關系代詞（在從句中作主語，賓語，表語，賓補，定語）thatwhichwho,whom,whose,關系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）when,whywho/whowhomthat可省whose/ofwhich/whichthat可省whose/ofthat（1）主句已有疑問詞who或which。WhoisthepersonthatissittingbytheHetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadall,much,little,something,somebody,nobody,anything,nothing,I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyouThisisthebestwaythatcanpreventHeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.（6）先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等詞修飾時LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousome*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat were (publish)last*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovels was (publish)lastwhich,EdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenwhichThefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryLondon,whichisthecapitalofUK,isaverybeautifulIwasputinapositionin which IhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.Therearemanyreasons for which peopleliketraveling.Hebuiltatelescope which hecouldstudytheThe peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthethat,那么另一句的關系詞就需whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlywhere作地點狀語。先行詞還可以是抽象的地點名詞，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activitystage,Thehotelwherewestayedwasvery=Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasvery=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasverywhenwhentime,daydate等，when在從句中作時間狀語。先行詞還可以是抽象的時間名詞，如：occasion，age[特別重要]I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirst=I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstwhyThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=ThereasonforwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedThisisthecollege(that/which)IThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyears,visitedwhere,thereinthecollege。Thisisthe hewasThisisthe that/which可 hegavefornotThisisthe that/which可 IvisitedThisisthe that/ sellsThisisthe TVsetsareI’llneverforgetthe that/which可 wespentI’llneverforgetthe Igot關系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時,介詞可放于從句之首,也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/that)IshookhandsIsthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastlookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,payattentionto,lookforwardto,dependEgYoushouldn’tneglectthesmalldetailsthatwhichyouneedtopayattentiontotoMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice．=MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforHewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vepletelyforgotten.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors．LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglish=LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishChinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisIcalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.(“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句中介詞的選擇。They’llneverforgetJuly1whichHongKongreturnedtoitsHongKongisthecitywhichheWuSongwasthemanwhomthetigerwas定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句兩種。區別：ThisisthebookIlike Beijing,whichhasbeenChina’scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoric(al)4.翻譯時，限定性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結構）；Hehasasister,whoisamusician.(有幾個姐妹 Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.(有幾個姐妹 5.引導非限定性定語從句的關系代詞，whowhomwhose,whichwhose,指整個句as,which;when,where,forwhich.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.as多用于thesame...as;such/so...as;as...as等結構中。如：IhavethesamebookasyouWewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.IsawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamof.Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.翻譯成： orIliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.（ I’mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.（ 比較：定語從句or結果狀語從句？Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift. Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanlift asknow,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.（as作=It’sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone’s=Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,asweall=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone’sHewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhis(as作 語,先行詞是前面整個句子aswhichwhich引導的定語從句只置于所限定的句子后；asas可置于所限制的句子Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryJackasyouknowisanhonestman.JackisanhonestmanasyouAsyouknowJackisanhonestwhich引導非限定性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一個句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行詞是一個詞）Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個句子）Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoHewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisseem,bee等，一般不用其他行為動詞。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedHedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedvery④as一般譯為“正如”“就像”，which翻譯成“這一點”常用的結構有asweallknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;aswecansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。【常考的結構！！！】waytimeWhatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaid.1)在定語從句中，theway在從句中充當方式狀語inwhichthat或省略；但是當它在從句中充當主語、賓語等成分時，其后的關系詞就thatwhich。2)timetime作“次數”that引導定語從句，thattime作“一段時間，時代”whenat/during＋which引導定語從句。ThisisthewomanthemusiciansaidwasthemostwonderfulpianistintheWewilldiscussthebenefits Ifeelhaveresultedfromtheproject.Theywenttotheplacetheybelievedtheycouldfindsomefood.十、定語從句中的主謂一致1.關系代詞作從句的主語時，從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數要與先行詞保持一致，先行詞是句子時，從句的謂語動詞用單數。2.“oneof+復數名詞”作先行詞時，關系代詞在從句中作主語，從句的謂語動詞常用復數，但當代詞前有the,theonly,thevery等修飾時，從句的謂語動詞用單數。TitanicistheonlyofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.填空(YoumayusemorethanonewordinsomeSheshowedmethebook shepaid5Themitteeconsistsof20members,five areHeistheonlyperson IwanttotalkSuchpeople werementionedbyhimwereWeareinaposition wemaylosealargesumofThebank wasopenedlastweekisaverymodernSmith, isasurgeon,isnowinSwedenasavisitingThepalace Ioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thThisisilm haseverbeenIsthereanything IcandoforThehero leftlegwaslostinthewariswelllookedGrannyWang, eldestsondiedintheearthquake,livesnexttomyOnthehillweremapletrees leaveshadturnedTheaudience,most_ werecollegestudents,enjoyedtheBambooishollow, makesitvery weknow,waterresourcesareverylimitedontheTheyear1968, theAmericanastronautsfirstlandedonthemoon,wasimportantinhistory.ThecityofPisa, Galileomadehisfamousexperimentoffallingobjects,isnowatouristcity.ThisisthereasonhelefttheThisisthereason hegaveusforhisWhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse IwouldbeTheevening, Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,hadagreatinfluenceonmyManycountriesaresettingupnationalparks_ animalsandplantscanbeTheairquality, isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwoIhavereachedapointinmylife IamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyWearelivinginanageeverbefore. moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereaseeverbefore.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_ hasdevelopedgradually.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers, agreateffectonmyTheoldtemple roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderIcanthinkofmanycases studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.Wewentthroughaperiodtheruralareas. municationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi thebushaddroppedAftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_ turnedouttobeawisedecision—Doyouhaveanythingtosayfor—Yes,thereisonewemustinsistNowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment live.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses arebuiltclosetoeachHewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool, hewentontoBeijingSalesdirectoris municationabilityisjustasimpor