優質資料歡迎下載優質資料歡迎下載優質資料歡迎下載language語言grammar語法sentence句子clause分句phrase詞組word詞morpheme詞素segmentation切分法freemorpheme自由詞素simpleword（morphemeword）簡單詞（單詞素詞）compoundword復合詞compoundnoun復合名詞compoundadjective復合形容詞compoundverb復合動詞compoundadverb復合副詞compoundpronoun復合代詞compoundconjunction復合連詞compoundpreposition復合介詞inflectionalaffix屈折詞綴derivationalaffix派生詞綴prefix前綴infix中綴suffix后綴allomorph詞素變體closedclass封閉詞類functionword功能詞preposition介詞pronoun代詞determiner限定詞conjunction連詞auxiliary助動詞openclass開放詞類contentword實義詞noun名詞adjective形容詞adverb副詞mainverb主動詞cardinalnumeral基數詞ordinalnumeral序數詞interjection感嘆詞head(headword)中心詞nounphrase名詞詞組verbphrase動詞詞組adjectivephrase形容詞詞組adverbphrase副詞詞組prepositionalphrase介詞詞組simpleverbphrase簡單動詞詞組complexverbphrase復雜動詞詞組finiteverbphrase限定動詞詞組tense時person人稱number數non-finiteverbphrase非限定動詞詞組premodifier前置修飾語postmodifier后置修飾語complementation補足成分independentclause獨立分句dependentclause從屬分句simpleclause簡單分句simplesentece簡單句complexclause復雜分句complexsentece復雜句mainclause主句subordinateclause分句finiteclause限定分句non-finiteclause非限定分句verblessclause無動詞分句fullsentence完全句minorsentece不完全句compoundsentence并列句compound-complexsentence并列復雜句clauseelement分句成分basicclausetype分句基本類型subject（compoundsubject）主語(并列主語)predicate（compoundpredicate）謂語(并列謂語)predicateverb謂語動詞object（directobject/indirectobject）賓語(直賓/間賓)complement(subject/objectcomplement)補語(主補/賓補)adverbial狀語SVC,SV,SVO,SVoO,SVOC,SVA,SVOAconcord/agreement一致subject-verbagreement主動一致/主謂一致grammaticalconcord語法一致原則notionalconcord意義一致原則principleofproximity就近原則coordinatesubject并列結構作主語nounphraseofamountorquality表示數量概念的名詞詞組relativeclause關系分句relativepronoun關系代詞antecedent先行項cleftsentence分裂句focuselement中心成分existentialsentence存在句notionalsubject實義主語coordinateconstruction并列結構coordinateelement并列成分simplenoun簡單名詞compoundnoun復合名詞derivativenoun派生名詞commonnoun普通名詞individualnoun個體名詞collectivenoun集體名詞materialnoun物質名詞abstractnoun抽象名詞propernoun專有名詞countable/countnoun可數名詞uncountable/non-countnoun不可數名詞number數singularnumber單數pluralnumber復數regularplural規則復數irregularplural不規則復數partitive/unitnoun單位詞/單位名詞case格commoncase通格possessivecase/genitivecase所有格/（名詞）屬格independentgenitive獨立屬格doublegenitive雙重屬格determiner限定詞definiteairicle定冠詞indefinitearticle不定冠詞zeroarticle零冠詞possessivedeterminer物主限定詞genitivenoun名詞屬格demonstrativedeterminer指示限定詞relativedeterminer關系限定詞interrogativedeterminer疑問限定詞indefinitedeterminer不定限定詞multiplicativenumeral倍數詞fractionalnumeral分數詞quantifier量詞specificreference特指genericreference類指definitespecificreference確定特指anaphoricspecificreference前照應特指cataphoricspecificreference后照應特指situationalreference語境照應（特指）definitequantity確定數量indefinitequantity非確定數量referentialmeaning所指意義predeterminer前位限定詞centraldeterminer中位限定詞postdeterminer后位限定詞personpronoun人稱代詞subjectivecase主格objectivecase賓格genitivecase屬格possessivepronoun(genitivepronoun)物主代詞(屬格代詞)nominalgenitivepronoun名詞性屬格代詞possessivegenitivepronoun限定詞屬格代詞reflexivepronoun反身代詞reciprocalpronoun相互代詞demonstrativepronoun指示代詞indefinitepronoun不定代詞interrogativepronoun疑問代詞relativepronoun關系代詞gender性masculinegender陽性femininegender陰性neutergender中性commongender通性nounofcommongender通性名詞person人稱firstperson第一人稱secondperson第二人稱thirdperson第三人稱Reflexiveform反身形式emphaticuse強調用法unemphaticuse非強調用法reference照應，所指pronounreference代詞照應anaphoricreference前照應cataphoricreference后照應situationalreference語境照應personreference人稱照應demonstrativereference指示照應tense時presenttense現在時pasttense過去時aspect體progressiveaspect進行體perfectiveaspect完成體voice態activevoice主動態passivevoice（be-passive/get-passive/passiveinfinitive）被動態(be型/get型被動態/不定式被動態)mood式indicativemood陳述式statement(declarativesentence)陳述句question(interrogativesentence)疑問句imperativemood祈使式subjunctivemood虛擬式hypotheticalmeaning假設意義non-factualmeanig非事實意義Be-subjunctiveBe型虛擬式Were-subjunctiveWere型虛擬式auxiliary助動詞primaryauxiliary基本助動詞modalauxiliary情態助動詞semi-auxiliary半助動詞simpleverbphrase簡單動詞詞組complexverbphrase復雜動詞詞組notionalverb實義動詞complementation補足成分transitiveverb及物動詞intransitiveverb不及物動詞linkingverb連系動詞dynamicverb動態動詞stativeverb靜態動詞single-wordverb單詞動詞phrasalverb詞組動詞finiteverb（finiteform）限定動詞（限定形式）non-finiteverb（non-finiteform）非限定動詞（非限定形式）baseform原形grammaticalform語法形式simpletense一般現在時simplepast一般過去時presentprogressive現在進行時pastprogressive過去進行時presentperfective現在完成時pastperfective過去完成時presentperfectiveprogressive現在完成進行時pastperfectiveprogressive過去完成進行時futuretense將來時operator操作詞predication述謂成分OldEnglish古英語prediction預見willingness意愿intention意圖infinitive(to-infinitive/bare-infinitive)不定式(帶to/不帶to不定式)-ingparticipleing分詞-edparticipleed分詞conditional條件句impliedconditional含蓄條件句ability能力possibility可能permission許可obligation義務（必須，應該）necessity必然determination決心epistemic推測性non-epistemic非推測性deepstructure深層結構surfacestructure表層結構dynamicadjective動態形容詞stativeadjective靜態形容詞presentparticiple現在分詞pastparticiple過去分詞gerund動名詞danglingparticiple(unattachedparticiple)懸垂分詞（無依著分詞）attachmentrule依著規則logicalsuject邏輯主語one-wordadjective單詞形容詞compoundadjective復合形容詞centraladjective中心形容詞peripheraladjective外圍形容詞gradableajective等級形容詞non-gradableajective非等級形容詞causativeconstruction使役結構simpleadverb簡單副詞derivativeadverb派生副詞adverbofmanner方式副詞adverbofdegree程度副詞adverboftime時間副詞adverboffrequency頻率副詞adverbofplace地點副詞conjunctiveadverb連接副詞explanatoryadverb解說副詞adjunct修飾/結合性狀語dsjunct評注/分離性狀語conjunct連接性狀語positive/absolutedegree原級comparativedegree比較級superlativedegree最高級syntheticform綜合形式analyticform分析形式comparativeconstructure比較結構analyticlanguage分析性語言simplepreposition簡單介詞complexpreposition復雜介詞two-wordpreposition雙詞介詞three-wordpreposition三詞介詞four-wordpreposition四詞介詞exclamation(exclamatorysentence)感嘆句emphasizer強調詞reinforcementtag強調附加結構doublenegative雙重否定rhetoricalquestion修辭疑問句partialnegation局部否定question(interrogativesentence)疑問句generalquestion(yes-noquestion)一般疑問句(是非疑問句)specialquestion（wh-question）特殊疑問句（wh-問句）alternativequestion選擇疑問句tagquestion附加疑問句non-assertiveword非肯定詞command(imperativesentence)祈使句existentialsentence存在句notionalsubject實義主語realsubject真主語locativeadverbial地點狀語temporaladverbial時間狀語nonreferringit非指代性itemptyit虛義itanticipatoryit先行itpseudo-clefsentence擬似分裂句coordinator并列（連）詞correlativecoordinator關聯并列連詞coordinateconstruction并列結構subordination從屬subordinator從屬連詞simplesubordinator簡單從屬連詞complexsubordinator復雜從屬連詞correlativesubordinator關聯從屬連詞marginalsubordinator邊際從屬連詞one-wordsubordinator單詞從屬連詞adverbialclauseoftime時間狀語分句adverbialclauseofplace地點狀語分句adverbialclauseofmanner方式狀語分句adverbialclauseofcause原因狀語分句adverbialclauseofresult結果狀語分句adverbialclauseofpurpose目的狀語分句adverbialclauseofcondition條件狀語分句adverbialclauseofconcession讓步狀語分句Infinitiveclause不定式分句-ingparticipleclause-ing分詞分句-edparticipleclause-ed分詞分句quasi-coordinator近似并列連詞absoluteconstruction獨立結構relativeword關系詞relativepronoun關系代詞relativeadverb關系副詞relativedeterminer關系限定詞attributiveclause(relativeclause)定語從句（關系分句）restrictiverelativeclause限定性關系分句non-restrictiverelativeclause非限定性關系分句doublerelativeclause雙重關系分句embeddedrelativeclause嵌入式關系分句conditional條件句realconditional真實條件句unrealconditional非真實條件句basicform基本形式variantform變體形式alternativeform替換形式directspeech直接引語indirectspeech間接引語reportingverb引述動詞modification修飾語restrictivemodifier限制性修飾語non-restrictivemodifier非限制性修飾語discontinuousmodification分隔修飾appositive同位語restrictiveappositive限制性同位語non-restrictiveappositive非限制同位語substitute替代詞nominalsub