定語從句一．知識解析在復合句中作定語,修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句,叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語從句之前。引導定語從句的是關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose等和關系副詞when,where,why等。關系代詞或關系副詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間,它既起連接作用,又充當從句中的一個成分。關系詞作用先行詞例句that,who,whom主語、賓語、表語Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考試中得“A”的那個女孩嗎?that,which主語、賓語、表語Shegotaputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一臺電腦,這臺電腦是她父母給她買的。whose定語Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.這個男孩學習非?？炭?他爸爸是位醫生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.開著窗戶的那個房間是我的。when狀語IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然記得你動身去北京的那一天。where狀語Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.這就是我媽媽工作的那個學校。why狀語Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?1.關系代詞的用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語、表語或謂語動詞的賓語;which指物,在從句中作主語、表語或謂語動詞及介詞的賓語;who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;whom在從句中作賓語;whose在從句中作定語。如:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行詞主語謂語賓語

分析:who是關系代詞,在定語從句中作主語。句意:醫生就是照顧病人的人。(1)下列情況下,先行詞指物時,定語從句只能用that引導,不能用which引導:①當先行詞是等不定代詞時。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發生的所有事情告訴了他的媽媽。②當先行詞前面有修飾時。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這是我能找到的唯一一本書。③當序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最好的書。④當先行詞前面有等修飾時。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把魯迅的著作全讀完。⑤當主句是以疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問結構時。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪個是你最喜歡的旅店?(2)關系代詞的省略一般情況下,關系代詞作賓語時可以省略,但關系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關系代詞前時,不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠不會忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語時,不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個男孩是誰?2.關系副詞的用法(1)when表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。如:IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然記得你從八中畢業的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。如:Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我們不知道他為什么上學遲到了。(3)where表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。如:ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就讀的學校。題組訓練一、選擇適當的詞填空1.Theboy(who;whom;which)isplayingpingpongismyclassmate.

2.Theonlyemail(who;that;which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.

3.Ihatepeople(that;which;whom)talkmuchbutdolittle.

4.Thehotel(which;that;where)westayedlastsummerisagoodone.

5.CanyouhelpmefindsomeinformationaboutEinstein(which;who;whom)Icanuseformyreport?

6.Thisisthemostamazingphoto(which;that;who)Ihaveeverseen.

隨堂練習1.YouRaiseMeUpisasong________bringsmemuchcourageinthefaceofchallenges.A.who B.when C.which D.where2.—Doyouknowtheboyoverthere?—Theoneisholdingaball?Oh,that’smyneighborPhil.A.what B.which C.who D.不填3.Mr.Brownisateacher__________isstrictwithallisstudents.A.which B.who C.where4.DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.who B.which C.what5.Thebook__________Ireadlastnightwasfantastic.A.that B.what C.whose D.who6.Shewassoangryat__________hewasdoing__________shewalkedoutwithoutaword.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.what;whatD.that;that二1.—Whataretheytalkingabout?—Theyaretalkingaboutthegreatestinventions________havemadeabigdifferencetoourdailylife.A.which B.who C.that2.—DoyouknowLiZiqi?—Ofcourse.Sheisabeautifulgirl________hasmademanyvideostoshowatraditionalChinesewayoflife.A.whose B.where C.which D.who3.Thebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisLily's.A.which B.whose C.that4.Thenurse_____________islookingaftertheoldmanisTom’ssister.A.which B.who C.what5.Indifficulttimes,therearealwaysnationalheroes________stepupandbringpeoplehope.A.whom B.which C.who6.LiWenliangisabravedoctor________isknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.who B.which C.what D.when7.We’llneverforgetthose________losttheirlivesforourcountry.A.who B.which C.whom8.DuFuisagreatChinesepoet________hasbeepopularwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.A．which B．whom C．who9.Wealllikeedies__________makeusrelaxed.A.who B.that C.whom10.ThisistheCD_____________Iboughtlastyear.A.who B.that C.whom一Aladyoncewrotealongstory.Shesentittoafamouseditor.After__1__weekstheeditor__2__thestorytoher.Theladywas__3__.Shewortebacktotheeditor:“DearSir,Yesterdayyousentbackastoryofmine.__4__doyouknowthatthestoryisnotgood?Youdidnotreadit.__5__Isentyouthestory,Ipastedtogetherpages18,19and20.Thiswasa__6__toseewhetheryouwouldreadthestory.Whenthestorycamebackyesterday,thepageswere__7__pastedtogether.Isthisthe__8__youreadallthestoriesthataresenttoyou?”Theeditorwroteback:“DearMadam,__9__breakfastwhenIhaveanegg,I__10__eatthewholeegginordertodiscoverthatitisbad.”1.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle2.A.gave B.cameback C.handed D.returned3.A.angry B.happy C.satisfied D.glad4.A.How B.Why C.What D.Where5.A.After B.Until C.Before D.Since6.A.lesson B.test C.question D.thing7.A.already B.still C.even D.yet8.A.work B.check C.road D.way9.A.On B.Onthe C.At D.Atthe10.A.mustnot B.havenotto C.neednotto D.don’thaveto二Greenlandisthelargestislandintheworld.Itisinthe1ofEurope.NearGreenlandisanotherisland.Itissmall.Its2isIceland.DoyouthinkthatGreenlandisgreenandwarm?DoyouthinkthatIcelandiswhitewithice?Ifyoudo,youare3.NotmanypeopleliveonthebigislandofGreenland.There4morepeopleinyourhometownthaninallofGreenland.ThatisbecauseGreenlandisnotgreen.Greenlandis5.Mostoftheislandiscoveredwithlotsofice.TheicecoveringGreenlandis6thantheworld'stallestbuilding.What__7Iceland?Isitcolder