考向65讀后續寫4步曲助力續寫得高分【真題再現】閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,hiswife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.“Iwishyoucouldseehim，”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando.”Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney.”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”“SodoI，”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,“Ihaveagreatidea!Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成)．”Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyouwhatwecando，”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.【四步法續寫】第1步知原文4要素明確1個主題故事背景在社會經濟蕭條的環境下，大家仍心存善良，互相幫助。人物Mrs.Meredith,John,Harry和Clara,Bernard,thesickmanandhiswife原文兩情線情節線①經濟衰退期間人們互助共渡難關；②Mrs.Meredith樂于助人；③Mrs.Meredith和孩子們講述Bernard一家的情況；④孩子們商量并找到幫助Bernard的辦法情感線Meredith樂于助人體現的是(caring,willing,helpful)→三個孩子想幫助Bernard一家，表現的是迫切渴望的情感(eager)→孩子們想出計劃時應該是激動的(excited)一個主題love,helpandactofkindness第2步據2個關鍵定續寫方向根據續寫部分兩個首句中的關鍵詞，確定續寫部分情節發展方向，情節要簡潔并注意各情節之間的相互銜接第3步兩“情”相悅添加合理細節兩“情”相悅續寫部分情節線和情感線的發展應與原文故事情節線和情感線一致，達到“兩情相悅”。情節線體現的是Meredith樂于助人，Bernard需要幫助→如何助人→雙方得償所愿；情感線的走向應該是激動和感激(excitedandgrateful)。添加4細節①動作細節：續寫第一段添加孩子取出叔叔送的那袋子玉米，準備紙袋的動作細節，呼應原文最后一段的細節；②情感細節：在刻畫Bernard一家的激動感激的情感時，可利用介詞短語；③心理細節：原文最后一句可描寫Bernard的心理活動，升華主旨，也呼應原文主題；④環境細節：第二段可添加環境描寫，渲染經濟狀況不好的人們，愿意掏錢買爆米花幫助Bernard，同時呼應首段末句，再次反映原文與續寫部分的同一個主題：love,helpandactofkindness。第4步沿用原文語言特點優美連貫表達原文利用簡單句、并列句、非謂語動詞和主從復合句，進行動作描寫、對話描寫及一定的環境描寫，因此續寫部分可利用適當的并列句、非謂語動詞和復合句進行動作和心理描寫。可利用afterthat,later,onreturning,although恰當過渡銜接。【參考范文】【策略回顧】讀后續寫4步曲第1步知原文4要素明確1個主題讀后續寫不是無視原文的獨立創作，而是順著原文作者的思路完成未完成的文本。動手續寫之前，首先應認真閱讀原文，帶著when,where,who,what,why,how理清原文的故事背景(setting)、人物和原文故事發展的情節(plot)線和情感(feelings)發展線，把握其文本大意和敘事要表現的主題或意圖，如2020新高考Ⅰ卷，通過講述三個孩子在有限的條件下，幫助了另外一個想要幫助父母維持生活的小男孩的故事，體現一個“愛、幫助和善行”的主題。1．首先獲取故事背景信息，如2020新高考Ⅰ卷在首段第二句和末句就交代了背景：Theeconomywasindecline,peoplelostjobs,buttheyweretryingtohelpeachother.2．關注兩條主線：準確理解原文，根據“誰、發生了什么”，快速理清原文對主要人或物的描寫并對相關事件進行整理，提煉明線——故事情節線。接著通過情節線和原文對心理情感細節的描述進行合理推測，理清原文暗線——情感發展線。3．通過對原文故事背景、情節線和情感線的分析提煉，可以得出原文的主題或敘事意圖。記敘文類的敘事意圖或主題指故事主要內容傳遞給讀者的信息，可以是情，也可以是理。續寫部分要在敘述意圖或主題上與原文保持一致。第2步據2個關鍵定續寫方向提煉出文本大意和敘述意圖后，結合所給短文的情景模式，即5W(Who?What?When?Where?Why？)和兩個續寫段落首句中與5W相關的要點，以5W的角度想象續寫部分的主要內容，預測故事的走向。1．兩個續寫段落的首句已給出，因此預測續寫第一段的續寫方向相對第二段較為明確。而第二段的續寫方向較為開放，需結合原文的人物性格特征和故事發展脈絡大膽預測。兩個續寫段落的首句既是提示，也是限制。因此，在預測內容時，須緊跟原文內容，緊密銜接段落首句，這樣才能保證續寫部分與原文情節的契合。2．續寫方向的預測，必須密切結合原文的文本大意和敘述意圖、情景模式以及原文的相關細節。第3步兩“情”相悅添加合理細節一篇好的讀后續寫，其寫作思路應遵循原文發展的情節線和情感發展線，即續寫部分與原文達到“兩情相悅”時，才能與原文高度融洽。1．首先應在情節的發展上與原文的情節發展是連貫而且是合理的，如2020新高考Ⅰ卷中提到Mrs.Meredith曾去過Bernard家，續寫部分可用paidanothervisittothefamily呼應原文這個細節。2．其次情感線的相悅指續寫部分的人物心理情感的變化按照原文人物的心理情感的變化合理變化且與原文的主題一致。如2020新高考Ⅰ卷原文主題是“愛、幫助和善行”，續寫部分應在進行情感描寫時描寫Bernard受到幫助后的感激之情，同時利用心理描寫點明原文主題，升華全文的情感。第4步沿用原文語言特點優美連貫表達不同的文章有不同的語言特點，有正式與非正式之分，有樸素與華麗之分，有簡潔明快與繁復含蓄之分。但是同一篇文章的語言特點應該是一致的，續寫時應判斷并沿用原文語言特點，使續寫部分與原文渾然一體。1．體現記敘文特點的4個方面①句式結構上：簡單句、復合句以及強調句、倒裝句等特殊句式的使用情況，如原文利用的簡單句較多，而復合句等較少或幾乎沒有，那么續寫部分就應多利用簡單句進行描寫，而不應過多涉及復合句。②語法結構上：主被動語態、非謂語動詞、獨立主格結構、with復合結構、虛擬語氣等的使用情況。③詞匯選擇上：常見初級詞匯、高級詞匯以及不同詞性的使用情況。④修辭手法上：比喻、擬人、夸張等修辭的使用情況。2．沿用語言特點的4個原則①續寫時，應盡可能根據原文在句子結構、語法結構、詞匯選擇和修辭手法上的語言特點方面遣詞造句。②不能因個人喜好或為追求詞句的高級和復雜等，刻意將不符合原文的詞句生搬硬套到續寫部分。③記敘文中常出現人物之間的對話。如果用直接引語記錄人物間的對話，應特別留意人物的特點和對話的情境。任何人物的語言都應該和人物的特點一致，符合其身份和性格特征。④人物的語言也應和說話時的情境吻合，即什么情況下說什么話，如緊急情況下的話語應該是短促的，不適合用復雜的帶有從句的復合句。【檢測訓練】1閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。In2019,Irescuedaskittishdonkey(容易受驚的驢).BocamefromanearbycattleranchandnowlivespeacefullyonmyranchintheBitterrootValleyofMontana,alongwithanotherdonkey,threehorses,andtwodogs.ButthekeytoBo’ssuccessfulrecoveryfromnervousrescuetohappyranchanimalwasn’tanythingIdid.Itwasmygrandson,Dylan.Whenhewasjustshyoffouryearsold,DylancamewithhisparentstospendtheFourthofJulywithmeontheirwaytoCanadaforavacation.Bokepthisdistancefromthegrown-ups,buthedisplayedanunusualfascinationwithDylan.Sowedecidedtointroducethem.“Moveslowly,keepyourarmsdown,bequiet,andstoopdownsometimes,”Itoldmygrandson.DylancautiouslyapproachedBo,stepbystep,holdingasoftrubbercomb.Boheldhisground,butheseemedinterestedwiththislittlevisitor.DylanrubbedBo’sshouldersandnecksoftlywiththecomb,removingremainsofhisthickwintercoat.It’shardforanalmostfour-year-oldtostaystillforlong,andmotivationovercameself-control.Dylanmadeonequickmove,andBojumpedoffwithlightsteps.ButBoandDylanwerenotreadytogiveup.Dylanapproachedagain.Towitnessapreschoolerlearntocontrolhimselfinsuchashorttimewasamazing.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按照如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Aswewatched,truelovedevelopedbetweenthisoncedistrustfuldonkeyandagentleboy.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theymetagainoneweeklaterasthefamilypassedthroughontheirreturntrip.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Arshadhadbeenoutwindowshoppingwithhisparents.Thatwasalltheydidthesedaysbecausetheydidn’thaveenoughmoneytoaffordalltheshinyclothes,shoesandotherfancyitemsthewindowsdisplayed.Evenfromadistance,theylookedsopromisingandinvitingthatonecouldn’thelpbutgooverandlookatthem.EversinceArshad’sfatherlosthisbusinessandhadtoclosedownhisgarmentshop,Arshad’sfamilybarelyhadthemoneytomakeendsmeet.Theyevenhadtomovetoarentedhouse,whichwassmallerandwassituatedintheshabbierpartofthecity.Unlikehisprevioushouse,wherehehadabigluxuriousroomalltohimself,hereArshadhadtosharehisroomandbedwithhisnaughtyyoungerbrotherwhoalwayshadtheroominahorriblemess.Whatwasworse,theplaygroundinthisneighbourhoodwasnothingliketheoneinhispreviousneighbourhood;theswingswereallbroken,themonkeybarswereallrustedandgrimy,andthesee-saw(蹺蹺板)onlyhadoneseat.Thereweren’tevenanybookshopsnearbywherehecouldspendhisfreetime,flippingthroughhisfavouritecomicbooksandnovels.Thatday,Arshadandhisbrotherwereterriblyboredwhentheirfatherdecidedtotakethemalloutforwindowshopping.WhenhisfathersawthesadlookonArshad’sface,hesatdownnexttohimandsaidinasolemntone,“Remember,therearechildrenouttherewhodon’tevenhavethethingsyoudo,like,warmclothes,aroofovertheirheads,goodeducationandallthedeliciousmealsthatyourmotherpreparesforyou,threetimesaday.Youshouldalwaysbegratefulforwhatyouhave.”Afterthetriptothemall,Arshad’sfatherdecidedtotakehistwoboystoagovernmentschoolintheirneighbourhood.Thechildrenintheschoolbarelyhadchairsintheirclassrooms.Instead,theysatonruggedcarpetsdrapedoverahard,stonefloor.Threeorfourchildrensharedtorn,second-handbooksamongstthemselves.Theplaygrounddidn’tevenhaveanyswingsandtherewasnotevenacafeteria!注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Arshadrememberedhowhealwayscomplainedabouttheswingsinhisplayground.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thinkingofthehappychildreninthatschool,Arshaddecidedtodosomething.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3閱讀下面材料,根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫的詞數應為150左右。WrinklesofconfusionrippledacrossHolly’sforeheadassheopenedthegiftfromherbestfriend,Susan.“I...Ithoughtyoucoulduseitforsomething.”Susan’sstammeredexplanationdidnothingtohelpusunderstandwhyatwelve-by-eighteen-inchdarkbluecarpetremnant(殘余物)wasbeingpresentedasabirthdaygift.Holly,mydaughter,triedbravelynottoallowherdisappointmenttoshow.Shelaidthecarpetonthekitchencounter,andthetwogirlsheadedoutsidetoplay.Thenextmorning,Icarriedakitchenbagoutside.MyheartachedasIsawSusan’scarpetlyinginthetrashcan.Hesitatingonlyamoment,Ireachedinandpickeditup.Aftergivingitalightbrushing,Ibroughtitintothehouseandplaceditinthehallcloset.Occupiedwiththebusinessofdailyliving,thecarpetwassoonforgotten.PriortoHolly’sbirthday,Susanhadbeenaregularvisitorinourhome.Onseveraloccasions,sherodethebushomewithHollyandwasoneofthefewfriendseverpermittedtostayoveronaschoolnight.ButnowIrealizedithadbeennearlythreeweekssincewe’devenheardmentionofSusan’sname.Imissedherwarmsmileandeager-to-pleaseways.Oneday,Hollyhadarrivedhomefromschool.“Susaninvitedmetocomeovertoherhouseafterschooltomorrow,”sheannouncedasshetookherbooksdownonthekitchentable.Althoughhervoicecarriedaso-whatattitude,Isensedshewaspleasedbytheinvitation.Arrangementsweremade,andthegirlsrodehometogetherontheschoolbusthefollowingday.AsInegotiatedthewindingcountryroadthatledtoherhouse,Susanchattednervouslyaboutherfostermomandtheseventeencatsshehadtakeninandcaredfor.SoonwearrivedatSusan’shouse.注意:1.續寫詞數應為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Paragraph1:Awomanwearingashapelesssweaterstoodinthedoorwaytogreetusasweapproachedthesmallshabbyfarmhouse.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:HearingmywordsabouteverythingofSusan,Hollysatsilentlyinthecar,withherheadstretchingforward(前伸)asifwillingthecartomovefaster.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Sigridfinishedmilkingthecowandsteppedoutofthebarnintothecoldair.Itwasalmostsummer,buticebergsstillfilledthenarrowsea.Shesetthebucketdown,onlytofindthatthemilkreachedmerelyhalfwaytothetop.Ifwedon'tgetmorefoodsoon,shethoughtanxiously,wewillhavetoeatthecow.Andthenwhatwillwedo?GrandfatherusedtotellherthatwhentheirNorseancestorsfirstcametoGreenland,thefieldswererichwithgrass.Butinrecentyears,theclimatehasbeengettingcolderandthesummersshorter.Whenhergrandfatherwasalittleboy,therewereasmanyasfifteencowsinthefamily'sbarn.Nowthereisjustone.Andthefamilyhasbarelyenoughhaytofeedit.Agustofwindsendingachilldownherspine,Sigridstuffedherhandsintothepocketstowarmthem.Herfingersfelthermostprizedpossession,apieceofredclothshe'dhadsinceshewasasmallgirl.Shetooktheclothoutofherpocketandletitunfold.Itwasbarelylongerthanherarm.Butitsbrilliantcolourwasbrightagainstthestark(荒涼的)landscape.Theclothhadoncebeenpartofadress—inhappier,moreprosperoustimes.Nobodydresseslikethatanymore.Withice-filledseas,shipsnolongerarrivewithfoodsandgoodstotrade.Allofasudden,movementonthewatercaughtSigrid'seye.Alightboatmovedsilentlybetweentheicebergs.AnInukboy,aboutSigrid'sage,waslookingherway,staringattheredclothfluttering(飄動)inthebreeze.Ahuntingweaponwastiedtothefrontofhisboat.Anddraggingbehinditwasalargefish.SigridknewtherehadbeenfightsbetweentheInuitandtheNorse.Buttheboyhadakindfaceanddidnotreachforhisweapon.注意:1.續寫詞數應為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Shecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhattodo.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theboyputtheclothintohispocketandreturnedtohisboat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫的詞數應為150左右。Awaterbearerhadtwolargepots,eachhungoneachendofapolewhichhecarriedacrosshisneck.Oneofthepotshadacrackinit,andwhiletheotherpotwasperfectandalwaysdeliveredafullportionofwaterattheendofthelongwalkfromthestreamtothemaster'shouse,thecrackedpotarrivedonlyhalffull.Forafulltwoyears,thiswentondaily,withthebearerdeliveringonlyoneandahalfpotsfullofwaterinhismaster'shouse.Ofcourse,theperfectpotwasproudofitsaccomplishments,perfecttotheendforwhichitwasmade.Butthepoorcrackedpotwasashamedofitsownimperfectionandmiserablethati