Unit4HistoryandTraditionsVocabulary1.Confucius

n.孔子TempleofConfucius

孔廟2.philosophyn.哲學philosopher

n.

哲學家philosophical

adj.哲學的philosophicallyadv.哲學上3.individual

adj.單獨的；個別的cn.個人

adj.individualcasecn.

theindividual個

案個

人individually

adv.單獨地individuality

n.個性；個性特征4.Achilles’heel希臘神話：阿喀琉斯的腳跟5.puzzle

cn.謎；智力游戲；疑問；難題

vt.

(使)迷惑；(使)困惑puzzleabout/over

sth

冥思苦想；苦苦思索bepuzzledabout

對…迷惑不解cn.inapuzzle

感到困惑；不知如何是好beapuzzletosb

…對某人來說是個謎/難題vt.

puzzled

adj.

感到迷惑的puzzling

adj.

令人迷惑的－ed形容詞常說明人；或修飾人的表情、聲音等；－ing形容詞常說明事物的性質puzzlement

n.迷惑；困惑（狀態)withpuzzlement

困惑地[即學即練]——單句語法填空①

Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatest___________(puzzle)inourlife．②

Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzling___________howtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．③

The__________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas_________overthe___________mathsproblem.(puzzle)她臉上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那個令人困惑的數學題。puzzlesabout/overpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzlingbreakup

打碎；分裂；解體；結束；(關系等)破裂breakdown

出故障；分解；損壞；累垮breakinto

破門而入breakin

破門而入；打斷；插話breakout

(戰爭、洪水、火災等)爆發6.breakaway(fromsb

/sth

)脫離；背叛；逃脫[即學即練]——用break的相關短語填空①

Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwill________________soonerorlater.②

Afire______________inthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled.③

Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedto__________________theUnion.④Inmyopinion,marriagebasedonmoneyislikelyto______________.breakdownbrokeoutbreakawayfrombreakupbelongto

屬于

（無被動，無進行,其中to為介詞）belongings

n.

所有物;財產asenseofbelonging

歸屬感belonging

n.歸

屬,屬性7.

belongvi.

應在(某處);

適應

[鞏固內化]用belong的適當形式填空①Thewoodenhouse

(belong)tomeisbeingdecoratednow.

②Thecat_________tothepeoplewholiveupstairs.③Icollectedmy__________andleft.belongsbelongings

belonging1.Tearswelledupinhereyes,andherheartseemedtobetorn____well.2.Ifyoudonotlikeswimming,you__________gojogging.如果不喜歡游泳,你不妨慢跑。3.Theyareacoupleintherealworld_________inthemovie.他們在電影和現實生活中都是一對夫婦。8.aswellas同，也，還1.Theteacher，aswellashisstudents，_________(go)toplanttreestomorrow.isgoing謂語動詞遵循就遠原則aswell也;又;還（相當于too，用于句尾）may/mightaswelldosth

倒不如做某事;不妨做某事

asmayaswellaswellas1)indefenceof…

為了保衛…2)insb’sdefence

為某人辯護(indefenceofsb)3)self-defence

自衛，正當防衛9.

defence

n.防御；保衛（同defense）Weshouldn'tforgetthedoctorsandnurseswhodiedindefenceofpeople'shealthandsafety．Nobodyspokeoutinhisdefence.defend

vt.保護；保衛；為…辯護①

defend...from(against)...保護…免受…(=protect...from...）②defendoneself自衛defensiveadj.

防御的,保護的

defendant

n.被告；adj.辯護的defender

n.防衛者；辯護者；①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained_____________(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks.②Manymedicalexpertsareworkinghardin________(defend)ofpeople'shealth.③Whenadogattackedme，Ipickedupasticktodefend_________(I).todefenddefencemyself①surround…with…

用…包圍…②besurroundedwith/by

被…包圍/環繞10.surround

vt.圍繞；包圍surrounding

adj.周圍的；附近的surroundings

n.環境；周邊事物Itiswisetosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhohaveahighlevelofself?discipline.[即學即練]——單句語法填空①

_____________(surround)bytheforest,thevillagelooksverybeautiful.②

Livinginbeautifulandcomfortable______________(surround),wefeelveryhappy.③

Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe______________(surround)villages.Surroundedsurroundingssurrounding11.evidence

un.證據；證明①inevidence

顯眼；顯而易見的②Thereis(some/no)evidencethat…

(有/沒有)證據證明…evident

adj.明顯的；明白的③

Itisevidentthat…

很顯然…翻譯：很顯然，他的觀點不對.Itisevidentthathisopinioniswrong.evidently

adv.明顯地①asenseofachievement

成就感②makeanachievement(indoingsth)

(在某方面)取得成就12.

achievement

n.成就，成績;(C)完成，達到(U)；achievevt.

完成；達到achievable

adj.

可達到的；可實現的

achieveone’sdream/success/goal

實現夢想/獲得成功/實現目標①Onlythe__________________________willbringlastingpeace.只有達成這些目標才會帶來持久的和平。②Reachingthisagreementsoquicklywas___________________．如此快速達成這項協定是一大成績。③Hehopedto

bypeacefulmeans.他希望通過和平手段實現他的目標。achievementofthesegoals

agreatachievementachievehisgoal13.locationcn．地方；地點；位置locate

v.找出...的位置,定位

belocatedin/on

坐落于/位于.....

①China__________(locate)intheeastofAsiawithanareaof9，600，000squarekilometres.②_________(locate)intheeastofAsia,Chinahasanareaof9，600，000squarekilometres.islocatedLocatedkeepaneyeon

照看，照管，留心注意haveaneyefor

對……有判斷力/鑒賞力catchsb’seye

吸引某人的注意【翻譯】如果你留心點，你能學到很多。Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youcanlearnagreatdeal.14.keepone’seyesopen睜大眼睛，留心，注意15.

charge

vt.收費；控告；充電

n.費用；指控；主管chargesbforsth

向某人收取....的費用chargesb

with(doing)sth

因某事控告某人

vt.①Wehaveenoughconfidencetochargeyou

abuseofpower.

②Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedus

wineandbeer.with

for

1）freeofcharge

免費=for

free2）takechargeof

負責/掌管…(表動作)inchargeof

控制/管理…(主語通常為人)in

thechargeofsb＝inone’scharge(被動，主語通常為物）

在某人的掌管下；被某人管理Theticketisfreeofcharge.He________________

thiscompany.=Hewas______________

thiscompany=Thiscompanywas_________________him.=Thiscompanywas______________他掌管這個公司。n.費用；指控；主管tookchargeofinchargeofinthechargeof

inhischarge.announcesth

tosb

向某人宣告某事Itisannouncedthat…據宣布…(it形主)16.announce

vt.宣布；通知；聲稱announcement

n.通告；宣告；聲明announcer

n.

播音員；廣播員makeanannouncement(that)

下通知；宣布[即學即練]——單句語法填空①

Itiswisetoannouncethenews_________thepublic.②

The_____________madean_______________thatallthedetailsshould________________throughthebroadcast.(announce)③

It_______________(announce)thatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.toannouncerannouncementbeannouncedisannounced17.

amount

n.金額；數量（1）alargeamountof大量;許多（+不可數n）+謂語用單數；

=

largeamountsof大量;許多（+不可數n）+謂語用復數

作主語時謂語動詞的單復數與amount的單復數有關，與of后面的名詞無關（2）theamountof......的數量(做主語謂語動詞用單數）v.總計；相當于；等于amountto

合計，等于，相當于[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Alargeamountofmoney___________(be)tobespentinbuildinganewbridgeforthevillage.②Atthattime,smallamountsofland___________(use)forkeepinganimals.③Thetotalsalesofthecompanydidn’tamount

morethanamilliondollars.

④Theamountoffuelthatthiscaruses____(be)abigstrikeagainstit.iswereusedto

is

(1)

agreatdealof,

只能修飾不可數名詞；(2)

alargenumberof

只能修飾可數名詞復數；(3)

alotof,plentyof

,

alargequantityof既可以修飾可數名詞,也可以修飾不可數名詞。表示“大量的”的短語還有：alargenumberof,

agreatdealof,

plentyof,

alotof18.approach

n.方法；途徑；接近

vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近approachsb./sth.

靠近/接近某人/某物approachtheproblem

處理問題vt.接近；接洽；著手處理

vi.靠近Springisapproaching.春天即將來臨。

cn.

方法；途徑；接近(~es)①

(an)approachto

(doing)sth.做某事的方法/途徑②attheapproachof隨著……臨近=with...approaching

表達“(做)某事的方法”時：approach,way,means,method(1)theapproachto(doing)sth(2)thewaytodo/of(doing)sth(3)themeansof(doing)sth(4)themethodof(doing)sth[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_____________(approach)tothestudyofmaths.②

Theyhavealaissez-faireapproachto______________theirchildren.他們采用放任自由的方法來養育子女。

approachesbringingup③一句多譯:隨著這重大日子的臨近她心情越來越緊張。Asthegreatday___________

,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.Withthegreatday____________,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.____theapproachofthegreatday

,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.approachedapproachingAt1）begeneroustosb

對某人慷慨2）begenerouswithsth

在…方面很慷慨3）Itisgenerousofsbtodosth

某人做某事真是寬宏大量/真大方19.generous

adj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的generosity

n.慷慨；大方；寬宏大量generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地beeagertodosth

渴望做某事beeagerforsth

渴望得到某物20.eager

adj.熱切的；渴望的eagerly

adv.熱切地；急切地eagernessn.熱切；渴望①(2016.浙江高考)EachweekI

_________(eager)countedmygrowingsavingincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere②(2021.全國I)Asshewasleavingshewaseager_____(say)goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.③Theywereeager______asecondbiteofthecherry.④Icouldn'thidemy__________(eager)togetbackhome.foreagerness

tosay

eagerly

渴望做某事

beeagerfor/todosthbeanxiousfor/todosthbedyingfor/todosthbedesperatefor/todosthbehungry/thirstyfor/todosthhaveadesireforlongfor/todosthbedottedwith

布滿；星羅棋布于onthedot

準時21.

dot

n.點；小(圓)點

vt.加點；遍布greetsbwith…

用…來迎接/問候某人22.greet

vt.問候；迎接greeting(s)

n.(常用復數形式)問候；祝賀；賀詞Shegreetedmewithasmile.

她以微笑迎接我。exchangegreetings

寒暄[即學即練]——單句語法填空①

She___________(greet)uswithasmilewhenshesawusinthestreet．②

Shesentusacardwithbirthday___________(greet)．greetedgreetingsstrike(struck,struck)v.打;撞擊;罷工;(災難、疾病等)襲擊;打動;劃(火柴);給某人…以印象；突然想到;(鐘)敲響;鳴n.罷工;攻擊23.striking

adj.引人注目的；顯著的bestruckby