高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省滁州市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividesayearinto24solarterms.TheSpringEquinox(春分),asthefourthtermoftheyear,startsonMarch21andendsonApril4thisyear.TheSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.Aftertheequinox,thesunmovesnorthwards,resultingingraduallylongerdaytimeintheNorthernpartandlongernightintheSouthernpart.HerearethingsyoumaynotknowabouttheSpringEquinox.SwallowsflyingnorthTheancientChinesepeopledividedthefifteendaysoftheSpringEquinoxintothree“hou’s”orfive-dayparts.Astheoldsayinggoes,swallowsflybacktotheNorthinthefirsthou.Itissaidthatduringthisperiod,thunderandlightningfrequentlyoccur.Egg-standinggamesStandinganegguprightisapopulargameacrossthecountryduringtheSpringEquinox.Itisanoldcustomthatdatesbackto4,000yearsago.Peoplepracticethistraditiontocelebratethecomingofspring.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmakeaneggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.FlyingkitesSpringEquinoxisagoodtimetoflykites.Inancienttimes,peopledidnothavegoodmedicalresources.So,toprayforhealth,theywrotetheirmedicalissuesonpaperkite.Whenthekitewasintheair,peoplewouldcutoffthestringtoletthepaperkitefloataway,symbolizingtheflyingawayofdiseases.EatingspringvegetablesEatingspringvegetablesduringtheSpringEquinoxisacommonlypracticedcustominmanyregionsofChina.TheancientteachingsintheChineseclassic,HuangdiNeijing,suggestthatpeopleeatseasonalfoodstohelppreservehealthandbringgoodluck.TheSpringEquinoxisatimeofcelebrationandreflection,wherepeoplerecognizethechangingoftheseasonsandembracenewbeginnings.1.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheSpringEquinox?A.Flyingkites. B.Eatingspringvegetables.C.Thesunmovingnorthwards. D.Equallengthofdayandnight.2.WhydopeopleplayeggstandinggamesandflykitesduringtheSpringEquinox?A.Tokeepfit. B.Tomakefriends.C.Tocelebrateasolarterm. D.Togainmedicaltreatment.3.Whichofthefollowingisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toteachushowtoplaysomegames. B.Totellushowtokeepabalanceddiet.C.TointroduceatraditionalChineseculture. D.Torecommendsomeactivitiestopreventdiseases.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了春分的有關(guān)知識。【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.”（春分標志著白天和黑夜的長度相等。）可知，在春分日，白天和黑夜的長度相等。故選D。【2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Egg-standinggames”部分中“Peoplepracticethistraditiontocelebratethecomingofspring.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmakeaneggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.”（人們用這個傳統(tǒng)來慶祝春天的到來。人們相信，如果有人能把雞蛋立起來，他將來就會有好運氣。）“Flyingkites”部分中“So,toprayforhealth,theywrotetheirmedicalissuesonpaperkite.Whenthekitewasintheair,peoplewouldcutoffthestringtoletthepaperkitefloataway,symbolizingtheflyingawayofdiseases.”（因此，為了祈求健康，他們把自己的健康問題寫在紙風箏上。當風箏在空中時，人們會剪斷風箏的線，讓紙風箏飄走，象征著疾病的飛走。）可知，在春分這個節(jié)氣，人們通過玩“雞蛋站起來”的游戲，象征著人們會有好運氣；而“放風箏”的游戲，預(yù)示著風箏會帶走疾病，給人們送來健康。因此，兩個游戲都有著其各自的寓意，但共同點都是在春分這個節(jié)氣的慶祝的方式。故選C。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“HerearethingsyoumaynotknowabouttheSpringEquinox.”（以下是一些你可能不知道的關(guān)于春分的事情。）可知，本文主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)24節(jié)氣中的和春分相關(guān)的一些知識，即介紹中國的傳統(tǒng)文化。故選C。BEarlyeachmorning,LiuHuangpingcarefullyplacesbeehivesaroundhishouse,preparingtowelcomehistinyguestswithspacestonest.“It’saboutthetimehoneybeesusuallyarrive,andwe’llharvesttheirhoneyinAugust,”saidthe50-year-oldfromGangbeivillageinJiangxiprovince,whohasbeenkeepingbeesfornearly20years.“Onlyaboutfivehouseholdsusedtokeepbees,butthesizableandstableincomefrombeekeepinghasdrawnmorevillagersintothebusiness,”hesaid.In2015,agroupwassetuptotrainvillagersinbeekeepingandhelpthemsellhoney.“Weteachthemmodernbeekeepingtechniquestoincreaseproductionandprovidethemwithregularsaleschannels.Villagershavealmostnotroubleselling,”saidWuZhulin,PartybranchsecretaryofGangbei.Thesweetbusinessofbeekeepinghasmadevillagerswealthy,andin2017,Gangbeiwasofficiallyliftedoutofpoverty.In2021,Liuwasinvitedtojoinalocalcompanyspecializinginculturaltourism.Hewasputinchargeofpromotingagriculturalproducethroughtourism.Withakeenunderstandingoftheirhoney,Liuemphasizesbrandingandpackaging,evencreatingapromotionalvideo.AStateCouncilExecutivemeetinginMarchmadeeffortstoadvanceruralvitalization(鄉(xiāng)村振興)acrosstheboard,fosterruralindustrieswithlocalcharacteristics,andcreatemorechannelsforincreasingruralincomes.Tobroadenthemarketabilityofwildhoneyproducedinthisremotevillage,thegovernmentofJing’ancountyinvitede-commercecompaniestoGangbeitopromotehoneyproductsthroughonlinebroadcasting.Thecounty’sAgricultureandRuralAffairsBureauhasalsoplayedanimportantrolebyprovidingtrainingsessionsandencouragingvillagerstoparticipateinlocalindustries.TheharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanandnatureisevidentinthesweettransformationofGangbei,wherethehumofbusybeessignifiesaprosperousfuture.4.WhendidLiuHuangpingstartkeepingbees?A.Inhis20s. B.Inhis30s. C.Inhis40s. D.Inhis50s.5.WhatcausedtheincreaseinbeekeepersinGangbeivillage?A.Modernbeekeepingtechniques. B.High-qualitywildhoneyproduction.C.Availabilityofregularsaleschannels. D.Sizableandstableincomefrombeekeeping.6.WhatdoesLiuHuangpingactasinthelocalcompany?A.Achiefbeekeeper. B.Atourismdirector.C.Ahoneybrandingexpert. D.Anagriculturalproducepromoter.7.Howdoesthee-commercecompaniesinvitedcontributetoruraldevelopment?A.Byprovidingtrainingsessionsforvillagers.B.Byexpandingthemarketabilityofwildhoney.C.BypromotingculturaltourisminGangbeivillage.D.Byencouragingvillagerstoengageinbeekeeping.〖答案〗4.B5.D6.D7.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。本文主要介紹了江西省崗北村的村民通過養(yǎng)蜂發(fā)家致富及政府是如何為村民提供幫助的。【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句““It’saboutthetimehoneybeesusuallyarrive,andwe’llharvesttheirhoneyinAugust,”saidthe50-year-oldfromGangbeivillageinJiangxiprovince,whohasbeenkeepingbeesfornearly20years.(“這大約是蜜蜂通常到達的時間，我們將在8月收獲它們的蜂蜜，”這位來自江西省崗北村的50歲老人說，他已經(jīng)養(yǎng)蜂近20年了)”可知，劉煌平50歲時已經(jīng)養(yǎng)蜂近20年了。由此可知，劉煌平是30多歲開始養(yǎng)蜂的。故選B項。【5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句““Onlyaboutfivehouseholdsusedtokeepbees,butthesizableandstableincomefrombeekeepinghasdrawnmorevillagersintothebusiness,”hesaid.(“過去只有大約五戶家庭養(yǎng)蜂，但養(yǎng)蜂帶來的可觀而穩(wěn)定的收入吸引了更多的村民從事這項業(yè)務(wù)，”他說)”可知，養(yǎng)蜂帶來的可觀而穩(wěn)定的收入吸引了更多的村民從事這項業(yè)務(wù)。由此可知，崗北村養(yǎng)蜂人增加的原因是養(yǎng)蜂收入可觀且穩(wěn)定。故選D項。【6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“In2021,Liuwasinvitedtojoinalocalcompanyspecializinginculturaltourism.Hewasputinchargeofpromotingagriculturalproducethroughtourism.(2021年，劉受邀加入當?shù)匾患覍ｉT從事文化旅游的公司。他被任命負責通過旅游業(yè)推廣農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)”可知，劉在當?shù)匾患覍ｉT從事文化旅游的公司負責通過旅游業(yè)推廣農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。由此可知，劉煌平在當?shù)毓咀鳛檗r(nóng)產(chǎn)品推廣人。故選D項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“Tobroadenthemarketabilityofwildhoneyproducedinthisremotevillage,thegovernmentofJing’ancountyinvitede-commercecompaniestoGangbeitopromotehoneyproductsthroughonlinebroadcasting.(為了擴大這個偏遠村莊生產(chǎn)的野生蜂蜜的市場性，靜安縣政府邀請電子商務(wù)公司到崗北，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播推廣蜂蜜產(chǎn)品)”可知，靜安縣政府邀請電子商務(wù)公司到崗北，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播推廣蜂蜜產(chǎn)品，擴大野生蜂蜜的市場。由此推知，受邀的電子商務(wù)公司通過擴大野生蜂蜜的市場銷售為農(nóng)村發(fā)展做出貢獻。故選B項。CAIiseverywherethesedays,andthehumblebabystroller(推車)industryisnoexception.CanadianstrollermakerGlüxkindissettounveiltheworld’smostadvancedAI-poweredbabystroller.TheGlüxkindEllaisatechnologicalwondercomparedtomostotherbabystrollers.Callingitastrollersoundsabitunfair,consideringthatit’smoreofahigh-techproductthatcanindependentlyrockyourbabytosleep,assisttheuseronuphillanddownhillslopes,andconstantlymonitorsurroundingsviaaseriesofsensorsandcameras,amongmanyotherimpressivefunctions.Itmaylooklikearegularstrolleratfirstsight,butEllaisactuallyasmallbattery-poweredvehiclewithartificialintelligence.TheGlüxkindEllaoffersadaptivepushandbrakeassistance,whichtacklesuphillanddownhillslopeseasily,evenwhenthestroller’sbottomdrawerisfullofgroceries.Thestroller’sself-drivingcapabilitiesallowittotravelwithoutbeingdriven,whiletheparentorcaretakerinteractswiththebaby.Itusesasuiteofonboard360-degreesensorstodetectandfollowthesidewalkandavoidobstacleswhileremainingwithinarm’sreachoftheuserbydetectingtheproximityofhissmartphone.Athree-hourbatterychargeisreportedlyenoughforaboutsixhoursofuse.TheGlüxkindEllacanbepairedwithAndroidandApplesmartphonesandcanbemonitoredviaGPS,soyoucankeeptrackofitswhereaboutsatalltimes.IfthemostadvancedAIpoweredstrollersoundslikeadreamtocometrue,you’llonlyhavetowaitafewmoremonthstoownone.“WithGlüxkind’sElla,weaimtomakeparentingeasier,startingwiththekeypieceofparentingequipment,thebabystroller.AtGlüxkind,webelieveinempoweringourfamilieswithsafe,convenient,andseamlessproducts,”GlüxkindCEOKevinHuangsaid.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unveil”meaninparagraph1?A.Reserve B.Reflect C.Release D.Recommend9.Whatdoyouknowaboutthehumblebabystroller?A.Itisaregularstroller. B.Itispoweredbybatteries.C.Itcangouphillanddownhillbyitself. D.Itmonitorsthesurroundingsbysmartphones.10.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthehumblebabystroller?A.Objective B.Positive C.Disapproving D.Indifferent11.WhymaythefamiliesbewillingtoownanElla?A.Safeandconvenient B.GentleandquietC.Advancedandintelligent D.Impressiveandhumble〖答案〗8.C9.B10.A11.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。加拿大嬰兒車制造商Glüxkind將推出世界上最先進的人工智能嬰兒車。【8題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“theworld’smostadvancedAI-poweredbabystroller.(世界上最先進的人工智能嬰兒車)”可推理出劃線詞的含義為“發(fā)布”，故選C項。【9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ellaisactuallyasmallbattery-poweredvehiclewithartificialintelligence.(埃拉實際上是一款小型的電池驅(qū)動的人工智能汽車)”可知，這款嬰兒車由電池驅(qū)動，故選B項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。加拿大嬰兒車制造商Glüxkind將推出世界上最先進的人工智能嬰兒車。短文介紹了人工智能嬰兒車的工作原理以及一些人對他的態(tài)度。所以作者在客觀介紹，并未發(fā)表觀點，所以對這款嬰兒車的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選A項。【11題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“webelieveinempoweringourfamilieswithsafe,convenient,andseamlessproducts(我們相信為我們的家庭提供安全、方便和無縫的產(chǎn)品)”可知，這款嬰兒車安全、方便，故選A項。DWaterpollutioncausedbythecoalindustryisacriticalissuethatrequiresurgentattention.Accordingtoareportbyenvironmentalandcleanwatergroups,coalplantsaretheprimarysourceoftoxic(有毒的)waterpollutionintheUnitedStates.Nearly70%of274coalplantshavenolimitsontoxicmaterials,suchasAs2O3andPb,andtheyweredumpeddirectlyintowaterways.Overone-thirdoftheseplantshavenorequirementstomonitororreportdischargesofthesetoxicmaterialstogovernmentagenciesorthepublic.Furthermore,thereportrevealsthat71coalplantsdischargetoxicwaterpollutionintowaterwaysthathavealreadybeendeclareddamagedduetopoorwaterquality.Almosthalfofthe386coalplantssurveyedoperatewithoutCleanWaterActpermits,and53ofthemhavepermitsthatwentoutofdatefiveormoreyearsago.Theseresultsareduetothelackofanystrictstandardslimitingtoxicpollutionfromcoalplants.Coal-firedpowerplantsarethemainsourceoftoxicwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates,accountingformorethanhalfofalltoxicwaterpollution.Thehumanhealthimpactsfromthispollutionareserious.TheEPAestimatesthatnearly140,000peopleperyearexperienceincreasedcancerriskduetoAs2O3infishfromcoalplants.Thereportindicatesthatalmost13,000childrenundertheageofseveneachyearhavereducedIQsbecauseofPbinfishtheyeat,andalmost2,000childrenarebornwithlowerIQsbecauseoftoxicfishtheirmothershaveeaten.Fortunately,theEPAproposedthefirstevernationalstandardstolimittoxicsdumpedintowaterwaysfromcoalplantsinApril2013.AccordingtotheEPA,thesestandardsshouldreducepollutionbymorethan5billionpoundsayear.ThereportsuggeststhattheEPA’snewcoalplantwaterpollutionstandardswillnotonlycleanupourwaterbutwillalsosavelives.Affordablewastewatertreatmenttechnologiesexisttopreventtoxicdischargesandarealreadyinuseatsomeplants.Itistimeforthecoalindustrytoberesponsibleforthedamageitiscausing,andforthegovernmenttosetstricterstandardstoprotecttheenvironmentandpublichealth.WiththeproposedEPAstandards,thereishopeforacleanerfuture.Byholdingthecoalindustryresponsible,wecanmakesignificantstepsinprotectingourwaterwaysandensuringthatfuturegenerationshaveaccesstocleanandsafewater.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Over100coalplantshavelimitsontoxicmaterials.B.MostcoalplantsoperatewithCleanWaterActpermits.C.Abouthalfof274coalplantsmonitorthetoxicmaterials.D.Strictstandardslimitingtoxicpollutionareurgentlyrequired.13.Whichisthemainissueaffectinghumanhealthaccordingtothepassage?A.OutdatedCleanWaterActpermits.B.Consumptionofpollutedfishbyhumans.C.AirpollutioncausedbyCoal-firedpowerplants.D.Notadvancedwastewatertreatmenttechnologies.14.WhichwordcanbestdescribethenewwaterpollutionstandardsinParagraph4?A.Significant. B.Ineffective.C.Alternative. D.Meaningless.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Lackofstrictstandardstolimittoxicpollution.B.Serioushealthproblemsaffectedbycoalplants.C.Urgentjointeffortstodealwithwaterpollutioncausedbycoalplants.D.ImportanceofaffordablewastewatertreatmenttechnologiesintheUnitedStates.〖答案〗12.D13.B14.A15.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章闡述了煤炭行業(yè)的在發(fā)展的同時，造成了有毒水污染，進而影響到人們的健康。因此對于煤炭行業(yè)的水污染問題，實施新的水污染標準，迫切需要共同的努力來解決。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Accordingtoareportbyenvironmentalandcleanwatergroups,coalplantsaretheprimarysourceoftoxic(有毒的)waterpollutionintheUnitedStates.Nearly70%of274coalplantshavenolimitsontoxicmaterials,suchasAs2O3andPb,andtheyweredumpeddirectlyintowaterways.Overone-thirdoftheseplantshavenorequirementstomonitororreportdischargesofthesetoxicmaterialstogovernmentagenciesorthepublic.”（根據(jù)環(huán)境和清潔水組織的一份報告，燃煤電廠是美國有毒水污染的主要來源。274家燃煤電廠中，近70%對有毒物質(zhì)(如三氧化二砷和鉛)沒有限制，直接排放到水道中。超過三分之一的工廠沒有要求監(jiān)測或向政府機構(gòu)或公眾報告這些有毒物質(zhì)的排放）第二段“Furthermore,thereportrevealsthat71coalplantsdischargetoxicwaterpollutionintowaterwaysthathavealreadybeendeclareddamagedduetopoorwaterquality.Almosthalfofthe386coalplantssurveyedoperatewithoutCleanWaterActpermits,and53ofthemhavepermitsthatwentoutofdatefiveormoreyearsago.Theseresultsareduetothelackofanystrictstandardslimitingtoxicpollutionfromcoalplants.”（此外，報告還顯示，71家煤電廠將有毒的水污染排放到因水質(zhì)差而已被宣布受損的水道中。在接受調(diào)查的386家煤電廠中，幾乎有一半沒有獲得《清潔水法》(CleanWaterAct)的許可，其中53家的許可證在五年或更早以前就過期了。這些結(jié)果是由于缺乏嚴格的標準來限制燃煤電廠的有毒污染）可知，通過研究報告中提到的數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，水污染現(xiàn)象是嚴重的。而造成這種結(jié)果是源于缺乏嚴格的標準來限制燃煤電廠的有毒污染。可推知，用嚴格的標準來限制有毒污染是迫切需要的。故選D。【13題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Coal-firedpowerplantsarethemainsourceoftoxicwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates,accountingformorethanhalfofalltoxicwaterpollution.Thehumanhealthimpactsfromthispollutionareserious.TheEPAestimatesthatnearly140,000peopleperyearexperienceincreasedcancerriskduetoAs2O3infishfromcoalplants.Thereportindicatesthatalmost13,000childrenundertheageofseveneachyearhavereducedIQsbecauseofPbinfishtheyeat,andalmost2,000childrenarebornwithlowerIQsbecauseoftoxicfishtheirmothershaveeaten.”（燃煤電廠是美國有毒水污染的主要來源，占所有有毒水污染的一半以上。這種污染對人類健康的影響是嚴重的。美國環(huán)保署估計，每年有近14萬人因煤電廠魚類中的三氧化二砷而患癌癥的風險增加。報告指出，每年有近13000名7歲以下兒童因食用含鉛魚類而導(dǎo)致智商下降，近2000名兒童因其母親食用有毒魚類而出生智商較低）可知，有毒水污染使得生于其中的魚類中的三氧化二砷增加，進而增加了因食用該魚類的人們的患癌癥的風險，這對人類健康的影響是嚴重的，故選B。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“AccordingtotheEPA,thesestandardsshouldreducepollutionbymorethan5billionpoundsayear.ThereportsuggeststhattheEPA’snewcoalplantwaterpollutionstandardswillnotonlycleanupourwaterbutwillalsosavelives.”（根據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護署的說法，這些標準每年將減少超過50億磅的污染。報告指出，環(huán)保署新的燃煤電廠水污染標準不僅能凈化我們的水源，還能拯救生命）可知，環(huán)保署新的燃煤電廠水污染標準不僅能凈化我們的水源，還能拯救生命。可推知，新的水污染標準的執(zhí)行是重要的。故選A。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章在前兩段通過研究報告中的數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果說明，水污染現(xiàn)象在美國是嚴重的。而造成這種結(jié)果是源于缺乏嚴格的標準來限制燃煤電廠的有毒污染。因此用嚴格的標準來限制有毒污染是迫切需要的。第三段說明了水污染對人們的嚴重影響是源于人們食用了污染過的魚類，第四段介紹了新的水污染標準的執(zhí)行是重要的。第五段中“WiththeproposedEPAstandards,thereishopeforacleanerfuture.Byholdingthecoalindustryresponsible,wecanmakesignificantstepsinprotectingourwaterwaysandensuringthatfuturegenerationshaveaccesstocleanandsafewater.”（有了美國環(huán)保署提出的標準，一個更清潔的未來就有了希望。通過讓煤炭行業(yè)承擔責任，我們可以在保護我們的水道和確保子孫后代能夠獲得清潔和安全的水方面邁出重要的步伐）則表明實施水污染的標準可以帶來的重要意義。因此全文主要表述了對于煤炭行業(yè)的水污染問題，迫切需要共同的努力來解決。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Earthquakesareadeadlyandunpredictablethreatworldwide,asprovedbyrecentcatastrophiceventsinTurkeyandSyria.Unlikeothernaturaldisasters,earthquakesaredifficulttodetectandoftencomewithlittlewarning,makingthemchallengingtopreparefor.However,knowingbestpracticesforearthquakepreparednesscanhelpreducepotentialharm.____16____.Drop,coverandhold.Makesureyouknowwhattodowhenanearthquakestrikes.____17____,drop,takecoverunderastablepieceoffurniture,andholdon.You’resafeundersomethinglikeadeskortable,withonearmholdingontoalegofthetableandyourotherarmprotectingyourneckandhead.____18____.Let’ssaythere’sanearthquakeinthemiddleofthenightandyourhouseisdamaged.“Whereareyougoingtogo?”saysAlyssaProvencio,aprofessorwhoteachesemergencyanddisastermanagement.Createameetingpoint—somewhereeasyforeveryoneinyourhouseholdtorememberunderstress,likethepostofficenearyourhouse.Whateverplanyoudecideon,don’trelyonyourphoneasyourmainformofcommunication,becausetechnologyfailsallthetimeindisasters.Makedigitalcopiesofimportantdocuments.____19____.They’renotsomethingpeopleremembertograbinadisaster.Scanortakephotosofyourimportantdocuments,suchasyourlicense,financialrecords,insurancepolicyinformationandevenalistofmedicalprescriptions,andstoretheminthecloud.Thiscanhelpensureyourdocumentswillbeavailableevenifyourcomputerorharddriveislostinaquake.Stockup(囤積)onwaterandothersupplies.Accesstowaterduringanearthquakeshouldbeaguarantee.____20____.Ifyoulivealone,thatmeansyouneedatotalofthreegallonsstoredinyourhome.Thesamegoesforfood.Storeatleast72hours’worthoffoodforeveryoneinyourfamily,likecannedfoodorpowerbars.Byfollowingthesestepsandbeingprepared,individualsandfamiliescanincreasetheirchancesofstayingsafeduringandafteranearthquake.A.MakeafamilyplanB.IfyoufeelthegroundshakingC.YourphonescanbeusedtomakedigitalcopiesD.Storeatleastonegallonofwaterperpersonfor72hoursE.ImportantdocumentsmaygetdestroyedduringanearthquakeF.HereareseveralstepsyoucantaketoprepareyourselfinadvanceG.Theamountofwatertobereserveddependsonyourfamilymembers〖答案〗16.F17.B18.A19.E20.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章列舉了四項地震前應(yīng)做的準備事項。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“However,knowingbestpracticesforearthquakepreparednesscanhelpreducepotentialharm.”（然而，了解地震防備的最佳做法可以幫助減少潛在的危害。）可知，做好地震防備可以幫助減少其帶來的潛在危害。下文的黑體字所列舉的策略，可知，空處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用，表示下面是一些實用的策略。選項F.“以下是你可以提前做好準備的幾個步驟。”起到承上啟下的作用，符合邏輯，故選F。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Makesureyouknowwhattodowhenanearthquakestrikes.”（確保你知道地震來襲時該怎么做。）提到了地震來襲時要確保自己知道怎么做。下文“drop,takecoverunderastablepieceoffurniture,andholdon.”（趴下，躲在一件穩(wěn)定的家具下面，堅持住。）提到了應(yīng)對地震的具體做法。可推知，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和地震侵襲有關(guān)。選項B.“如果你感到地震搖晃”，提到了地震來臨時的情形，引出下文，故選B。【18題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Let’ssaythere’sanearthquakeinthemiddleofthenightandyourhouseisdamaged.”（假設(shè)在半夜發(fā)生了地震，你的房子被毀了。）舉出具體的地震襲擊的事例。“Whateverplanyoudecideon,don’trelyonyourphoneasyourmainformofcommunication,becausetechnologyfailsallthetimeindisasters.”（無論你決定什么計劃，都不要把手機作為你主要的通訊方式，因為技術(shù)在災(zāi)難中總是失靈的。）提到應(yīng)對災(zāi)難時，要有計劃，該計劃中不應(yīng)該把手機作為主要的通訊方式。因此作為段落的中心句，應(yīng)該和制定應(yīng)付災(zāi)難的計劃有關(guān)。選項A.“制定家庭計劃”，選項中“plan”和下文的“plan”相呼應(yīng)，符合題意，故選A。【19題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Scanortakephotosofyourimportantdocuments,suchasyourlicense,financialrecords,insurancepolicyinformationandevenalistofmedicalprescriptions,andstoretheminthecloud.”（掃描或拍攝你的重要文件，比如你的執(zhí)照、財務(wù)記錄、保險單信息，甚至是一份醫(yī)療處方清單，并將它們存儲在云端。）提到了對重要的文件要做備份，這樣可以應(yīng)對丟失或毀壞帶來的風險。所以空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該對下文起引領(lǐng)作用，講述這樣做的原因。選項E.“重要文件可能在地震中被毀。”引領(lǐng)下文，符合題意，故選E。【20題詳析】根據(jù)本段標題“Stockup(囤積)onwaterandothersupplies.”（儲備水和其他物資）說明防范地震需要準備一些物資。上文“Accesstowaterduringanearthquakeshouldbeaguarantee.”（在地震期間獲得水應(yīng)該是一個保證。）提到了存水的作用。因此空處應(yīng)承接前文，講述存水的具體要求。選項D.“儲存至少72小時每人一加侖的水。”提到了具體的存水的要求，符合題意，下文“Ifyoulivealone,thatmeansyouneedatotalofthreegallonsstoredinyourhome.(如果你一個人住，這意味著你需要在家里儲存三加侖。)”。故選D。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Afive-month-oldbartailedgodwitrecentlybroketherecordforlong-distancemigrationafterflying13,560kilometersnon-stopoveraperiodof11days.Everyautumn,millionsofmigratorybirdstaketothe____21____foralongandexhaustingjourneyto____22____thecomingcold,feedandbreedforthenextfewmonths.Manyofthem____23____impressivedistancesofover10,000kilometers,butthisyear,onesmallbirdwas____24____allexpectationsregardinglong-distanceflying,travelingabig13,560kilometerswithoutstopping.Anditwasallbecauseofanunusualroundaboutwaythatcouldhave____25____thebirditslife,consideringthatthenon-stopjourneypushedits____26____capacitytothelimit.Lastmonth,theyoungbar-tailedgodwit____27____fromAlaskatoNewZealand,butsomehow,atonepointduringits____28____journey,thesmallbirdtookalittleroundaboutwaythataddedanextra500kilometerstoitsoriginalroute.Thatseemslikeasmalldistancetocover,consideringthatthenormal____29____wouldhaveseenitflyaround13,000kilometers,butit’sactuallyasignificantdifferencethatcouldhavehaddeadly____30____.Scientistswereableto____31____thegodwit’srecordflightwiththehelpofatinytrackerthatonlyweighed5grams.Technologicaladvancementshaveallowedresearcherstotracksuchsmallspeciesofbirdswithout____32____them,asaddinganykindofsignificantweighttoacreaturethatweighsonlybetween300and400gramscouldputitslifeindanger.Dr.Woehlerestimatesthatthebirdlost“halformoreofitsbody____33____”duringthe11-daycontinuousflight,but____34____ittodrylandsafely.Interestingly,scientistshaven’tyetunderstood____35____birdslikethebar-tailedgodwitareabletonavigatesuchlargedistanceswithoutstoppingandwithoutgettinglost.21.A.ground B.forest C.sky D.mountain22.A.challenge B.bear C.escape D.enjoy23.A.add B.cover C.measure D.calculate24.A.within B.under C.for D.beyond25.A.costed B.saved C.offered D.changed26.A.recognition B.flight C.defense D.management27.A.putoff B.turnedoff C.showedoff D.tookoff28.A.tiring B.exciting C.smooth D.short29.A.gesture B.route C.sight D.dream30.A.thoughts B.strengths C.consequences D.diseases31.A.track B.create C.break D.bring32.A.decorating B.endangering C.protecting D.preserving33.A.water B.muscle C.weight D.size34.A.made B.managed C.took D.appreciated35.A.when B.where C.whether D.how〖答案〗21.C22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了一只5個月大的斑尾鷸最近打破了長距離遷徙的紀錄，它在11天內(nèi)不間斷飛行了13560公里。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每年秋天，數(shù)以百萬計的候鳥飛向天空，進行一次漫長而疲憊的旅行，以躲避即將到來的寒冷，在接下來的幾個月里覓食和繁殖。A.ground地面；B.forest森林；C.sky天空；D.mountain山脈。根據(jù)后文“foralongandexhaustingjourney”指候鳥飛上天開始遷徙。故選C。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每年秋天，數(shù)以百萬計的候鳥飛向天空，進行一次漫長而疲憊的旅行，以避開即將到來的寒冷，在接下來的幾個月里覓食和繁殖。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.bear忍受；C.escape避開；D.enjoy欣賞。根據(jù)后文“thecomingcold”可知，候鳥遷徙是為了避開寒冷。故選C。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：其中許多鳥的飛行距離超過1萬公里，令人印象深刻，但今年，一只小鳥在長途飛行方面超出了所有人的預(yù)期，連續(xù)飛行了13560公里。A.add增加；B.cover覆蓋，走過；C.measure測量；D.calculate計算。根據(jù)后文“impressivedistancesofover10,000kilometers”指飛過多遠的路，應(yīng)用動詞cover。故選B。【24題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：其中許多鳥的飛行距離超過1萬公里，令人印象深刻，但今年，一只小鳥在長途飛行方面超出了所有人的預(yù)期，連續(xù)飛行了13560公里。A.within在里面；B.under在下面；C.for為了；D.beyond超過。根據(jù)后文“allexpectations”指超出了所有人的預(yù)期，應(yīng)用介詞beyond。故選D。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到不間斷的飛行將其飛行能力推向了極限，這一切都是因為一種不尋常的迂回方式可能會讓這只鳥付出生命的代價。A.costed花費、以……為代價；B.saved拯救；C.offered提議；D.changed改變。根據(jù)后文“thebirditslife”指這只鳥付出生命的代價，應(yīng)用動詞cost。故選A。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到不間斷的飛行將其飛行能力推向了極限，這一切都是因為一種不尋常的迂回方式可能會讓這只鳥付出生命的代價。A.recognition識別；B.flight飛行；C.defense防御；D.management管理。根據(jù)后文“capacitytothelimit”此處指鳥的飛行能力。故選B。【27題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：上個月，這只小斑尾鷸從阿拉斯加飛往新西蘭，但不知怎么的，在疲憊的旅程中，這只小鳥走了一條迂回的路，在原來的路線上多走了500公里。A.putoff推遲；B.turnedoff關(guān)閉；C.showedoff炫耀；D.tookoff起飛。根據(jù)后文“fromAlaskatoNewZealand”可知，這只年輕的斑尾鷸從阿拉斯加飛往新西蘭，故選D。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：上個月，這只小斑尾鷸從阿拉斯加飛往新西蘭，但不知怎么的，在疲憊的旅程中，這只小鳥走了一條迂回的路，在原來的路線上多走了500公里。A.tiring累人的；B.exciting令人激動的；C.smooth順利的；D.short短的。對應(yīng)上文“alongandexhaustingjourney”指疲憊的旅程。故選A。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到它的正常飛行路線大約是13000公里，這似乎是一個很小的距離，但實際上這是一個可能造成致命后果的顯著差異。A.gesture手勢；B.route路線；C.sight視力；D.dream夢想。根據(jù)后文“wouldhaveseenitflyaround13,000kilometers”可知，它的正常飛行路線大約是13000公里。故選B。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到它的正常飛行路線大約是13000公里，這似乎是一個很小的距離，但實際上這是一個可能造成致命后果的顯著差異。A.thoughts想法；B.strengths力量；C.consequences結(jié)果；D.diseases疾病。根據(jù)上文提到讓小鳥付出了生命的代價，可知此處指這是一個可能造成致命后果的顯著差異。故選C。【31題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家們借助一個只有5克重的小追蹤器追蹤了這只鳥的飛行記錄。A.track追蹤；B.create創(chuàng)造；C.break打破；D.bring帶來。根據(jù)后文“withthehelpofatinytracker”指通過追蹤器追蹤鳥的飛行記錄。故選A。【32題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：技術(shù)的進步使研究人員能夠在不危及它們的情況下追蹤這種小型鳥類，因為對這種體重只有300到400克的生物來說，增加任何一種明顯的重量都可能使其生命處于危險之中。A.decorating裝飾；B.endangering危及；C.protecting保護；D.preserving保留。根據(jù)后文“asaddinganykindofsignificantweighttoacreaturethatweighsonlybetween300and400gramscouldputitslifeindanger”可知，對于這種體重只有300到400克的生物來說，增加任何一種明顯的重量都可能使其生命處于危險之中。故選B。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：維勒博士估計，在11天的連續(xù)飛行中，這只鳥失去了“一半或更多的體重”，但最終安全著陸。A.water水；B.muscle肌肉；C.weight重量；D.size尺寸。根據(jù)后文“duringthe11-daycontinuousflight”以及常識，遷徙中，鳥持續(xù)飛行會消耗大量的能量，導(dǎo)致體重減少。故選C。【34題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：維勒博士估計，在11天的連續(xù)飛行中，這只鳥失去了“一半或更多的體重”，但最終安全著陸。A.made制作、成功；B.managed管理；C.took帶走；D.appreciated欣賞。根據(jù)后文“ittodrylandsafely”指成功著陸，應(yīng)用makeit。故選A。【35題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：有趣的是，科學(xué)家們還不明白像斑尾鷸這樣的鳥類是如何在這么遠的距離不停下來也不迷路的。A.when何時；B.where在哪里；C.whether是否；D.how如何。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中表示“如何”應(yīng)用how。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。22yearsoldWangChuyanavloggerbasedinSeattle,theUnitedStates,iscreatinganewtrend:mixing