一、時態和語態1.怎樣解答時態問題例1You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm.You______justlastweek.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed例2AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft考試重點2.與完畢時有關的時態★目前完畢時(havedone)since,for/inthepastfewmonths,uptonow例1Collectingtoycarsasahobbybecomesincreasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.ABCD例2English______inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeentaughtB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught.★過去完畢時(haddone)例3AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft例4Thechemistryclass_____forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.wouldbegan★未來完畢時(willhavedone)by例5We’relateIexpectthefilm_____bythetimewegettothecinema.A.hadalreadystartedB.havealreadyC.willalreadyhavestartedD.havealreadybeenstarted.★目前完畢進行時(havebeendoing)例6Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking★過去完畢進行時(hadbeendoing)★未來完畢進行時(willhavebeendoing)例7Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours.A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying.3.在時間和條件狀語從句中不用未來時態▲用一般目前時替代一般未來時例1Whenthemixture_____,itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce.A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheatedD.hasheated例2pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou______.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come▲用目前完畢時替代未來完畢時例3Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe_______militaryservice.A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish注意例4Noonecanbesureifthecarondisplayfitshimorheruntilheorshe______them.A.triesB.willtryC.aretryingD.havetried4.考試小竅門◆考試中假如碰到與完畢時態有關的選項要重點加以研讀一般說來是對的答案。二、情態動詞1.幾種情態動詞的否認式的含義can’tmaynotmustn’tneed’t2.表達推測的幾種情態動詞使用方法★must表達肯定的推測意思是“一定”+do對目前狀況的推測must+havedone對過去狀況的推測例1I________asleepinthecorner,forIremembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenightA.mightfallB.mustfallC.musthavefallenD.canhavefallen★can’t/could’t表達否認的推測意思是“不也許”+do對目前狀況的推測can’t/couldn’t+havedone對過去狀況的推測★may/mightnot表達也許性很小的推測意思是“也許?”+do對目前狀況的推測may/might+havedone對過去狀況的推測3.情態動詞的完畢時虛擬語氣的使用方法needn’thavedoneshouldhavedoneshouldnothavedoneoughttohavedonecouldhavedone4.考試小竅門在碰到情態動詞加完畢時和情態動詞加原形同步出現的狀況下一般說來情態動詞加完畢時是對的答案。×Mustdo√Musthavedone三、虛擬語氣考試重點1.條件句中的虛擬語氣例IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI______him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.wouldknow例Ifabettermaterial______,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using條件句中的虛擬語氣需要注意如下三點假如條件句中有were,had,should時可以把if省略然後把這三個單詞提前形成倒裝。例3_____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.A.IfhetookB.ifheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken含蓄條件句中虛擬語氣的應用三級考試中常常出現的三個句型Butfor/without?????,otherwise/or???,but/though?.例Butforyourhelp,I_____theworkintime.A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishA.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished例Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe例Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcomeC.couldcomeD.hadcome例Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney,butwehalfwayA.gaveupB.hadgivenupgiveupD.weretogiveup錯綜時間條件句例IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.2.(should)+動詞原形在某些從句中的應用(1)當賓語從句從的謂語是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等動詞時,如:例Isuggestedthatweshouldgothereonfoot.注意:當insist表達堅持認為之意時,不用虛擬語氣,用陳說語氣.如:例Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney(2)Itisordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等後的主語從句中例Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight(3)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞之後的表語從句和同位語從句中.如:例Mysuggestionisthatweshouldholdameetingthisevening3.wish後的賓與從句中應當用虛擬語氣4.ifonly引導的感慨句中5.asif/asthough引導的狀語從句中6.wouldrather後的句子的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式7.itis(high)timethat?.句型中,從句的謂語動詞用過去式四、非謂語動詞1.不定式不定式的邏輯主語例Theroadiswildenoughforcarstopassby.例Itisimportantforyoutoworkhard.例Itiskindofyoutohelpme.不定式的時態和語態例Themagnificentmuseumissaid_____aboutahundredyearsago.A.tobebuiltB.tohavebeenbuiltC.tohavebuiltD.tohavebeingbuilt使用不帶to的不定式1)whynotdo表達委婉的提議例Whynot_____ProfessorLiforhelpHeiskind-heartedandwillingtohelp.A.askB.youaskC.toaskD.yourasking2)使役動詞have,make,let的背面接不定式做賓語補足語時用省to的不定式。例Theteacherhasthestudents_____acompositioneveryotherweek.A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write例Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg_____A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking例Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself_____A.hearingB.beingtoldC.tohearD.heard3)表達生理感覺的動詞如see,watch,notice,observe,hear背面接不定式做賓語補足語時用省to的不定式。例Withtearsonherface,theoldladywatchedthelittleboy_____toahospital.A.sendB.tobesentC.beingsentD.sending4)dosomethingbut/exceptdo例Thereisnothingwecando_____wait.A.butB.ratherthanC.inspiteofC.besides.5)記住下列不帶to的短語can’tbutcan’thelpbuthadbetter2.動名詞1.有些動詞背面既可以接動名詞又可以接不定式但意思有差異rememberforgetregretstopgoonmean2.背面跟動名詞的固定句式havetrouble/problems/difficultdoingsomethingfeellikespend/waste?doingsomethingcan’thelpneed/deserve/wantbeworthwhatabout/howabout3.分詞分詞作表語獨立主格構造例1Duringthediscussion,MrBoydremainedsilentwhenaskinghisopinion.ABCD例2Yourexperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore_______A.handedtheminB.themhandinginC.beinghandedinD.handingthemin例_______intheairfuelsgiveoffheat.A.TburnB.BurnedC.TbeburnedD.Beingburned五、狀語從句趙文通考試重點1時間狀語從句★while/when/as/until★一?就?nosooner?than/hardly?when/scarcely?when★themomenttheminutetheinstant★固定句型Itis/hasbeen?.since?1.原因狀語從句nowthatinthat2.條件狀語從句unlessaslongasprovidedthat3.讓步狀語從句asthoughalthoughevenifeventhoughwhilewhatever六、平行構造and,or,butPrefer引出的平行構造PrefersomethingtosomethingPreferdoingsomethingtodoingsomethingPrefertodosomethingratherthandosomethingPrefer的特殊使用方法Prefersomebodytodosomething:IpreferyoutospeakEnglishintheclass.1、anumberof,thenumberofanumberof+可數名詞謂語用復數意為許多大量的??thenumberof+可數名詞謂語用單數意為??的數目2、able,capable,competentable為常用詞指具有做某事所需的力量技巧知識與時間等搭配是beabletodo。如Acatisabletoseeinthedark.貓在黑暗中能看見東西。capable指滿足一般規定的能力搭配是becapableof+doing。competent指“勝任”“合格”或受過專業技術等訓練的但不是超群的能力。如Adoctorshouldbecompetenttotreatmanydiseases.醫生應當能治多種病。3、aboveallafterallatall;inallaboveall意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”常位于句首或句中作插入語起強調作用。如ButabovealltellmequicklywhatIhavetodo可首先快些告訴我該做什么。afterall意為“畢竟”、“究竟”、“終歸”、“究竟”在句中位置較靈活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如Afterallyourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway畢竟兩周後就是你的生曰。Heisafterallasmallchild他畢竟還是個小孩子。Hefailedafterall他終于失敗了。atall用于否認句時意為“絲毫主線”用于疑問句時意為“究竟究竟”用于條件句時常譯為“當真實在”。用于肯定句中表達說話人的某種情緒或情感如懷疑或驚奇等意為“居然”等。如Hedoesn’tlikeyouatall他主線不喜歡你。Areyougoingtodoitatall你究竟做不做這件事Ifyoudoitatalldoitwell若你真要做這件事就得做好。Iwassurprisedathiscomingatall他居然來了我很驚訝。inall意為“總共”既可放在句首也可放在句末。如Thereare25,000Inuitinall(Inall,thereare25,000Inuit)這兒共有25,000因努伊特人。4、aboard,abroad,board,broadaboard在船或飛機車上。如Ineverwentaboardaship.abroad副詞在國外或海外。如Heoftengoesabroad.board為動詞上船飛機車。如Thepassengersareboardingtheplanenow.broad為形容詞廣闊的。如Hehasverybroadshoulders.5、accept,receiveaccept接受receive“接到”“收到”。如Ireceivedaninvitationyesterday,butIdidn’tacceptit.昨天我收到了一種請柬但并沒有接受邀請。6、accident,incident,eventaccident事故。如atrafficaccident交通事故incident“附帶事件”在政治上特指導起國際爭端或戰爭的事件事變。event“事件”指尤其重要的事件一般是由此前的努力而產生的成果也指國家和社會的事件。7-accurate,correct,exact,preciseaccurate精確的精確的。如Clocksinrailwaystationsshouldbeaccurate.火車站的鐘應當是精確的。correct“對的的”指符合一定的原則或準則具有“無錯誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect,wrong.exact“精確的”“恰好的”比“大體上對的”更深入表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。precise強調“精確”“精密”。8、accuse,charge,sueaccuse指責指控常與of搭配。如Hisbossaccusedhimofcarelessness.charge常與with搭配。如Thepolicechargedthedriverwithrecklessdriving.sue常與for搭配。如Smithsuedhisneighborfordamaginghishouse9、acquire,require,inquireacquire獲得獲得學到。如acquireknowledge獲得知識inquire打聽問詢。如inquireaperson’sname問一種人的姓名require需要。如Werequiremorehelp.我們需要更多的協助。10、adopt,adaptadopt收養。如Sincetheyhavenochildr