目錄2011年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2015年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2016年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2017年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2018年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30points)1.WTO【答案】世界貿(mào)易組織(WorldTradeOrganization)2.APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)貿(mào)合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)3.EMS【答案】郵政特快專遞服務(wù)(ExpressMailService)4.FBI【答案】美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局(FederalBureauofInvestigation)

5.GPS【答案】全球定位系統(tǒng)(GlobalPositionSystem)6.FOB【答案】離岸價(jià)格；船上交貨價(jià)格(freeonboard)7.IPA【答案】國際音標(biāo)(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)8.NATO【答案】北大西洋公約組織(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)9.Geneticmutation【答案】基因突變10.somebody’scupoftea【答案】某人喜愛的人或事物

11.givethefloorto【答案】給予發(fā)言權(quán)12.thetransferenceofthetitleofproperty【答案】財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓13.mostfavorednations【答案】最惠國待遇14.IntellectualPropertyRights【答案】知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)15.downpayment【答案】首付16.春運(yùn)【答案】TheSpringFestivaltransportseason

17.國際慣例【答案】internationalcommonpractice18.騎虎難下【答案】rideatiger;havenowaytobackdown19.老人節(jié)【答案】theDoubleNinthFestival20.中國十佳宜居城市【答案】tenbestlivablecitiesinChina21.聯(lián)合兼并【答案】conglomerationandmerger22.留職停薪【答案】leavewithoutpay

23.優(yōu)惠關(guān)稅【答案】preferentialduty24.紅白喜事【答案】weddingandfuneral25.安居工程【答案】ComfortableHousingProject26.閉路電視【答案】closed-circuittelevision27.世博紀(jì)念品【答案】Exposouvenir28.入境簽證【答案】entryvisa29.保稅區(qū)

【答案】BondedArea30.不正之風(fēng)【答案】unhealthytendencyII.Directions:Translatethefollowingthreesourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)SourceText1(30points):TheywereSenegalese,theblackestNegroesinAfrica,soblackthatsometimesitisdifficulttoseewhereaboutsontheirnecksthehairbegins.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms,theirfeetsquashedintobootsthatlookedlikeblocksofwood,andeverytinhatseemedtobeacoupleofsizestoosmall.Itwasveryhotandthemenhadmarchedalongway.Theyslumpedundertheweightoftheirpacksandthecuriouslysensitiveblackfaceswereglisteningwithsweat.【參考譯文】他們是塞內(nèi)加爾人，是非洲膚色最黑的人，黑得簡(jiǎn)直難以看清他們頸項(xiàng)上的頭發(fā)從何處生起。他們健碩的身軀罩在舊的卡其布制服里面，腳上套著一雙看上去像塊木板似的靴子，每個(gè)人頭上戴著的鋼盔似乎都小了

一兩號(hào)。天氣正熱，隊(duì)伍已經(jīng)走了很長(zhǎng)一段路，士兵們都被沉重的包袱壓得疲憊不堪，敏感得出奇的黑臉頰上汗水閃閃發(fā)光。SourceText2(30points):Withanimmenseeffortofwill,Imodulatedmyvoice.“Allright,”Isaid.“You’realogician.Let’slookatthisthinglogically.HowcouldyouchoosePeteyBurchoverme?Lookatme—abrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPetey—aknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywho’llneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.CanyougivemeonelogicalreasonwhyyoushouldgosteadwithPeteyBurch?”【參考譯文】我以極大的意志力把語氣緩和下來。“好吧”，我說道，“你是一個(gè)邏輯學(xué)家。那就讓我們從邏輯上分析一下這件事。你怎么會(huì)看中皮蒂，而不是我呢？你瞧我，一個(gè)出色的學(xué)生，一個(gè)了不起的知識(shí)分子，一個(gè)前途絕對(duì)有保障的人。再看看皮蒂，一個(gè)笨蛋，一個(gè)感情無常的人，一個(gè)吃了上頓沒有下頓的家伙。你能提出一個(gè)合乎邏輯的理由來告訴我為什么要跟皮蒂在一起嗎？”SourceText3(60points):孟母教子孟子幼時(shí)家居墓地附近，耳濡目染的盡是些喪葬禮儀的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿著挖墓筑墳的祭奠。孟母感到長(zhǎng)此下去對(duì)兒子的教育不

利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又學(xué)著商人做買賣，怎樣和人討價(jià)還價(jià)，孟母不愿自己的孩子長(zhǎng)大成商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在學(xué)校附近，孟子就跟著學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詩書禮儀，揖讓進(jìn)退等等。孟母認(rèn)為找到了理想的地方，于是決定在這里長(zhǎng)期居住下去。由此可見，孟母深知環(huán)境對(duì)孩子成長(zhǎng)的影響。這就是“孟母三遷”故事的由來。孟子逐漸成長(zhǎng)，一次未到放學(xué)時(shí)間就回家了，孟母把他叫到織布機(jī)旁，讓她看自己織布。織了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，孟母突然用刀子把布割斷，孟子不明白怎么回事，連忙向母親問個(gè)究竟。這時(shí)孟母耐心地對(duì)他說：“你學(xué)習(xí)半途而廢，就如同我把這本來可以織成完整的一匹布割斷是同一個(gè)道理。”母親的諄諄教導(dǎo)，深深地印在孟子的腦海之中，從此他發(fā)奮圖強(qiáng)，刻苦讀書，終于成了戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，也是我國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家。【參考譯文】HowMencius’MotherTeachesHerSonWhenMenciuswasyoung,hisfamilylivednearacemetery,fullyexposedtofuneralceremonies.Heandhisplaymatesimitatedburyingandmourningproceedings.Mencius’motherthoughtthesurroundingswerenotgoodforhiseducationsoshedecidedtomove.Theymovedtoaplacenexttoafair,andMenciusbegantolearnthewaysofbusinesspeople,bargainingandhaggling.Hismotherdidn’twanthersontobecomeabusinessmansoshemovedagain.Thistimetheymovedintothehousenearaschool,andMenciusbegantolearntheClassicsandetiquettealongwiththestudents.Hismotherthoughtthiswastherightplaceforhimanddecidedtostaythereforgood.ThisshowsthatMencius’motherrealizedtheimportanceof

environmentforchildren’sgrowingup.Thesearethestoriesabouthow“Mencius’mothermovedthreetimes.”Menciusgrewupgradually.Oneday,Menciuscamebackhomebeforeschoolletout.Hismothercalledhimtotheloomsideandlethimwatchherweaving.Afteralongtime,shesuddenlycuttheclothshehadwovenwithaknife,muchtoMencius’bewilderment.WhenMenciusasked,hismotherexplained,“Ifyouquitschoolhalfway,it’slikemycuttingtheclothbeforeitiscompleted.”Mother’swordswerefirmlyimprintedontheson’smind.Fromthenon,hestudiedassiduouslyandbecameagreatthinkerandeducatoroftheWarringStatesPeriodandhehasbeenrememberedassuchthroughoutChinesehistory.

2012年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30points)1.WTO【答案】世界貿(mào)易組織(WorldTradeOrganization)2.SARS【答案】非典型肺炎(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)3.GPS【答案】全球定位系統(tǒng)(GlobalPositionSystem)4.PBOC【答案】中國人民銀行(People’sBankofChina)

5.ICJ【答案】國際法院(InternationalCourtofJustice)6.ISO【答案】國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(InternationalStandardizationOrganization)7.EU【答案】歐盟(EuropeanUnion)8.FIFA【答案】國際足球聯(lián)盟(FédérationInternationaledeFootballAssociation)9.IPR【答案】知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)(IntellectualPropertyRights)10.InternationalMonetaryFund【答案】國際貨幣基金組織

11.mostfavorednations【答案】最惠國待遇12.Geneticmutation【答案】基因突變13.Aids【答案】艾滋病(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)14.EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation【答案】歐洲自由貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)15.InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency【答案】國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)16.優(yōu)惠關(guān)稅【答案】preferentialduty

17.紅白喜事【答案】weddingandfuneral18.安居工程【答案】ComfortableHousingProject19.保稅區(qū)【答案】BondedArea20.不正之風(fēng)【答案】unhealthytendency21.春運(yùn)【答案】TheSpringFestivaltransportseason22.第三產(chǎn)業(yè)【答案】tertiaryindustry;servicesector23.閉路電視

【答案】closed-circuittelevision24.不良貸款【答案】badloans25.非處方【答案】OvertheCounter(OTC)26.世界衛(wèi)生組織【答案】WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)27.中國質(zhì)量認(rèn)證中心【答案】ChinaQualityCertificationCenter(CQC)28.運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)/到岸價(jià)【答案】FreeonBoard(FOB)29.國際音標(biāo)

【答案】InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)30.全國人民代表大會(huì)【答案】NationalPeople’sCongress(NPC)II.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)SourceText1:AWaterBridgeAcrossPanamarunsaworld-famous“waterbridge”,andthatisthePanamaCanal.LastsummervacationIwentwithmyparentsonasightseeingtouralongit,whichisstillfreshinmymemory.HavinggottoPanamaCitybyair,weboardedapleasureboatintheportofBalboaandsailedintothecanal.Theboattraveled13kmandreachedthefirstgroupofwaterlocks.ThePanamaCanalisthusa“waterbridge”thatallowsshipstocrosslandbytheopeningandclosingofwaterlocks.Webegan“gettingontothebridge”.Whentheboathadsailedintothelockchamber,thesteelgate,2metersthick,20metershighandwideand

hundredsoftonsinweight,slowlyclosed,andwaterbeganrunningintothechamber,whichcontinuedforafewminutes.Theboatrosewiththewaterandadvancedslowly,pulledalongbypowercarsalongbothbanks.Twoliftslikethatraisedtheboat16meters.Itsailedoutofthelockacrossasmalllakeandcametothesecondgroupoflocks,whichraisedtheboatanother9.5meters.Inthisway,theboat,now26metersabovesealevel,hadgotontothe“topofthebridge”.Itsailedalongthemainchannel,whichstretched13kmbetweenbeautifulhillsassteepasifcutapartwithaswordandcoveredwithgreentreesandcolorfulflowers.TheboatsailedoutofthegorgeandintothewideGatúnLake,withwhitecloudsanddistanthillsreflectedinitandprettyislespassingintoandoutofsight.Afteraleisurelyjourneyof38kmonthelake,theboatcametotheGatúnLocks,andtherebeganits“descentdownthebridge”.TheGatúnLocks,threeinnumber,lookedlikesomanygiganticsteps.Aftergettingthroughthelocks,theboathaddescendedtothesamelevelasthesurfaceoftheAtlanticOcean.ThebeautifulCaribbeanSeacameintoviewasitsailedintotheLimónBay.WehadcomefromthePacifictotheAtlantic,twogreatoceansseparatedbylandbutlinkedbythePanamaCanal.Thecanalis81.8kminlengthand150to304minwidth.Shipsof50,000tonscanpassitunimpededallaroundtheclock.Itistrulyworthyofthenameof“theBridgeoftheWorld”.FullofheartypraisesamIforman’swisdomandcourageintransformingnature!Iadmireyou,thepeopleofPanama!TheguidetoldusthatthePanamanianpeoplehadhighaspirations.Ontheonehand,theywereworkingtoimprovetheexistentcanal,andontheother

hand,theywereplanningforanevenlongerone,which,itwasestimated,wouldtake10yearstocomplete,andwhichwouldbethegreatestprojectinman’shistory.Welookforwardtoitsearlycompletion.【參考譯文】在巴拿馬，有一座世界聞名的“水橋”，那就是巴拿馬運(yùn)河。去年暑假，我跟著爸爸媽媽去巴拿馬運(yùn)河游覽觀光，至今還記憶猶新。我們乘機(jī)抵達(dá)巴拿馬城，然后搭上了一艘游輪，從巴爾博亞港進(jìn)入運(yùn)河。船行13公里后，便到了運(yùn)河的第一組水閘。巴拿馬運(yùn)河就是通過開關(guān)水閘讓船艦跨越陸地的一座“水橋”。我們開始“上橋”了。船駛進(jìn)閘池之后，厚2米，高、寬各20米，重?cái)?shù)百噸的鋼閘門便緩緩地關(guān)閉，閘池里開始注水。幾分鐘后，水漲船高。游輪在兩岸電力機(jī)車的牽引下緩緩前進(jìn)。這樣連升兩級(jí)之后，船已經(jīng)升高了16米。出閘后，再駛過一個(gè)小湖，又到了第二組水閘。經(jīng)過這座水閘，船又升高了9.5米。這樣，船已高出海平面26米，進(jìn)入“橋頂”。我們的游船駛進(jìn)了長(zhǎng)達(dá)13公里的主航道，只見兩岸山如刀削，綠樹紅花，景色十分秀麗。游船出了峽谷，駛?cè)肓藢掗煹募油ê：褂持h(yuǎn)山白云，美麗的小島時(shí)隱時(shí)現(xiàn)。在湖中悠悠航行38公里之后，船來到了加通水閘，從此進(jìn)入了“下橋”段。這座水閘共有三級(jí)，猶如三個(gè)巨大的臺(tái)階。游船經(jīng)過加通水閘后，已經(jīng)降到了與大西洋水面相同的高度。當(dāng)船駛?cè)肜蔀硶r(shí)，美麗的加勒比海便出現(xiàn)在眼前。我們從太平洋來到大西洋，彼此隔離的大洋因?yàn)橛辛税湍民R運(yùn)河而相通。運(yùn)河全長(zhǎng)81.8公里，寬度由150米到304米不等。5萬噸級(jí)的巨輪，

日夜暢通無阻。它無愧于“世界橋梁”的稱譽(yù)。我由衷地贊美人類改造自然的智慧和勇氣！我敬佩你們，巴拿馬人民！導(dǎo)游告訴我們，巴拿馬人民是有志氣的。他們一方面正在改造現(xiàn)在這條運(yùn)河；另一方面，還準(zhǔn)備新建一條更長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)河，預(yù)計(jì)工程需要10年才能完成，它將成為人類有史以來最大的工程。我們期待著它早日完成。SourceText2:信用卡信用卡可以使持卡人以賒賬的方式購買商品，享受服務(wù)。信用卡由零售商店、銀行、信用卡公司發(fā)放給已獲批準(zhǔn)的用戶。銀行或信用卡公司給客戶付賬，按月給客戶開列其消費(fèi)清單，并收取欠款利息。這些金融機(jī)構(gòu)的利潤來源于所收取的高額利息、持卡人認(rèn)購費(fèi)以及允許使用信用卡消費(fèi)單位繳納的代理費(fèi)。信用卡的流行始于加利福尼亞州，20世紀(jì)60年代后期普及到整個(gè)美國和西歐大部分地區(qū)。雖然，信用卡消費(fèi)漸趨受到金融領(lǐng)域更多的歡迎，但許多人仍心存疑慮，把信用卡看成是“先享受，后付款”生活方式的主要表現(xiàn)。信用卡同分期付款、租賃等賒購方式一樣，鼓勵(lì)多消費(fèi)。當(dāng)然，只有魯莽的傻瓜才會(huì)經(jīng)不住誘惑，只顧眼前而入不敷出。其實(shí)，即使沒有信用卡，這種人也無疑會(huì)這樣生活。然而，大量的廣告宣傳促使越來越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到這種塑料小卡的好處。信用卡免去了攜帶大量現(xiàn)金的麻煩，而且信用卡總是可以解燃眉之急。所有信用卡機(jī)構(gòu)都要收取利息，按月計(jì)算，年息可高達(dá)百分之二十五，

但只要你明智地使用信用卡消費(fèi)，你便可以享受到長(zhǎng)達(dá)七星期的無息賒欠。在國外使用信用卡，由于欠款常常需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才入賬，無息賒欠期還會(huì)更長(zhǎng)。在選定某家信用卡之前，最好貨比三家。有必要考慮信用卡的賒款限額、利率——可能略有不同、接收單位（網(wǎng)點(diǎn)）的多少及適用范圍——不過大多數(shù)信用卡在大的加油站、旅館、飯店和百貨商店均可使用，當(dāng)然，還要考慮如果信用卡遺失或失竊，情況會(huì)如何。信用卡竊賊可能會(huì)發(fā)一筆橫財(cái)——尤其是失主沒有及時(shí)報(bào)失時(shí)，損失尤甚。不過，只要你明智地使用信用卡，就毫發(fā)無損。至少，信用卡就能幫你暫渡經(jīng)濟(jì)難關(guān)。【參考譯文】Creditcardsenabletheirholderstoobtaingoodsandservicesoncredit.Theyareissuedbyretailstores,banks,creditcardcompaniestoapprovedclients.Thebankorcreditcardcompanysettlestheclient’sbills,invoicinghimmonthlyandcharginginterestonanyoutstandingdebts.Theirprofitcomesfromthehighrateofinterestscharged,thecardholder’ssubscriptions,andthefeespaidbysomeorganizationsthatacceptcards.FirstpopularinCalifornia,creditcardsspreadthroughouttheUnitedStatesandmostofWesternEuropeduringthelate1960s.Althoughcreditcardsarebecomingamoreacceptablepartofthefinancialscene,theyarestillregardedwithsuspicionbymanyasbeingamajorpartofthe“l(fā)ivingnow,paylater”syndrome.Alongwithhire-purchase,rentalandleasingschemes,theyprovideencouragementtospendmoremoney.Ofcourse,itisonlythefoolhardywhosuccumbtothetemptationtolive,temporarilyatleast,beyond

theirmeans,andsuchpeoplewouldnodoubtmanagetodosoevenwithoutcreditcards.Advertisingcampaignshave,however,promotedagrowingrealizationoftheadvantagesofthesesmallplasticcards.Theyobviateneedtocarrylargeamountsofcashandarealwaysusefulinemergencies.Allthecreditorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmayworkoutas25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterestfreecredit.Usingthecardabroad,whereitemsfrequentlytakealongtimetobeincludedonyouraccount,canextendthisperiodevenlonger.Itisworthyourwhileshoppingaroundbeforedecidingonaparticularcreditcard.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheamountofcreditgranted;interestrateswhichmayvaryslightly;thenumberandrangeofoutlets,thoughmostcardscovermajorgarages,hotels,restaurantsanddepartmentstores;andofcourse,whathappensifyourcardislostorstolen.Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmine,particularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard.However,ifusedwisely,acreditcardcancostnothing.Oratleasthelptotideyouoveraperiodoffinancialdifficulty.

2013年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviations，terminologyorsentencesintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether20itemswithonepointforeach,and5sentenceswith2pointsforeachinthispartofthetest.(30points)1.ICT【答案】信息和通信技術(shù)(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)2.IPR【答案】知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)(IntellectualPropertyRights)3.ISO【答案】國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(InternationalStandardizationOrganization)4.NCA【答案】全國通信協(xié)會(huì)(NationalCommunicationsAssociation)

5.NDRC【答案】國家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)(NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission)6.NPC【答案】全國人民代表大會(huì)(NationalPeople’sCongress)7.LAD【答案】語言習(xí)得機(jī)制(LanguageAcquisitionDevice)8.SLA【答案】航天器-登月艙適配器(SpacecraftLunar-moduleAdapter)9.CIF【答案】到岸價(jià)(CostInsuranceandFreight)10.CBD【答案】中央商務(wù)區(qū)(CentralBusinessDistrict)

11.郵政特快專遞【答案】ExpressMailService(EMS)12.聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局【答案】FederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI)13.全球定位系統(tǒng)【答案】GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)14.東南亞國家聯(lián)盟【答案】AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)15.生物多樣性公約【答案】ConventiononBiologicalDiversity16.氣象衛(wèi)星防衛(wèi)計(jì)劃【答案】DefenseMeteorologicalSatelliteProgram(DMSP)

17.環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)【答案】EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)18.歐洲聯(lián)盟【答案】EuropeanUnion(EU)19.國際足球聯(lián)盟【答案】FédérationInternationaledeFootballAssociation(FIFA)20.全球環(huán)境基金【答案】GEF(GlobalEnvironmentFacility)21.發(fā)展是硬道理。【答案】Developmentistheprimaryprinciple.22.沒有最好，只有更好。【答案】Thereisnobestbutbetter.

23.Personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife,inthedeathsoflovedones.【答案】親人的相繼離世使他的一生充滿了個(gè)人悲劇。24.Consumerslookforthebestvaluesforwhattheyspendwhileproducersseekthebestpriceandprofitforwhattheyhavetosell.【答案】消費(fèi)者購物，總想盡量物有所值；生產(chǎn)者銷售，總想以最合理的價(jià)格獲取最高的利潤。25.Beingignorantoflawsandafraidofbeingexposedtothepublic,theyresortedtosettingthematteroutofcourt.【答案】出于對(duì)法律的無知以及害怕公之于眾，他們把這件事給私了了。Ⅱ.Directions:Translatethefollowingthreesourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)SourceText1(30points):節(jié)日同世界其他地區(qū)一樣，節(jié)日在中國是人們勤于烹調(diào)、飽享口福的時(shí)候。

菜市場(chǎng)魚肉滿架，購物和烹調(diào)成了人們的主要活動(dòng)。但是除了節(jié)慶膳食在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上與平日不同之外，一些歷史悠久、具有象征意義的特色食物也是節(jié)日必不可缺的伴侶。例如，農(nóng)歷五月五日的端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念被昏庸君主貶官放逐而抱石投江自盡的古代詩人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將以竹葉包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自盡的那條江，以祭祀亡靈。今天，人們?cè)诙宋鐣r(shí)節(jié)舉行龍舟比賽，而粽子則由活生生的人來享用。農(nóng)歷八月十五日的中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，進(jìn)而象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅，內(nèi)含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物。春節(jié)是中國的農(nóng)歷新年，春節(jié)的日期按農(nóng)歷而定，通常出現(xiàn)在公歷2月前半期的某一天。大吃大喝歷來是春節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容。除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制一些傳統(tǒng)菜肴，例如北京的餃子、上海的八寶飯和廣州的米羹。全國各地都可以見到形態(tài)各異、口味不一的年糕。年糕這個(gè)詞里的“糕”字與“高”諧音，寓意來年“節(jié)節(jié)高”。【參考譯文】Likeintherestoftheworld,holidaysinchinaareatimetoenjoygoodcookingandeating,Grocerymarketsarewellstockedwithallkindsoffishandmeatandshoppingandcookingbecomemajoractivities.Butinadditiontothequantitativeandqualitativedifferencesapparentinholidaymeals,somespecialtraditionalfoodswiththeirsymbolicsignificanceareindispensableontheseoccasions.TheDragonBoatFestivalonthe5thdayofthe5thlunarmonth(aroundearlyJune)iscelebratedinmemoryofQuYuan,anancientpoetandloyalministerwhodrownedhimselfwhileinexilefromacorruptcourt.Zongzi,akindofglutinousricedumplingwrappedinreedleaves,wereoriginallypreparedassacrificialofferingsforQuYuan’s

departedsoulanddroppedintotheriverwherehedrownedhimself.Today,however,dragonboatracesareheldduringthefestivalandthezongziareconsumedbytheliving.TheMid-autumnfestivalwhichoccursonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth(aroundmid-September)isanoccasionforviewingthefullmoon.Theroundmoonisasymbolforcompleteness,andbyextension,familyreunion.Thespecialtyofthedayistheyuebing(mooncake),aroundpastryfilledwithnuts,candiedpreservedfruits,beanpaste,duckeggyolks,etc.TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalChinesefestival.TheSpringFestivaliscelebratedaccordingtothelunarcalendar,andgenerallyoccurssometimeinthefirsthalfofFebruary.Customarily,lavishlyconsumingfoodanddrinkisamajoractivityduringtheSpringFestival.Inadditiontothepopularseafood,poultryandmeat,regionalcustomdictatesthattraditionalfavoritesshouldbepreparedandconsumed,forexample,jiaozi(boileddumplings)inBeijing,babaofan(asteamedsweetglutinousricepudding)inShanghai,andthesoupofsmallrice-balls(cookedwithporkandchicken)inGuangzhou.ThroughoutChina,niangao(literallymeaningthe“yearcake”,athickseamedpuddingofglutinousriceflour)ismadeinagreatvarietyofshapesandflavors.Thecharacter“gao”inthewordniangaoishomonymouswiththeword“high”,suggesting“growingupandprospering”inthenewyear.SourceText2(30points):AnInnerCriticAphysicianstartsplayingaharshmentaltapeinherheadeverytimeanewpatientcalls:WhatifImakethewrongdiagnosis?I’materribledoctor.How

didIgetintomedicalschool?Anexecutiveloseshisjobdespite25productiveyears,hetellshimself:I’maloser.Ican’tprovideformyfamily,andI’llneverbeabletodoitagain.Ifthesereal-lifeexamplessoundfamiliar,youmayhaveacausticcommentaryrunninginyourhead,too.PsychologistssaymanyoftheirpatientsareplaguedbyaharshInnerCritic—includingsomeextremelysuccessfulpeoplewhothinkit’sthesecrettotheirsuccess.AnInnerCriticcanindeedroustyououtofbedinthemorning,getyouonthetreadmillandspuryoutofinishthatbookorsymphonyorinvention.Butthedesiretoachievecangethijackedbyharshjudgmentandunrelentingfear.Unrelentingself-criticismoftengoeshandinhandwithanxiety,anditmayevenpredictdepression.Self-criticismisalsoafactorineatingdisorders,andbodydisorder—thatis,preoccupationwithone’sperceivedphysicalflaws.Manypeople’sInnerCriticmakesanappearanceearlyinlifeandissuchaconstantcompanionthatit’spartoftheirpersonality.Psychologistssaythatchildren,particularlythosewithageneticpredispositiontodepression,mayinternalizeandexaggeratetheexpectationsofparentsorpeersorsociety.Onetheoryisthatself-criticismisangerturnedinward,whensufferersarefilledwithhostilitybuttooafraidandinsecuretoletitout.Othertheoriesholdthatpeoplewhoscoldthemselvesareactingoutguiltorshameorsubconsciouslyshieldingthemselvesagainstcriticismfromothers:Youcan’ttellmeanythingIdon’talreadytellmyself,eveninharsherterms.Techniquesfromcognitivebehavioraltherapycanbehelpfulinchangingpatternsofthoughtthathavebecomepainful.Therearemanypatients,suchasdoctors,lawyers—whobelievedthatiftheydidn’tflogthemselves,they

wouldn’tbesuccessful.Andpartofpsychologists’workistobreakthroughthatbeliefbytellingthepatientsthattheyusuallysucceedinspiteoftheirInnerCritics,notbecauseofthem.【參考譯文】一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生每次給新病人看病時(shí)腦子里就會(huì)響起一個(gè)刺耳的聲音：我要是診斷錯(cuò)了該怎么辦？我是個(gè)蹩腳的醫(yī)生。當(dāng)初我是怎么混進(jìn)醫(yī)學(xué)院的？一位高管失業(yè)了，雖然此前有過25年的輝煌職業(yè)生涯，他還是不斷地告訴自己：我是個(gè)失敗者。我沒法贍養(yǎng)家人，以后也都不能夠了。如果這些真實(shí)的事例對(duì)你來說感覺非常地熟悉，那么你的頭腦里可能也有那么一個(gè)嚴(yán)厲的聲音在回蕩。心理學(xué)家稱，很多病人都備受苛刻的自我懷疑的折磨——包括一些非常成功的人士，他們認(rèn)為這正是自己成功的秘訣。自我懷疑的確能在清晨把你從床上喚起，敦促你快馬加鞭地干活，盡快去完成手頭那本書、那支曲子或是那項(xiàng)發(fā)明。不過對(duì)于成功的渴求也許會(huì)為嚴(yán)苛的評(píng)判及無休止的恐懼所阻撓。無休止的自我懷疑通常會(huì)帶來沮喪和焦慮，甚至?xí)?dǎo)致抑郁癥。自我批評(píng)也是導(dǎo)致進(jìn)食失調(diào)、自殘、軀體變形障礙癥——即想象自己的身體有缺陷——的因素。很多人在幼年時(shí)期便有了自我批評(píng)的傾向，之后這個(gè)聲音便常伴他們左右，成了他們性格的一個(gè)部分。心理學(xué)家稱，兒童，尤其是那些有抑郁傾向遺傳的兒童，可能會(huì)自己承擔(dān)并夸大父母、同輩或社會(huì)對(duì)自己的期望。有一個(gè)理論認(rèn)為，自我批評(píng)其實(shí)就是沖自身發(fā)泄怒氣，這類人內(nèi)心充滿了敵對(duì)情緒，但是太過憂慮、太沒有安全感，不敢把這種情緒發(fā)泄出來。其他一些理論則認(rèn)為，那些責(zé)備自己的人是在表達(dá)自己的負(fù)罪感或羞辱感，或者是下意識(shí)里保護(hù)自己免遭他人的責(zé)備：你不能再來責(zé)備我了，我自

己已經(jīng)責(zé)備過自己了，用的詞比你還要嚴(yán)厲呢。各種認(rèn)知行為療法還有助于改變給人帶來痛苦的思維模式。經(jīng)常有一些醫(yī)生、律師類的病人，他們相信如果他們對(duì)自己沒有那么苛刻，就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)在的成功。心理醫(yī)生的部分工作內(nèi)容就是打破那種成見并告訴他們通常來說人的成功跟自責(zé)無關(guān)，他們并不是因?yàn)樽载?zé)而成功的。SourceText3(60points):TheLinguisticSystemThereareasmanyasthreethousandlanguageswhicharespokentoday.Theselanguagesareverydifferentfromeachother.Indeed,itisprimarilythefactthattheyaresodifferentastobemutuallyunintelligiblethatallowsustocallthemseparatelanguages.Aspeakerofoneofthem,nomatterhowskillfulandfluent,cannotcommunicatewithaspeakerofanotherunlessoneofthem,aswesay,“l(fā)earnstheother’slanguage.”Yetthesedifferences,greatastheyare,aredifferencesofdetail—ofthekindsofsoundsusedandthewaysofputtingthemtogether.Intheirbroadoutlines,intheirbasicprinciples,andeveninthewaytheyapproachcertainspecificproblemsofcommunication,languageshaveagreatdealincommon.Weareallintimatelyfamiliarwithatleastonelanguage,yetfewofuseverstoptoconsiderwhatweknowaboutit.Thewordsofalanguagecanbelistedinadictionary,butnotallthesentences,andalanguageconsistsofthesesentencesaswellaswords.Speakersuseafinitesetofrulestoproduceandunderstandaninfinitesetofsentences.Theserulescomprisethegrammarofalanguage,whichislearnedwhenyouacquirethelanguage.The

grammarofalanguageincludesthesoundsystem,howwordsmaybecombinedintophrasesandsentences,andthewayinwhichsoundsandmeaningsarerelated.Thesoundsandmeaningofwordsarerelatedinanarbitraryfashion.Thatis,ifyouhadneverheardtheword“grammar”,youwouldnot,byitssounds,knowwhatitmeant.Language,then,isasystemthatrelatessoundswithmeanings,andwhenyouknowalanguage,youknowthissystem.Thislinguisticknowledge,orlinguisticcompetence,isdifferentfromlinguisticbehavior,knownaslinguisticperformance.Ifyouwokeuponemorninganddecidedtostoptalking,youwouldstillhavetheknowledgeofyourlanguage.Ifyoudonotknowthelanguage,youcannotspeakit;butifyouknowthelanguage,youmaychoosenottospeak.Languageisatoolofcommunication.Butiflanguageisdefinedmerelyasasystemofcommunication,thenlanguageisnotuniquetohumans.Weknowbirds,bees,crabs,spiders,whales,andmostothercreaturescommunicateinsomeway.However,therearecertaincharacteristicsofhumanlanguagenotfoundinthecommunicationsystemsofanyotherspecies.Abasicpropertyofhumanlanguageisitscreativeaspect—aspeaker’sabilitytocombinethebasiclinguisticunitstoformaninfinitesetof“well-formed”,orgrammatical,sentences,mostofwhicharenovel,neverbeforeproducedorheard.Thegrammarofhumanlanguagecangenerateinfinitemessages,apropertyuniquetothehumanspecies.【參考譯文】今天人們使用的語言多達(dá)三千種。這些語言各不相同。一個(gè)基本的事實(shí)是：這些語言迥然不同，無法相互交流，所以我們把它們稱為獨(dú)立的語言。說其中一門語言的人，無論其熟練程度和流利程度有多高，都無法

同說另一門語言者交談，除非他們中間有一人如同我們所說的那樣“學(xué)會(huì)了另一人所說的語言”。但語言之間的差異，盡管相差甚遠(yuǎn)，卻都是細(xì)節(jié)上的差異，如語音類別及語音組合方式的不同。從語言的概貌、基本原則及對(duì)一些具體的交際問題的處理方法來看，語言有著諸多的共同點(diǎn)。我們每人至少通曉一門語言，但幾乎沒有人會(huì)捫心自問，我們對(duì)這門語言到底有多少了解？語言包括詞匯，也包括句子，語言的詞匯可以在詞典中列出，但并非所有的句子都能收到詞典里。說話者可以運(yùn)用一組數(shù)量有限的規(guī)則來表達(dá)和理解數(shù)量無限的句子。這些規(guī)則組成了語言的語法體系，你在習(xí)得語言的同時(shí)學(xué)到了語法。語法包括語音系統(tǒng)，包括詞匯是如何組成短語和句子的，還包括語音和語義如何對(duì)應(yīng)起來等問題。詞音與詞義的聯(lián)系是任意劃定的。這就是說，倘若你從未聽到過“語法”這個(gè)詞，你便無法從這個(gè)詞的發(fā)音上知曉它的詞義。因此，語言是一種將語音與語義聯(lián)系在一起的體系。當(dāng)你會(huì)講某種語言時(shí)，你便有了這個(gè)體系的知識(shí)。這種語言知識(shí)，或者叫做語言能力，有別于語言行為，或者叫做語言操作。某天早晨你醒來后決定不說話了，而你仍然具有所操語言的知識(shí)。如果你沒有這種語言知識(shí)，你便不會(huì)說這種語言。但是如果你有這種語言知識(shí)，你可以選擇不說這種語言。語言是交際的工具。但是如果語言的定義僅僅是一種交際系統(tǒng)，那么語言便不是人類的專有品。我們知道，大部分生物如鳥、蜜蜂、蟹、蜘蛛、鯨等，都有某種交際方式。然而，人類語言的某些特征卻是任何其他物種的交際系統(tǒng)所不具備的。人類語言的一個(gè)基本屬性是創(chuàng)造性，即說話者的語言創(chuàng)造能力，也就是說，說話者能夠?qū)⒄Z言的基本單位組合起來，生成無限多的符合語法規(guī)則的句子，而大部分生成的句子卻是說話者自己從未說過或從未聽到過的新句子。人類語言的語法系統(tǒng)可以生

成無限多的語言信息，這就是人類所特有的物種屬性。

2014年山東科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingphrasesandsentencesintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether20phraseswithonepointforeach,and5sentenceswith2pointsforeachinthispartofthetest.(30points)1.lightheart【答案】輕松愉快的心情2.milkthebull【答案】緣木求魚；作徒勞無益的事3.killtime【答案】消磨時(shí)間4.thedecimalsystemofcounting【答案】十進(jìn)制計(jì)算法

5.fulfillourplanaheadofschedule【答案】提前完成我們的計(jì)劃6.fillsomeonewithlonging【答案】某人充滿期待7.governmentaid【答案】國家援助8.aspringineverystep【答案】每一雙腳步都充滿著生機(jī)9.agiantofaman【答案】巨人10.thepurchasingpower【答案】購買力

11.柳色青青【答案】greenwillows12.風(fēng)姿翩翩【答案】bedapperinappearance13.拉住我的胳膊【答案】takemyarm14.敵人的增援部隊(duì)【答案】theenemyreinforcements15.人才外流【答案】braindrain16.衣食住行【答案】basicnecessities17.善與惡

【答案】goodandevil18.工藝精湛【答案】exquisiteworkmanship19.經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域【答案】fieldsofeconomyandtrade20.國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序【答案】newinternationaleconomicorder21.Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.【答案】他們制定了一種新方法，采用之后產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)迅速得到提高。22.IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestsofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.【答案】英國應(yīng)該繼續(xù)成為歐盟中積極而充滿活力的一員，這是符合我國人民利益的，對(duì)此我深信不疑。

23.Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthenineteenthcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisitfoundfree,owingtoitsalwaysbeingcombinedwithotherelements.【答案】鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起，由于這個(gè)原因，在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。所以，鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。24.中國是世界上最早的文明古國之一，對(duì)人類文化的發(fā)展，曾做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。【答案】Withherincrediblecontributionstotheculturaldevelopmentofmankind,Chinaisoneoftheearliestcivilizedcountriesintheworld.25.這家工廠大搞技術(shù)革新，充分利用當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源，生產(chǎn)出大量的、多種多樣的藥品。【答案】Goinginfortechnologicalinnovationandmakingfulluseoflocalresources,thisfactorynowturnsoutawiderangeofmedicinesingreatquantities.II.Directions:Translatethefollowingthreesourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120points)

SourceText1(20points):黃鶴樓雄踞長(zhǎng)江之濱，蛇山之首，背倚萬戶林立的武昌城，面臨洶涌浩蕩的揚(yáng)子江，相對(duì)古雅清俊晴川閣。登上黃鶴樓，武漢三鎮(zhèn)的旖旎風(fēng)光歷歷在目，遼闊神州的錦繡山河也遙遙相望。獨(dú)特的地理位置，以及前人流傳的至今的詩詞、文賦、楹聯(lián)、匾額、摩巖石刻和民間故事，使黃鶴樓成為山川與人文景觀相互倚重的文化名樓，與湖南岳陽樓、江西滕王閣并稱為“江南三大名樓”，素來享有“天下絕景”和“天下江山第一樓”的美譽(yù)。【參考譯文】LocatedonthetopofSnakeHill,theYellowCraneTowerstandsagainstWuchang,facesthevastYangtzeRiverandtheelegantQingchuanPavilion.Afteryouascendthetower,thecharmingsceneryofthethreetownsofWuhanisvividlyseenandthevastexpanseofthebeautifulmountainsandriversarealsoinsight.Thankstoitsuniquegeologicallocation,andthepoems,prose,couplets,stonescriptsandfolkstories,theYello