Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandusageReview非謂語不定式V-ingV-ed作定語作結果狀語作定語作狀語作賓語補足語pastparticipleasattributives過去分詞作定語，與所修飾的詞構成被動關系。1.不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,有主動和完成意義。eg.Theroadiscoveredwithfallenleaves.=Theroadiscoveredwithleavesthathavefallen.2.及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,一般兼有被動和完成的意義。eg.Usedcarsarelessexpensive.=Carsthathavebeenusedarelessexpensive.3.單個動詞-ed形式作定語，常置于被修飾詞之前；動詞-ed形式短語作定語，常置于被修飾詞之后。eg.Heisarespectedteacher.Thescientificadvancesmentionedinyourarticleareinteresting.過去分詞與現在分詞作定語，有何區別？fallenleavesfallingleaves過去分詞與現在分詞作定語的區別adevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry(發展中國家)（發達國家）fadingflowersfadedflowers(正在凋謝的花)（已經凋謝的花）thechangingworldthechangedworld（正在變化的世界）（變化了的世界）現在分詞表示動作正在進行，過去分詞表示動作已完成情感動詞的V-ing表“令人…...”,V-ed表“感到…...”disappointingnewsdisappointedpeopleexciting

storyexcitedpeople令人失望的消息感到失望的人們激動人心的故事(感到)激動的人們

Practice1.TheEMS

(post)yesterdaywillreachmybrotherinthreedays.2.Tellthechildren__________(play)outsidenottomaketwomuchnoise.3.Thewolfyelledina____________voiceandLilyfelt____________.(frighten)4.Thisistheproblem_________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.postedplayingfrighteningfrighteneddiscussed

pastparticipleasadverbials過去分詞作狀語，表示被動或完成，其邏輯主語與主句的主語要保持一致。過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句，在句中一般能作五種狀語，即時間、原因、條件、讓步和方式狀語。如：作時間狀語Askedwhathadhappen,hekeptsilent.=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.作原因狀語Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.=Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.作條件狀語Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.作讓步狀語Leftaloneathome,thelittleboy

didn'tfeelafraidatall.=Althoughhe

wasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.作伴隨或方式狀語Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.=Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbysomestudents.V-ed作狀語有時可保留連詞，構成“連詞+V-ed”結構，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if等連詞)+V-ed。1.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.When

itis

heated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Unlessinvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.Unless

Iam

invited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主動關系；過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的被動關系。eg.Hewentout,________(shut)thedoorbehindhim.

他出去后將門隨手關上。

_______(give)moreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多給這個孩子一些鼓勵，他本來會表現得更好。shuttingGiven

Practice1._______(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。2.________(read)carefully,hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.他仔細讀書時，發現了一些從前不知道的東西。3.______________(finish)hishomework,hewenthome.完成了作業，他就回家了。WrittenReadingHavingfinished

pastparticipleasobjectcomplementsV-ed作賓語補足語表示被動或完成的意義。V-ed與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系。動詞-ed形式可在see、hear、notice、feel、have、make、keep、leave等動詞后作賓語補足語。如：IhaveneverheardthissongsunginEnglish.

Practice1._______(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。2.________(read)carefully,hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.他仔細讀書時，發現了一些從前不知道的東西。3.______________(finish)hishomework,hewenthome.完成了作業，他就回家了。WrittenReadingHavingfinishedApplyingtherulesReadthesciencemagazinearticleonP48andanswerthefollowingquestion.PleasecompletethetableinpartA.Verb-edformasanattributivesomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformasanadverbialVerb-edformasanobjectcomplementthepreparedmindSurprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.getitsmassproductionstartedWorkingouttherules1.Theverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)________(active/passive)meaning.2.Theverb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranoun

orpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)________________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).3.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclauseRewritethefollowingsentencesusingaverb-edformasanattributives,adverbialorobjectcomplement.1.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipment