/2020年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語考試逐題解析第一局部：知識運用〔共兩節(jié),45分〕第一節(jié)語法填空〔共10小題；每題1.5分,共15分〕閱讀以下短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。A At8,Istartedtakingartlessons(1)________(improve)mypaintingskills.However,later,IfoundthatIfocusedtoomuchonmasteringdifferenttechniques.Eventually,Ibecamemoredistressedwhenmyexpectationsweren’tmatched. So,inthe11thGrade,Ireturnedtothebasics.On(2)________sketchbookIforcedmyselftodrawwhateverinterestedme.Overtime,Ihavebeenreleasedfromthetightcontrol.Ihavelearnedthatagoodpaintingisnotabouthavingperfecttechnique.Infact,allIneedtodoistrustmy(3)________(create)talentsandfindmomentsofjoyinlife.1.【答案】 toimprove【解析】 此題考察非謂語做狀語；提示詞improve為動詞,句子中,前面的代詞I與名詞lessons,都不能充當improve的主語,所以improve需要做非謂語。按照三步式解題：1〕其邏輯主語是I；2〕improve與邏輯主語之間是主動關系；3〕且improve動作發(fā)生在starttaking之后,故使用不定式。在句子中充當目的狀語。翻譯為“在8歲時,我開場學習藝術課程,去改良我的繪畫技能。〞故正確答案是toimprove。2.【答案】 a【解析】 此題考察冠詞；此題無提示詞,且位置是在介詞后名詞前,考慮冠詞。冠詞分為泛指和特指,由于此題前面沒有出現過sketchbook,可以使用冠詞a,句意為“我強迫自己在速寫本上畫任何讓我感興趣的東西〞,故正確答案是a。3.【答案】 creative【解析】 此題考察詞性變換；此題提示詞為create,是動詞。在句子中處于形容詞性物主代詞my和名詞talents之間,需要充當定語。creativetalents那么是“創(chuàng)造才能〞。結合本句中,翻譯為“實際上,我所需要去做的就是相信我的創(chuàng)造才能和找到生命中的歡樂〞,故正確答案是creative。B Inrecentyears,trampolining(蹦床)hasbecomeanewcrazeamongChineseyouths.Shortvideos(4)________(show)people’sexcitementaboutjumpingbackandforthonthecolorfultrampolinesareregularlyuploadedtosocialmedia.Mostvideosfeatureteenagers,butadultstoohavejumpedonthetrend,hopingtorelivetheirchildhood. Comparedwithsoccer,basketball,tennisoranyothercompetitivesports,(5)________variousinjuriesoccurfromtimetotime,trampoliningisrelatively(6)________(safe).However,preparationandsafetyalwayscomefirst.Youmustdowarm-upexercisesbeforeplayingandyoucan’tloseconcentrationduringthemovements.4.【答案】 showing【解析】 此題考察非謂語做后置定語；提示詞show為動詞,需要考慮做謂語或者非謂語。將這句子中的謂語動詞找出來,后面有一個areuploaded,然后匹配主語。可以看到前面的excitement〔動詞賓語〕,jumping〔介賓〕,trampolines〔介賓〕,都不能充當其主語。又因為這個謂語動詞是被動,結合其詞意,只能斷定其主語是shortvideos。所以提示詞show,只能充當非謂語。使用三步式解題：1〕其邏輯主語是shortvideos；2〕show一般做“顯示〞詞意時,用主動；3〕而和主句的謂語動詞uploaded比擬,不能在其之后,所以選擇使用showing做后置定語。翻譯為“那些顯示人們在彩色蹦床上蹦來蹦去獲得歡樂的短視頻,被頻繁上傳到社交媒體上。〞故正確答案是showing。5.【答案】 where【解析】 此題考察定語從句；空格處無提示詞,并且后面是一個句子,考慮是從句。因為前面是非謂語做狀語,并且存在一系列名詞可以充領先行詞,如soccer,basketball,tennis,anyothercompetitivesports,本空格所在句子是完好的〔主謂〕,需要填寫的是狀語局部。所以填寫where,等同于inwhich,翻譯為“在這些運動中,各種各樣的傷害時不時發(fā)生〞。故正確答案是where。6.【答案】 safer【解析】 此題考察形容詞；提示詞safe為形容詞,位置處于is后,考慮詞性為形容詞,且有relatively修飾,詞意為“相對地〞,所以,使用比擬級。翻譯為“蹦床相對平安〞,故正確答案是safer。C AnewreportshowsthatChina’surbanpetconsumermarket(7)________(expect)tobreakthroughthe200billionyuanthresholdthisyear.Youngpeopleinbigcitiesarethemaincontributors. Nowadays,withthecostoflivingrising,youngpeople(8)________(suffer)fromgreaterlonelinessandpressure.Theyarebusyworkingalldayinacompetitiveenvironment,leavinglittletimeforfunandfriends.Thatmayexplain(9)________moreandmoreyoungpeoplearechoosingtokeeppets(10)________companionship.Apartfromrelievingloneliness,manyscientificstudieshaveshownthatkeepingapetreducesstressandmayevenimproveoverallhealth.7.【答案】 isexpected【解析】 此題考察謂語動詞；提示詞expect為動詞,考慮謂語動詞或者非謂語動詞,由于前面China’surbanpetconsumermarket,可以充當expect的主語,所以斷定expect做謂語。另外,expect這個詞,beexpectedto意為“意料；預計〞,翻譯為“中國城市寵物消費市場預計今年將打破2000億門檻。〞故正確答案是isexpected。8.【答案】 aresuffering【解析】 此題考察謂語動詞；提示詞suffer是動詞,且句中沒有謂語動詞,所以斷定suffer做謂語。本句有自己的時間提示詞nowadays,斷定時態(tài)是如今時,且根據句意確定為如今進展時；語態(tài)為主動；主語為youngpeople復數〔可以結合下句they斷定〕。故正確答案是aresuffering。9.【答案】 why【解析】 此題考察名從；空格處無提示詞。空格處是一個句子,且處于mayexplain后,所以斷定為賓語從句。句子構造完好,且根據句意“那可以解釋〔為什么〕越來越多的年輕人選擇寵物做伴〞。故正確答案是why。10.【答案】 for【解析】 此題考察介詞；空格處無提示詞,位置處于名詞pets和companionship之間。只能考慮連詞或者介詞。根據句意“養(yǎng)寵物做伴〞。故正確答案是for。

第二節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題；每題1.5分,共30分〕 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最正確選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwas11whenIaskedmymumforpianolessons.Wewereinaneconomiccrisisandshe’drecentlybeen________(11)off.Shesaidapolite“no〞.Thatdidn’t________(12)me.Idrewakeyboardontoapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.Iwould________(13)notesonanonlinekeyboardand“play〞thembackonmypaperone—keepingthesoundtheymadeonthecomputerinmyhead.Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithout________(14)arealpiano.AsmymumfoundIwas________(15)aboutit,sheboughtme10lessonswithborrowedmoney.Istillrememberthefirstone.Iwas________(16)byhoworganicthesoundofthepianowas,asIhadbecomefamiliarwiththe________(17)electronicsound.TheteacherwastryingtoexplainwheremiddleCwas,butIcould________(18)playallthemajorandminorscales.I________(19)mygradeoneaftereightlessonsandgotdistinction.BythetimeIstartedsecondaryschool,wecouldn’t________(20)lessonsagain,soIreturnedtomypaperkeyboard.Ipassedgradethree,thengradefive,practisingonlyonmypieceofpaper.Forthegradesabovethat,there’san________(21)thatyouaddacertainsensitivityintoyourplaying.ThemusicteacheratmyschoolsaidIcouldpractiseontheschool’sgrandpiano.Iwouldwakeupat5:30amtogetthereintimeandplayuntillessonsstarted.I’d________(22)lunchandthenpractiseafterschooluntilthecaretakerkickedmeout.Athome,I’dhavedinner,dothreehoursofrevision,andthen________(23)practiceuntil1:00am.Myschooldidn’toffermusicA-level.IfoundthePurcellSchoolforyoungmusicians.Theaudition(試鏡)wasextremely________(24),andIfeltoverwhelmed.Tomyamazement,Iwasoffereda________(25).IhadbeentoldIhadstartedplayingtoo________(26)toreachconservatoire(音樂學院)level,butwhenIleftPurcell,Iwasawardedtheseniorpianoprize.ThatwasthepointwhenIrealizedIwasn’tbehindeveryoneelse.IamnowattheGuildhallSchoolinLondon,whereIwasofferedascholarship.Ifeel________(27):It’sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpianoandI’matoneoftheworld’s________(28)conservatoires.TheironyisthatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano—whatwecallmentalpractice.It________(29)keyareasofthemindthatarelessreadilyaccessedbypianoplayingalone.Thepaperpianohelpedstimulatemy________(30)abouthowmusicworks.

11. A.laid B.pushed C.dropped D.knocked12. A.annoy B.bother C.embarrass D.discourage13. A.take B.sign C.click D.compose14. A.seeing B.touching C.enjoying D.choosing15. A.serious B.careful C.hesitant D.nervous16. A.struck B.puzzled C.comforted D.inspired17. A.natural B.artificial C.practical D.magical18. A.only B.still C.hardly D.already19. A.sat B.joined C.failed D.repeated20. A.offer B.teach C.afford D.observe21. A.attitude B.expectation C.opinion D.opportunity22. A.avoid B.miss C.save D.skip23. A.social B.mental C.mechanical D.physical24. A.fascinating B.motivating C.frightening D.challenging25. A.course B.reward C.place D.certificate26. A.soon B.late C.hurriedly D.suddenly27. A.proud B.lucky C.ambitious D.grateful28. A.grand B.strict C.leading D.expensive29. A.builds B.covers C.defines D.unlocks30. A.prediction B.memory C.curiosity D.imagination

11.【答案】 A【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據前文中“economiccrisis〞可知作者家中經濟困難,媽媽近期被辭退〔layoff〕。其余選項含義為：pushoff〔推延,分開〕,dropoff〔減少〕,knockoff〔擊倒〕；故正確答案是A。12.【答案】 D【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據后一句“Idrewakeyontoapiecesofpaperandstuckitonmydesk〞,可知作者并沒有氣餒〔discourage〕。其余選項含義為：annoy〔惹惱,惹怒〕,bother〔打攪,煩擾〕,embarrass〔使為難〕；故正確答案是D。13.【答案】 C【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據句意動賓搭配可知作者點擊〔click〕音符。其余選項含義為：take〔帶來〕,sign〔簽署〕,compose〔作曲〕；故正確答案是C。14.【答案】 B【解析】 此題是動詞題；由于前文“playthembackonmypaperone〞可知我這六個月沒有觸碰〔touching〕一個真正的鋼琴。其余選項含義為：seeing〔看到〕,enjoying〔享受〕,choosing〔選擇〕；故正確答案是B。15.【答案】 A【解析】 此題是形容詞題；根據前文“Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano〞以及后文“sheboughtme10lessonswithborrowedmoney〞可知媽媽發(fā)現我對彈鋼琴是很認真的〔serious〕。其余選項含義為：careful〔仔細的〕,hesitant〔猶豫的〕,nervous〔緊張的〕；故正確答案是A。16.【答案】 A【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據句意可知我仍然記得第一次彈鋼琴時,我被鋼琴聲所打動〔struck〕。其余選項含義為：puzzled〔使困惑〕,comforted〔撫慰,安撫〕,inspired〔激發(fā),鼓舞〕；故正確答案是A。17.【答案】 B【解析】 此題是形容詞題；根據前文“Idrewakeyboardontoapieceofpaper〞和“and“play〞thembackonmypaperone〞可知之前我彈的琴都是偽造的〔artificial〕音樂聲。其余選項含義為：natural〔自然的〕,practical〔實際的〕,magical〔有魔力的〕；故正確答案是B。18.【答案】 D【解析】 此題是副詞題；根據句意可知教師一直嘗試給我解釋C大調在哪里,但是我已經〔already〕可以演奏所有的大調和小調了。其余選項含義為：only〔僅僅〕,still〔仍然〕,hardly〔幾乎不〕；故正確答案是D。19.【答案】 A【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據句意可知,根據句意可知,我參加一級考試,sit可有參加考試之意。其余選項含義為：join〔參加〕,faild〔失敗〕,repeated〔重復〕；故正確答案是A。20.【答案】 C【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據后文“Ireturnedtomypaperkeyboard〞可知我們無法再一次支付得起〔afford〕課程了。其余選項含義為：offer〔提供〕,teach〔教授〕,observe〔觀察〕；故正確答案是C。21.【答案】 B【解析】 此題是名詞題；根據上文,我通過paperpiano逐漸獲得了成功,上一段最后一句中關鍵詞“only〞,說明我想練習真正的鋼琴。根據本句,期望在演湊中參加敏感性或者理解,選擇expectation。其余選項含義為：attitude〔態(tài)度〕,opportunity〔時機〕,opinion〔觀點〕；故正確答案是B。22.【答案】 D【解析】 此題是動詞題；文章句意的理解,我跳過午飯,然后去練習直到看門的人讓我出去。所以選擇skip。其余選項含義為：avoid〔防止〕,miss〔錯過〕,save〔節(jié)省〕；故正確答案是D。23.【答案】 B【解析】 此題是形容詞題,根據上文,我如今已經到了家里,沒有鋼琴,所以選擇mental。其余選項含義為：social〔社會的〕,mechanical〔機械的〕,physical〔物理的,身體的〕；故正確答案是B。24.【答案】 D【解析】 此題是形容詞題；根據下句“andIfeltoverwhelmed.〞可知,我的感覺是不知所措的,不堪重負的,所以選challenging。其余選項含義為：fascinating〔迷人的〕,motivating(鼓舞的〕,frighting〔令人恐懼的〕；故正確答案是D。25.【答案】 C【解析】 此題是名詞題；根據本句“Tomyamazement〞,說明與前文轉折,Iwasofferedaplace,表示我被錄取了。其余選項含義為：course〔課程〕,reward〔回報,報酬〕,certificate〔證書〕；故正確答案是C。26.【答案】 B【解析】 此題是副詞題；根據前文,我是11歲才開場學習鋼琴,比擬晚,所以選擇late。其余選項含義為：soon〔快地〕,hurriedly〔匆忙地〕,suddenly〔突然地〕；故正確答案是B。27.【答案】 A【解析】 此題是形容詞題；根據上文,我收到了獎學金,根據下文,我如今處于世界頂級音樂學院,說明作者對此事的滿意和驕傲,選proud,其余選項含義為：lucky〔幸運的〕,ambitious〔有雄心的〕,grateful〔感謝的〕；故正確答案是A。28.【答案】 C【解析】 此題是形容詞題；根據本句,我如今處于世界領先的音樂學院,所以選leading。其余選項含義為：grand〔宏偉的〕,strict〔嚴格的〕,expensive〔昂貴的〕；故正確答案是C。29.【答案】 D【解析】 此題是動詞題；根據句意,它翻開了大腦中那些不太容易被鋼琴觸及的區(qū)域,選擇unlocks.其余選項含義為：build〔建立〕,cover〔覆蓋〕,define〔定義〕；故正確答案是D。30.【答案】 C【解析】 此題是名詞題；根據本句這有利于激發(fā)我對音樂如何運作的好奇心。其余選項含義為：prediction〔預報,預言〕,memory〔記憶〕,imagination〔想象力〕；故正確答案是C。

第二局部：閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié),40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題；每題2分,共30分〕 閱讀以下短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最正確選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWhataresomeofyourfavoritememoriesoftheUniversity? Inpreparationforeachfall’s50threunion,membersofthemilestoneclassareaskedtorecallcampusmemoriesforanannualMemoryBook. Here’sasmallselectionofsomememoriesfromtheClassof1969.PhyllisJoBaunach “...Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestacks.Wedideverythingbyhand!Butthejoysofideascomingtolifeandunderstandingthornyconceptsarepriceless. Additionally,IcannotforgetthejoyfulhoursofCo-Kastrehearsalsforstudent-written-and-directedplays,andthethrillofaudiences’responsestoourefforts.NorwillIeverforgettakingvoicelessonsattheEastmanSchoolofMusic.Thiscoursegavemeconfidencetotrynewmusicalapproachesandtothinkonmyfeet.〞

PaulBoehm “...manysweetandlastingmemories—fivefeetofdeepsnow,gettingstrandedontheThruway,musicatHylieMorris’sAlley,andofcourse,Imetmywifeof48years,EllenBlazerBoehmfromtheClassof1972,whenshewasafreshmanandIwasasenior.Asafive-yearchemicalengineeringmajor,Ihadoneelectivetospare,andEllensaid,‘Howaboutoceanography?’So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi(thefamousclimatescientist),whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljuices,andchangedmyprofessionaldirection.〞

FarelVellaMcClure “...ItrulylovedmyfourundergraduateyearsattheUniversityofRochester.Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster’sdegree!Iwasveryfortunatetohavebeentotallyimmersedinstudentlifeoncampus.Mymemoriesincludecampaigningandwinningaseatonthestudentgovernmentduringmyfreshmanyear.OthermemoriesincludetheSusanB.Anthonybanquet,andsleepinginthecomfychairsinthelibrary.IwasalsoprivilegedtobeselectedasastudentrepresentativeonthedesignteamforthenewWilsonCommons.I.M.Pei,thefamousarchitectwhodesignedtheLouvrePyramid,wasthearchitectforWilsonCommons.WeevenvisitedhisofficesinNewYorktoseethe‘master’atwork.〞

31.Accordingtothepassage,PaulBoehm________. A.marriedEllenBlazerin1972 B.dislikedhismajorinuniversity C.becameafamousclimatescientistlater D.discoveredhisinterestinenvironmentalscience31.【答案】 D【解析】 此題考察文章細節(jié)；根據文章第五段最后一句可知,PaulBoehm報名了海洋學作為自己的選修課,且原文中的“awakenedmyenvironmentaljuices〞與D選項中的discoveredhisinterest相對應,故正確答案是D。32.WhatcanwelearnaboutFarelVellaMcClure? A.Shewasaworld-famousdesigner. B.Shewasactiveinschoolactivities. C.Shehadahardtimegettinghermaster’s. D.SheoncemetI.M.PeiattheLouvrePyramid.32.【答案】 B【解析】 此題考察推理判斷；根據文章第六段可知,Farel回憶了自己在大學生活時的種種事情,包括參加運動、學生會、宴會、作為設計隊的學生代表、參觀I.M.Pei的辦公室等,說明了她在大學活動中非常活潑,故正確答案是B。

33.Thethreepeoplealltalkedabout________. A.theirbelovedprofessors B.theirgreatfriendship C.theirlearningexperiences D.theirbeautifulcampus33.【答案】 C【解析】 此題考察文章細節(jié)；題目問“三個人全都議論到的是什么〞。根據文章PhyllisJoBaunach的回憶“…Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestack.〞,第五段PaulBoehm的回憶“So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi…〞,以及第六段FarelVellaMeClure的回憶“Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster’sdegree!〞可知,三個人全都議論到了“他們的學習經歷〞,故正確答案是C。

B EarlyFebruary,IwasflyinguptoOhio.Wellprepared,Ihadeverythinginmyfavour—fuelforfivehours,chartsinorder,myflightplanonmylap,andabeautifulclearsky. Iwaswrong. IhadheardaboutAlbertaClipperscomingoutofCanada.Iknewallaboutthem—howanentireairmasswasstreamingalongatoversixtymilesanhour. Thatmorning,theWeatherBrieferinformedmethatanAlbertaClipperwasgoingoverChicagoaboutthetimeIgottotheairport.Chicagowassome400milesfrommydestination—notafactor,orsoIthought.ThatwasthefirsthintImissed. ThecontrollercalledandaskedifIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Ididthecheckandeverythingwasinthegreen.SoItoldhimno.TwentyminuteslaterthecontrollercalledagainaskingwhetherIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Icheckedeverything.Allwasfine.Iignoredthathint.Iwasfooledbythesmoothairandlimitedexperiencewitharapidlymovingairmassthatwasnotchangingviolently.TheAlbertaClipperwasclippingalong. Thefirstblastofturbulence(氣流)struckmyplane.Igotslammedintotheroof,andthenslammedsidewayshittingthewindowwithsuchforceupmynosethatIstartedbleeding. Aftera2-hourflightof100miles,Irealizedfuelwasnowanissue.Sowaslanding.IcalledFlightFollowing.WefiguredouttheairportIcouldland. Theenginestopped.Sodidmyheart.Thereisnoquietasquietlystunningasthisoneatsuchanaltitude.Ihadrunoutoffuelinthelefttank,andonlyalittleinmyrighttank.Theenginequitforasecondtime.Ideclaredanemergency.IwastoldthatImightgetanotherfewminutesoffuelifIgentlybankedtheairplane.Luckily,itworked.Then,theenginequitforthelasttime.Iwasaglidernow.Imadealonglazyspiraldescent.DownIwent.Istoppedattheveryendoftherunway. Imadesomanymistakes,missedsomanyclues,andshowedmyignorancesomuchthatIbeatmyselfupoverandoveragaininmymind.IlearnedtextbookdescriptionsofAlbertaClippersandreal-lifeexperiencewithonearetotallydifferent.Iwillneverforgetthesoundofthatsilence. Iflewhomethenextday.Older.Wiser.Humbler.Lucky.

34.WecanknowfromthepassagethatAlbertaClippers________. A.canbringsnowstorms B.arequick-movingairmasses C.areviolentlychangingairpressure D.canleadtoasuddentemperaturedrop34.【答案】 B【解析】 此題考察文章細節(jié)；根據文章第三段第2句可知,被稱為AlbertaClipper的冷空氣氣旋以每小時超過60英里的速度流動。故正確答案是B。35.Whatmainlyledtotheauthor’smissingallthehints? A.Hislackofflyingexperience. B.Hispoorpreparationforthejourney. C.Hismisjudgementabouttheairmass. D.Hisoverconfidenceinhispilotingskills.35.【答案】 C【解析】 此題考察文章細節(jié)；根據文章第四段最后一句話和第五段倒數第2句和倒數第3句可知,我忽略了指揮員的屢次暗示,被平穩(wěn)的空氣氣流以及變化不明顯的空氣質量所愚弄了。故正確答案是C。

36.Whichistherightorderoftheevent? a.Ideclaredanemergency. b.Myairplanewasrunningoutoffuel. c.Iinsistedoncarryingonmyflightplan. d.Iwasthrowntotheroofbytheviolentairmass. e.Islightlybankedmyairplaneandmadealanding. A.dcbea B.dceba C.cdabe D.cdbae36.【答案】 D【解析】 此題考察文章細節(jié)；根據整篇文章事件發(fā)生的先后順序和前五段,可知第一個事件是c,我堅持我的飛行方案；根據文章第六段第2句話,可知第二個事件是d,我被摔到了機艙內頂部；根據文章第八段第4句話,可知第三個事件是b,飛機燃料用光了；根據文章第八段第6句話,可知第四個事件是a,我宣布了緊急救助；根據文章第8段第7句話可知第五個事件是e,我細微地傾斜飛行然后著陸。故正確答案是D。

37.Thepassagedescribe________. A.arewardingtraining B.anarrowescape C.apainfulexploration D.aseriousaccident37.【答案】 B【解析】 此題考察文章主旨；A選項意為“一次有益的訓練〞,B選項意為“一次死里逃生〞,C選項意為“一次痛苦的探究〞,D選項意為“一個嚴重的事故〞,整篇文章講述了一個飛行員在飛行途中遭遇冷空氣氣旋,最后克制重重困難并使飛機成功著陸的故事；故正確答案是B。

C Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance,BenedictCumberbatchsaid,"MymumsaysI’mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI'mfilmingSherlock." MarkSeton,aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney,hasevencoinedtheterm"post-dramaticstressdisorder"todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole."Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied,"hewrites. Arecentfindingdoesn'tinvolveacting,anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers'senseofself,ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies,theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities,memoriesorphysicalattributes,andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance,theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories,andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents. Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance,iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm"confident"wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend'spersonality,whentheycametorescorethemselves,theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably,thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24-hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse'sperspectiveandre-ratingoneself. "Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson,wemayadaptourselftotaketheshapeofthatperson,"saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging,especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere,too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobecome,ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves,wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways. "Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend,whotomodel,andwhotoignore,"writeMeyerandhercolleagues,"wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks,butevenoursenseofwhoweare."

38. Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly . A.statethatactingrequiresskills B.explainthestressthatanactorfaces C.showthataroleleavesamarkontheactor D.stresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole38.【答案】 C【解析】 此題考察段落主旨,根據文章第一段第一句Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters,以及第二段結尾句：Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied,"可知演員會受到自己所參演角色的影響,并且這種影響會很持久,故正確答案是C。39. Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"ruboffon"inParagraph3probablymean? A.Influence. B.Strengthen. C.Confuse. D.Determine.39.【答案】 A【解析】此題考察猜詞題,通過文章第四段前兩句Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse可知,志愿者對于自己的認知受到了第三方的影響；故正確答案是A。40. Accordingtothestudy,takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson . A.bringschangestoone'sself-knowledge B.motivatesonetobetterunderstandhimself C.helpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblems D.producestemporaryeffectsonone'scharacter40.【答案】 A【解析】 此題考察細節(jié)題；根據文章第4段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged–theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.〞可知志愿者的自我認知受到了第三方的影響,進一步發(fā)生了改變

。故正確答案是A。41. Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy? A.Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends. B.Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves. C.Itgivesadviceonadjustingone'semotions. D.Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.41.【答案】 B【解析】 此題考察主旨題；通過文章倒數第二段Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere,too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier可知通過這項研究我們可以知道改變自己并不是很困難的事情,進一步可以對我們自身進展提升。故正確答案是B。DIncollege,Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalcombinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomiccompoundslikeoxygengas?Don’task;studentsaren’treadytoknow.Inphysics,inbiology,inanyotherscienceclasses,studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.It’stimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually,studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebecominglame——butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.Anarrow,rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyoneforthecomplexitiesofscientificresearch,applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths,orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersask,howcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour“post-truth〞world?Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological“species〞contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight,andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However,suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy,inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial——soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool,collegeandbeyond,curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.Nonetheless,uncertainadviceoncomplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat,fromafutureperspective,today’stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness,aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyaccommodatesdissentanddissonance,thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat,flawed,ongoinghumanachievement,ratherthanasacollectionofcut-and-driedeternal(永久的)truths.Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork——butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidverywellinexams,andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers,whoseaskingteachesusall,isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceinthepost-trustage.

42.Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat________. A.studentscannotbecomespecialists B.itgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducation C.studentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessors D.itfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture42.【答案】 D【解析】 此題為推斷題；根據文章第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.〞意為“多樣性和疑心產生創(chuàng)造力;我們必須為學生們騰出空間,停頓引導將來的科學家進入重視技術而非思想的狹窄專業(yè)〞和D選項“當前的科學訓練的問題是不能給學生提供他們將來所需要的東西〞表達內容一致,故正確答案是D。43.Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat________. A.eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallenged B.studentsaregenerallyignorantofscience C.mostpreviousresearchersareoutofdate D.sciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime43.【答案】 A【解析】 此題為推斷題；根據題干中“periodictable〞可以定位至文章第四段。根據第四段首句“Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.〞,可以得知“在科學中,即使是最根本的構成要素也會受到質疑〞,和A選項“被廣泛承受的內容也可以被質疑〞表達內容一致,故正確答案是A。44.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat________. A.studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubt B.sciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspecies C.studentsshouldnottrustestablishedscience D.diversitypreventsprogressinscience44.【答案】 A【解析】 此題為推斷題；根據文章第三段“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity.〞可以得知A選項“假如允許學生持疑心態(tài)度,他們可能會更具有創(chuàng)造力〞是正確的；根據文章第五段“Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable〞可知理科生不知道元素和物種等概念是被爭議的,而不是不爭議元素或物種,故B選項錯誤；C選項“學生不應該相信已經建立的科學〞,文章中意為學生應該抱有質疑態(tài)度,而不是不相信,故C選項錯誤；D選項“多樣性組織了科學中的進步〞和作者態(tài)度相反,文章對多樣性持鼓勵態(tài)度,故D選項錯誤。故正確答案是A。

45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthewriter’sopinion?A.Ourcurriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective. B.Scienceshouldbeacollectionofcut-and-driedeternaltruths. C.Teachersshouldtreatpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers. D.Theconceptofbiologicalspeciesbringsmoreconfusionthaninsight.45