40.______________n.(蘇格蘭)羊雜碎肚41.______________n.食堂，餐廳42._____________n.自助餐廳，自助食堂VocabularyhaggiscanteencafeteriaUnit3FoodandCulture

DiscoverUsefulStructures

ThePastPerfectTenseThePastPerfectPassiveVoiceLeadin動(dòng)詞的變體第三人稱單數(shù)過去式現(xiàn)在分詞原形過去分詞does做did做doing做do做done做eats吃ate吃eating吃eat吃eaten吃1.I_________myhomeworkeveryday.

我每天做作業(yè)。2.I_________myhomeworkyesterday.

我昨天做了作業(yè)。3.I_____________myhomeworknow.

我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。do時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)did時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞過去式amdoing時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞ing4.I_________myhomeworktomorrow.

我明天要做作業(yè)。時(shí)態(tài)：一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形willdo過去分詞的構(gòu)成：1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：a)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后面加ed

work------workedplay--------playedb)以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d

use------used

refuse------refusedc)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改i再加edstudy-----studiedcarry-----carriedd)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，前面有單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)，雙寫輔音字母，再加edstop----stoppeddrop-------dropped2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表P122-123過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：由助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（V.pp)ObserveandDiscover(p29)Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Anewfarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetup

bythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.主句和從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)？語態(tài)？形式結(jié)構(gòu)？主句和從句中事件或動(dòng)作的先后順序？主從句之間的連接詞是什么？ObserveandDiscoverThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.PresentFuture…h(huán)adsetup…

…waspublished時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：haddone時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/weredoneObserveandDiscoverAnewfarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetup

bythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.PresentFuture…h(huán)adbeensetup…

…waspublished時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：hadbeendone時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/weredoneObserveandDiscoverTheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.PresentFuture…h(huán)adfinished…

joined時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：haddone時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：didTheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.PresentFuture…h(huán)adbeenfinished…

joined時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：hadbeendone時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：didMoresentencesinthisunitWhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommended

tousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.Q1：什么是過去完成時(shí)？Q2：過去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)？Q3：過去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語有哪些？Q4：隱形的過去完成時(shí)一、過去完成時(shí)Q1：什么是過去完成時(shí)？Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway.警察到商店時(shí)，小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。過去現(xiàn)在將來過去完成時(shí)是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或一直延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。→“過去的過去”理解“過去的過去”：過去過去的過去現(xiàn)在先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。例：Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.我到達(dá)電影院之前電影已經(jīng)開始了。hadbegungot

Q2：過去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)？主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定形式haddonehadbeendone否定形式hadnotdonehadnotbeendone一般疑問句had＋主語＋donehad＋主語＋beendone特殊疑問句疑問詞＋had＋主語＋done疑問詞＋had＋主語＋beendone①WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrived

inChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.②ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommended

tousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.觀察下面句子，說出劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)類型及句中功能。①劃線部分是____________________，arrive這個(gè)動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在went這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，表示過去的過去。②劃線部分是____________________，recommend這個(gè)動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在found這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，而且是被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。過去完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Afterhe_____________(finish)hishomework,hewenttobed.3.Theclass____________(begin)whenIgottoschool.4.Thework_____________________(finish)byusbynineo’clockyesterday.5.Tomrealizedamistake____________________(make)byher.5.He_________(leave)beforeIgothome.語法填空。hadfinishedhadbegunhadleft2.Theproject______________________(complete)bytheendof1999.hadbeencompleted

hadbeenfinishedhadbeenmadebefore(連詞/介詞)+

過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“在...之前”by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“到...為止”bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“到...為止”bythetime+(一般過去時(shí))“到...為止”Q3：過去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語有哪些？I________________(finish)readingthenovelbynineO'clocklastnight.We________________(learn)overtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.They______________(plant)sixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.They___________(leave)beforewearrivedattheschool.

Breakfast___________________(serve)bythetimeIgotup.

ExamplesandExerciseshadfinishedhadlearnedhadplantedhadlefthadbeenservedMyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshehadpainted.Ibegantheworkafterhehadgone.1.在told，said，knew，heard，thought

等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句,

主句為過去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，用過去完成時(shí)。Q4：隱形的過去完成時(shí)2.常用hope,expect,suppose,think,want,wish等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、計(jì)劃或者打算。例：Wehadintendedtohaveabarbecueintheopenair戶外, buttheweatherwasbad.[典例4]1.Ihadwished__________(become)adoctor,butIstudiedlawatcollege.2.They____________(plan)toseeusoffattheairport.tobecomehadplanned①Hardly/Scarcely/Seldom/merely...when；Nosooner...than一.....就否定詞置于句首，需要部分倒裝。主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。3.用于一些固定句型：1.Hardly

hadwesatdowntosupperwhenthephonerang.2.Scarcely

hadthevotesbeencounted,whenthetelephonerang.3.

Nosooner

hadIwalkedoutthanIrememberedthatIforgotmyhomework.[典例3]1.我剛到車站，火車就開了。(scarcely...when...)2.結(jié)果剛一宣布，人們就歡呼起來。(hardly...when...)ScarcelyhadIreachedthestationwhenthetrainstarted.Ihadscarcelyreachedthestationwhenthetrainstarted.

Hardlyhadtheresultbeenannouncedwhenthecrowdapplauded.It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime(that)主+haddone這是/那是某人第一/第二次/第…次做…Itwasthefirsttimeshehadlefthermotherland.Itwasthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+(that)主+haddoneItwasthemostinspiringperformance(that)Ihadwatched.[典例5]1.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(leave)hermotherland.2.Itisthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.3.This___(be)thefirsttimeIhadseenDadsofurious狂怒的.4.Itistimeforus________(pack)upandleave.5.[變]Itistimewe___________________(pack)upandleave.6.[變]ItwasthebestcoffeeI___________(taste).hadlefthavespokenwas

topackhadtastedshouldpack/packedisishashave3.用于一些固定句型：

1)用于wish后的賓語從句中，表示對(duì)過去未做成的事情的某種感嘆或愿望。如：IwishI

(be)thereatthattime.那時(shí)候我要在那兒就好了。（事實(shí)上我不在那兒。）IwishI

(tell)himaboutit.我要是沒告訴他那事就好了。（事實(shí)上我告訴他了。）過去完成時(shí)態(tài)常見的固定結(jié)構(gòu).hadbeenhadnottold2)用于對(duì)過去事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬的條件句中。如：IfIhadhurried,Iwouldn'thavemissedthetrain.如果我快點(diǎn)的話，我就不會(huì)誤了火車。Ifyouhadbeenattheparty,youwouldhavemethim.

如果你去了晚會(huì)，你就會(huì)見到他的。Completethetwoconversationswiththecorrectformsofthewordsintheboxusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoice.(p29)PracticearrivecanceleatfinishgettastetellCarol:____youever______anyScottishfoodbeforeyourtriptoSt

Andrewslastyear?

Paul:No,notreally.ButI___________abouthaggismanytimesbefore

wewentthere.

Carol:Oh…Didyoutryit?

Paul: