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三峽大學

2015年研究生入學考試試題(B卷)

考試科目代碼：_79E科目名稱：綜合英語

考試時間：3小時試卷面總分：150分

(答案必須寫在答題紙上)

I.ChoosetherightonefromA.B.C.Dforeachblank:(20分)

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1.Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpolitical

parties,theytheissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

(A)complicated(B)avoided(C)attestedto(D)agreedon

2.Thenotionthatculturalandbiologicalinfluencesdeterminecross-cultural

diversityisdiscreditedbythefactthat,incountlessaspectsofhumanexistence,it

isculturalprogrammingthatoverwhelminglyaccountsforcross-population

variance.

(A)jointly(B)completely(C)directly(D)equally

3.Scholars*senseoftheuniquenessofthecentralconceptofthestateatthetime

whenpoliticalsciencebecameanacademicfieldquitenaturallyledtostrivingfor

acorrespondinglymodeofstudy.

(A)thorough(B)distinctive(C)dependable(D)scientific

4.Whilethedelegateclearlysoughttotheoptimismthathasemergedrecently,

shestoppedshortofsuggestingthattheconferencewasnearcollapseandmight

producenothingofsignificance.

(A)substantiate(B)dampen(C)encourage(D)elucidate

5.Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowerto

dominateallothers,theymustdependon.

(A)allies(B)resources(C)freedom(D)education

6.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably

athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.

(A)nomore(B)notmore(C)evenmore(D)muchmore

7.Thepaintingheboughtatthestreetmarkettheotherdaywasaforgery.

(A)man-made(B)natural(C)crude(D)real

8.Acommonargumentclaimsthatinfolkart,theartisfssubordinationoftechnical

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masterytointensefeelingthedirectcommunicationofemotiontothe

viewer.

(A)facilitates(B)neutralizes(C)implies(D)represses

9.Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;they

areavailablethesedays.

(A)promptly(B)instantly(C)readily(D)quickly

10.Accordingtothenewtaxlaw,anymoneyearnedoverthatlevelistaxedatthe

of59percent.

(A)ratio(B)percentage(C)proportion(D)rate

11.Westoodstill,gazingoutoverthelimitlessofthedessert.

(A)space(B)expanse(C)stretch(D)land

12.Arecentsurveyshowsthat,whileninety-fourpercentofcompaniesconducting

management-trainingprogramsopenthemtowomen,womenareonly

seventy-fourpercentofthoseprograms.

(A)protestingagainst(B)participatingin(C)displeasedby(D)allowedin

13.Dependenceonforeignsourcesofheavymetals,though,remainsaproblem

forUnitedStatesforeignpolicy.

(A)deepening(B)diminishing.(C)excessive(D)debilitating

14.Thenewbornhumaninfantisnotapassivefigure,noranactiveone,butwhat

mightbecalledanactivelyone,eagerlyattentiveasitistosightsand

sounds.

(A)adaptive(B)selective(C)inquisitive(D)receptive

15.Thereisperhapssometruthinthatwaggisholddefinitionofascholar-asirenthat

callsattentiontoafbgwithoutdoinganythingtoit.

(A)describe(B)cause(C)analyze(D)dispel

16.Heavilyperfumedwhiteflowers,suchasgardenias,werefavoriteswithcollectors

intheeighteenthcentury,whenwasvaluedmuchmorehighlythanitis

today.

(A)scent(B)beauty(C)elegance(D)color

17.Inamostimpressivedemonstration,PavarottisailedthroughVerdi*sCeleste

Aida,normallyatenor's,withthecasualenthusiasmofafolksinger

performingoneofhisfavoriteballads.

(A)pitfall(B)glory(C)nightmare(D)delight

18.Manyoftheearliestcolonialhousesthatarestillstandinghavebeensomodified

andenlargedthatthedesignisnolongerdiscernible.

(A)pertinent(B)initial(C)embellished(D)appropriate

19.Aleadingchemistbelievesthatmanyscientistshavedifficultywith

stereochemistrybecausemuchoftherelevantnomenclatureis,inthatit

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combinesconceptsthatshouldbekept.

(A)obscure...interrelated(B)specialized...intact

(C)imprecise...discrete(D)descriptive...separate

20.In1890thereweremanyAmericancitiesandtownswherepartofaday'sschool

instructionwasconductedinlanguagesEnglish.

A.morethanB.exceptC.otherthanD.exceptfor

II.Choosetherightwordfromthelistgivenbelowforeachblank:(10分)

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relationshipsintroducedeconomicallydiffersupervenient

physicallyglobalincludementalhavehandleproperties

Superveniencehastraditionallybeenusedtodescribe(1)betweensetsof

propertiesinamannerwhichdoesnotimplyastrongreductiverelationship.For

example,manyholdthateconomicpropertiessuperveneonphysicalproperties,in

thatiftwoworldswereexactlythesamephysically,theywouldalsobethesame(2)

.Therearealsoseveralkindsofglobalsuperveniencerelations,whichwere

(3)tohandlecasesinwhichworldsarethesameatthebaselevelandalso

atthe(4)level,butwherethewaysthepropertiesareconnectedanddistributed

intheworlds(5).Forexample,itisconsistentwith(6)mental-physical

supervenienceonthesimpleformulationdescribedabovefortwoworldsto(7)

thesamenumberofpeopleinthesamephysicalstates,butfbrthe(8)mental

statestobedistributedoverthosepeopleindifferentways.To(9)this,

property-preservingisomorphismsareused,andoncethisisdone,severalvarietiesof

globalsuperveniencecanbedefined.Othervarietiesofsupervenience(10)

multiple-domainssupervenienceandsimilarity-basedsupervenience

HI.Readthefollowingtextscarefullyandthenmakeacorrectchoicetoanswer

thequestionsaftereachtext:(40分)

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TEXTA

ChildrenintheUKarenotreadingenoughathome,favoringtelevisionand

computergamesinstead,accordingtonewresearch.

ThesurveyconductedearlierthismonthbyNestleBoxTopsfbrBooks,which

askedparentsabouttheirchildren'sreadinghabits,foundthathalfofUKchildren

spendlessthantwohoursreadingperweek.Afurtheronein10hadnotreadabook

inthepastmonth,andofthosewhodoreadregularly,oneinfouravoidnon-fiction

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titles.Morethanhalfoftheparentssurveyedbelievedtheirchildrenshouldread

morenon-fictionbooks.

"Itisessentialthatyoungchildrenreadatleastonebookaweekand,inparticular,

educationalbooks,°saidfamilycounselorJenniTrentHughes.

Butothersbelievesuchasternapproachtoreadingmaynothelpchildren,"We

canturnchildrenoffitbysimplysayingit'ssomethingtheymustbedoing,nsaid

AmeliaFoster,whorunsReadingConnectsfortheNationalLiteracyTrust,an

organizationthatencouragesreadingforpleasuretoenhanceclassroomachievement.

MsFostersaidthesurveyresultsmightnotgivechildrenenoughcredit.Previous

studieshavefoundthat75%of11to18-year-oldsenjoyedreading,and83%readin

theirsparetime.

Pastreadingsurveyshavefounddistinctdifferencesinthereadinghabitsofboys

andgirls.Girlstendtobemoreenthusiasticaboutreadingingeneral,butparticularly

fiction(perhapshelpingtoexplainwhyJacquelineWilson,authorofSleepoversand

BadGirls,isthemostborrowedauthorfrompubliclibraries),whileboysaredrawn

tobooksaboutaplace,subject,orhobbythatintereststhem.

NicolaDavies,authorofPoo:ANaturalHistoryoftheUnmentionable,saidwhile

workingwithunderachievingboysshefoundtheyrespondedtonon-fictionbetter

thanfiction."Youcangetthemtowritepoetrybuttheywon*treadit,"shesaid.

MsDavieswouldliketoseechildren'snon-fictiontakeoffinthewayadult

non-fictionhasinrecentyears,thankslargelytotitleslikeLongitudethatemploy

strongnarratives.Thismayencourageboystoreadmore,shesaid.

"There'salotofreallycrapnon-fictionoutthere.It'sabsolute'paintbynumbers,

pilethemhigh,andsellthemcheap*.Butit'snotreallyaddressingtheissue.

Non-fictionasitiscuttingoffawholerouteintoreading,especiallyforboys,"added

MsDavies.

Buttheconsequencesofthesetrendsmayrundeeper.Someworrythatsteering

clearofnon-fictionmayeffectthedevelopmentofachild'simagination,evengoing

sofarastoimpacttheirfuturecareerchoices.

NicolaJonescreditsherchoiceofstudyingzoologyatuniversitytoherchildhood

EncyclopediaBritannica."Therewasthisfantasticbitinthebackontransparencies

ofhumanbodies,anditabsolutelyfiredmyimaginationabouttheworkingsofthe

humanbody.Children'simaginationneedsallsortsoffuel.Andthat'swhatsgoingto

drivethem,givethemintrinsicmotivation.It'swhatmakesyourintellectualcarsgo."

ForthisreasonMsJonesisplanningaconferencenextyearthatwilladdresshow

non-fictioncanbetransformedintosomethingmorechildrenwillwanttoread.

Questions1-5

1.Whichofthefollowingbelongstonon-fiction?

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A.Encyclopedia.B.Novel.C.Poetry.D.Shortstory.

2.Whafsthedifferencebetweengirlsandboysintheirreadinghabits?

A.Girlsreadextensivelywhileboysfocusonbooksofparticulartopics.

B.Girlshavebetterreadinghabitsthanboys.

C.Girlsarereadingforenrichingknowledgewhileboysarereadingforfun.

D.Girlsaremoreinterestedinfictionthanboys.

3.WhatdoesMs.Daviesmeanbysaying"Non-fictionasitiscuttingoffawhole

routeintoreading,especiallyforboys.”？

A.Youngpeople,especially,boyscan'teasilygetaccesstogoodbooksof

non-fiction.

B.Alotofgoodnon-fictionbooksarecomingoutintothemarket.

C.Suchkindsofnon-fictionareerodingintothereadinghabitsofyoungpeople

especiallyboys.

D.Non-fictionbookshavebeenisolatedfromourreadingexperience.

4.What'stheaimofNicolaJonesbyquotingherpersonalexperienceinthelast

paragraph?

A.Sheemphasizedtheimportanceofimaginationforchildren.

B.ShewantstoprovethatreadingEncyclopediaisimportantfbrchildren.

C.Shewantstotellpeoplehowtostimulatechildren'smotivation.

D.Sheprovesthatnon-fictioncanalsofiretheimaginationofchildren.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothispassage?

A.Mostoftheparentsundersurveythinkchildrenshouldreadmorenon-fiction

thanfiction.

B.NationalLiteracyTrustencourageschildrentotreatreadingasalaborof

love.

C.Thestatus-quoofbooksofnon-fictioninthemarketissatisfying.

D.Non-fictioncontributesmore.thanfictiontofiledevelopmentofchildren's

intellect.

TEXTB

Givingpsychologiststheoptiontobecometrainedprescribersmaycreatea

divisionamongpsychologistswherebysomewillbeabletoprescribeandotherswill

not.Asaresult,majordiscordcouldemerge.Itispossiblethatpsychologistswiththe

righttoprescribemayconsiderthemselvessuperiortothosewithouttheright.If

gainingprescriptionprivilegeswouldleadtobroaderthird-partypaymentsorfull

hospitalprivilegesfbrthosequalifiedtoprescribe,psychologistsunabletodosomay

feelthattheyhavebeenaccordedsecondclassstatusintheirprofession.

Thedebate,thusfar,hasfocusedonthetrainingnecessarytograntpsychologists

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prescriptionprivileges.Althoughthismatterisimportant,ofmorebasicconcernare

treatmentimplicationsandthefutureroleofpsychologists.Prescriptionprivileges

couldmovepsychologistsclosertoamedicalmodelandfurtherawayfromtheir

historicalgoal.Psychologybeganinthelate19thcenturyasanapplicationfor

psychologicaltechniques.Itsfocushasbeenonassessment,behavioralinterventions,

consultation,andappliedresearch.Beforethewidespreaduseofpsychotropic

medications,psychiatryemphasizedthepracticeofpsychotherapy.Gradually,

psychiatrymovedtowardincreasedrelianceondrugsandawayfrompsychotherapy.

Itispossible,overtime,thatpsychologists,likepsychiatrists,couldbecomemore

influencedbytheuseofmedication.

Despitetheargumentthatprescriptionprivilegessignificantlymayalter

traditionalpsychotherapeuticimplications,somepsychologistsstronglyfeelthatthey

wouldbelookeduponmorefavorably,gainprestige,andincreasetheircaseloadff

theycouldhavethesamestatusofprescribingmedicationaspsychiatristsdo.Does

thismeanthatalackofprescriptionprivilegespromotestheimageofpsychologyas

aninferiorprofessiontopsychiatry?Contrarytothisargumentisthefactthat

psychologistsaredeliveringmoreoutpatientmentalhealthcarethananyothergroup

ofproviders.

Whateversomepsychologistsmayperceiveasatherapeuticdrawbackbecause

theyareunabletoofferprescriptionsforpsychotropicmedicationsapparentlyisnot

recognizedbythegeneralpublic.Psychologistsmayhaveflourishedbecausethey

haveofferedaclearanddistinctservicefrompsychiatry.Theuseofmedicationmay

sendamessagetopatientsthatmayinterferewithpersonalchangeandgrowth.

Medicationscanundercutpsychotherapyeffortsbyimplyingthatbenefitscomefrom

externalagents,notfromonesowneffortsatchangeandgrowth.

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenonmedicationorientationof

psychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatients

seekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernonmedical

therapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologistsprescriptionprivilegescould

haveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Questions6…10

6.Prescriptionprivilegesmayleadtoprofessionaldiscordmainlybecause.

A.patientswouldturntothosequalifiedtoprescribe

B.notallpsychologistswouldgaintherighttoprescribe

C.trainedprescribersareoutstandingintheircareer

D.psychologicaltechniqueswouldbecomesecondchoice

7.Intheeyesofgeneralpublic,.

A.psychologyisaninferiorprofessiontopsychiatry

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B.inabilitytoofferprescriptionputpsychologistsatatherapeuticdisadvantage

C.medicationdiminishestheeffectivenessofpsychotherapy

D.prescriptionprivilegescouldraisethepsychologistsimage.

8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatifpsychologistscouldprescribe,.

A.itwouldleadtobroaderthird-partypayment

B.theywouldbelookeduponmorefavorably

C.theircaseloadwouldincrease

D.theymightbecomemoreinfluencedbytheuseofdrugs

9.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe.

A.FutureRoleofPsychologists

B.PrescribingMedications:aReasonableChoice

C.PsychologyversusPsychiatry

D.PrescriptionPrivileges&PsychotropicMedications

10.Theword"accord"(Line6,Paragraph1)means

A.tograntB.toagreeC.toconformD.tobring

TEXTC

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaround

effortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethan

afashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithone

another.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeople

typicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubts

aboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthem

andthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlancErwinofForresterResearch.Some

companiesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywith

establishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnology

availableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedon

strategiesto"pull"customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,software

companieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push'*informationdirectly

outtoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.

Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinually

updatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers9computermonitors.

Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectly

toacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingto

usesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,product

offerings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWeb

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users.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothe

screencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthe

screenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That'sa

prospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresortto

pushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,Amazon,com,

andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththe

rightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.And

thecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignfbrany

enterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnow

maywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

Questions11—15

11.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness.

A.hasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarket

B.intendedtofollowafancifulfashion

C.triedbutinvaintocontrolthemarket

D.hasbeenboomingforoneyearorso

12.Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimplies

that.

A.thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusers

B.businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactions

C.thereisaradicalchangeinstrategy

D.itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners

13.IntheviewofNetpurists,.

A.thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlineculture

B.moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWeb

C.theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevisionset

D.thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequests

14.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

A.pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternetcommerce

B.interactivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonlinecustomers

C.leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecadesago

D.settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingpower

15.Thewordnpurists"(Paragraph3)inthecontextprobablymeans

A.onewhopracticesorurgesstrictcorrectness

B.thequalityofbeingpure

C.freefromdirt

D.notmixedwithanythingelse

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TEXTD

LindaRandolphgottoknowHarlemthroughitschildren.Shetrainedasa

pediatricianthere,andherloveforthecommunitywasstillfreshinhermindyears

laterwhenshebecameaphilanthropist."Iwasalwaysstruckbysomeofthenegative

stereotypes...versuswhatIsawintermsofthestrengthsofmanyofthefamilies

livinginHarlem,"shesays.nIrealizedthatperhapsweweren'tcapitalizingonthose

strengthsasmuchaswecould,andthatthereoughttobeawayfbrmepersonallyto

givebacktothecommunitythathelpedmetobecomeadoctor/In1998shefounded

theFundfbrGreaterHarlem,designedtogivegrantstounsungheroeswhoare

meetingkeyneedssuchaseducationandhealthcare.

Longoverlooked,donationsbyminoritiesaregainingattentionandclout.Inthe

NewYorkmetroregion,forexample,arecentstudyof166donorsofcolorfoundthat

theircharitablegivinginthepastyearrangedfrom$200to$1million,withthe

medianat$5,000.That'shigherthanthemedianforalldonorsinNewYorkState-

about$4,000—althoughtheintervieweesalsohadincomesthatwerehigherthan

average.WithAfrican-Americans,Latinos,andAsian-Americansnowthemajority

populationsofNewYorkandotherlargeAmericancities,tappingintotheir

charitableimpulsesbecomesmoreimportant.nWhatwe'reseeingistheharvestofthe

generationthat'sbeenabletoscalemoreofthecorporateladders/1saysEricaHunt,

executivedirectorofTheTwenty-FirstCenturyFoundation,whichfocusesonblack

philanthropy.

Afterdecadesofcutbacksinpublicfundingforsocialservices,there'sa

concertedeffortunderwaytocapitalizeontheirgrowingaffluence.Oneexampleis

theCoalitionfbrNewPhilanthropy,whichconductedtheNewYorkinterviewsto

understandwhatmotivatesdonorsofcolor-andtopromotemore-strategicgiving.

Schoolsandothereducationalprogramswerethetopprioritiesformanyofthese

donors.Morethan60percentoftheAfrican-AmericansandLatinosunderage40

gaveoneoftheirtwobiggestgiftstoeducation.Becausesomanymoreeducational

choiceswereopentothemthantotheirparents,"there'safocusondisadvantaged

youngpeopleandhowthoseopportunitiescanbere-createdforcoininggenerations/

saysMs.Hunt,whosefoundationisamemberofthecoalition.Ofthe13percentof

minoritydonorswhogavetheirprimarygiftsoutsidethecountry,manyofthemalso

directedthemoneytoeducationorjobtrainingratherthanrespondingtocrisesor

endingremittancestofamily.

Youngerdonorsaremorelikelythantheirover-40counterpartstodonateto

groupsthatdon'tlimittheirservicestoaparticularracialorethnicgroup.Andyoung

professionalswanttoseenonprofitgroupsapplybusinessprinciplestotheirwork.

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"Theabilitytoinfluenceandtomakeadifferenceisphenomenalwhenyou

understandwhat'sgoingoninthecapitalmarketsand...onWallStreet/1ayoung

Latinofinancial-servicesprofessionalsaidinthereport.

That*snottosaythatmoneyisreplacingthetraditionofdonatingtime.Ninety

percentofthedonorsalsosaidtheydovolunteerwork,andmanygivetheirmoneyto

thenonprofitgroupswithwhichtheyhaveapersonalconnection.Butcreating

benchmarksthatshowthelevelsofgivinginethniccommunitiescanshiftthe

conversationabouthowtoeffectchange,Huntsays.

Forexample,African-Americangivingwaslargelyinvisiblesevenoreightyears

ago,shesays.Butrecentphilanthropystudieshaveshownthatsomeofthemost

generousplacesintheUSareurbanareaswithlargenumbersofAfrican-Americans.

"Havingthatunderstandinghelpspeopletocometothetableinadifferentway,"

Huntsays."They'renotcomingcompletelyassupplicants,they'recomingas

communitieswithresourceswhoarenowreadytobuildthekindsofpartnershipsthat

addresstheselong-standingneeds."

AsforMs.Randolph,herfamilyalwayshadvolunteeredandgivenmoneyto

Churchandsocialorganizations.Butshesawherfundforunsungheroesasan

opportunitytocontributemoredirectlytohergoals."Isetabouttoencourage,cajole,

wheedle,andotherwiseexhortmycolleaguesandfriends...thatbygivingsmall

amountofmoneyonaconsistentbasisovertime,thewholecouldbegreaterthanthe

sumofitsparts,"shesays.

Questions16?一20

16.WhatdoesLindaRandolphmeanbytheword''strength,,inthefirstparagraph?

A.Growingaffluence.

B.Strongwilltomakeabetterliving.

C.Powertoleadacomfortablelife.

D.Capabilitytoraisetheirchildrenandgivethemgoodeducation.

17.Explainthefollowingsentence:"Whatwe'reseeingistheharvestofthe

generationthat'sbeenabletoscalemoreofthecoiporateladders..."

A.African-Americans,Latinos,andAsian-Americansnowbecomethemajority

populationsofNewYorkandotherlargeAmericancities.

B.Tappingintocharitableimpulsesofthoseminoritiesbecomesmoreimportant.

C.Sincemoreminoritieshavebeenpromotedtoimportantpositionsin

corporations,theycontributemoremoneytocharity.

D.Sincemoreminoritieshavebeenabletomeasuretheirimportancein

corporations,theynowcanearnmoremoneythanbefore.

18.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.MinoritiesintheUnitedStatesnowdonatemoremoneythanthewhite

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