InstrumentApproachesGPSandRNAVApproachesOverviewGPSandVOR/DMERNAVapproachesprovidegreaterdesignflexibilityWithGPS,smallerairportscanhaveinstrumentapproacheswithnoneedforgroundbasednavigationequipmentProceduressimilartootherapproaches,butequipmentismorecomplexWhat’sComing!

GarminG1000FromSkylanetoMustangGlass-panelcockpitsarereplacingthemorefamiliar“rounddial”cockpits.TheDifferenceintheDialsAirspeedAltitudeAttitudeDG/HSIVerticalSpeedTurnRateSkidandSlipWherearetheneedleandball?G1000BlockDiagramG1000Multi-FunctionDisplay(MFD)FMSControlsEngineandSystemsInstrumentswithdetailedcylinderinformationandleanassistCanDisplay:TopographicDataTerrainTrafficLightning(Stormscope)WeatherSamecontrolsasonPFD,andautomaticallyrevertstoPFDimageifPFDshouldfail(ReversionaryMode)AutopilotGPSEquipmentRequirementsAsasolesourcefornonprecisionapproaches:ReceiverInstallationmethodSupplementssectionofAFMwilltellyouiftheequipmentmeetsFAArequirementsHandheldsnotcertifiedforIFRnavigation(butmaybeusedasaidtosituationalawareness)MustmeetFAArequirementsReceiverAutonomousIntegrityMonitoring(RAIM*)ContinuallymonitorsreliabilityofGPSsignal4satellitesisenoughfortriangulation5satellitesgivesyouintegritymonitoringPredictionofRAIM*availabilityInformationisavailablefromFSSastowhichsatellitesareavailableforyourETA.OtherRequirementsIFRapprovedGPSrequires:ExternalAnnunciators–abilitytodisplayVOR/HSIinfo,andbeadvisedoferror,waypointetc.messages.CDIdisplayWhenGPSisselectedtheannunciatoralertsyouto:receivermessageswaypointpassageapproachmodeenabledwaypointholdNavigationDatabaseLoadedbymagneticcardwaypointsfixesstationidentifiersUpdatedregularlyMUSTbecurrentforIFRnavigationYoumaynoteditdatabase,butyoucanadduser-definedwaypointsforVFRuseonlyGPSDifferencesFordistance,GPSisalwaysTOthenextwaypointAlongTrackDistance(ATD)DifferentfromDMEbecauseit’snotslantrangeDiscrepancywith“DME”varieswithaltitudeanddistancefromstation.GPSisactualdistance.OtherGPSDifferencesHeadingmayvaryslightlyfrompublishedcoursesduetoalgorithmusedbyGPSforvariationWaypointSequencingTO-TONavigationHoldModesuspendsauto-sequencingApproachmodedropafterFAWPrequiresyoutogomissedapproachDoNOT

touchGPSbetweenFAF&MAP…thatistheFAWPandMAWP…aSensorFinalApproachWaypointisusedinnonprecisionapproacheswithnoFAF.MissedApproachRoutingNotalwaysfromMAPdirecttoamissedapproachholdingwaypoint(MAHWP)Soflythedesignatedtrack,likeaspecificcourse.GPSCDISensitivityGPSunitusuallyconnectedtoaVORindicatororHSICourseDeviationIndicatorMeasuresabsolutedeviationfromcourseinnauticalmilesSensitivity:>30NMENROUTEsensitivity=5nmfulldeflection<30NMTERMINALsensitivity=1nmfullscaledeflectionWithin2NMoffinalapproachwaypointAPPROACHsensitivity=0.3nmeithersideoffinalapproachcourseRadarVectorstoaGPSApproachManuallysequencetoalegDon’tacceptorrequestradarvectorswhichinterceptfinalapproachcoursewithin2nmofFAWP

GPSwillautomaticallyrampdowntoapproachsensitivity(.3NM)2NMPRIORtoFinalApproachWaypointRNAV(GPS)APPROACHTYPESGPSOverlayofpre-existingnon-precisionapproachesVOR/DMEbasedRNAVapproachesStand-aloneRNAV(GPS)approachesRNAV(GPS)approacheswithverticalguidance(APV)RNAV(GPS)precisionapproaches(WAASandLAAS)GPSOverlayAGPSApproachOverlayisanauthorizationforpilottouseGPSavionicsunderIFRforflyingdesignatedexistingnon-precisioninstrumentapproachprocedures,withtheexceptionofLOC,LDAandSDFproceduresGPSCONSIDERATIONS:

OVERLAYAPPROACH

SequenceofwaypointsArmingtheApproachModeTurningpromptsProcedureturnpromptRAIMcheck2nmbeforeFAWPMissedapproach–manuallysequencesincein“holdmode”Stand–aloneRNAV(GPS)approachGPSstandaloneapproachDesignedsolelyforGPSThisiswhereBasicTreallycomesinRequirements:Fortheapproach,monitoringofconventionalequipmentoptionalwhenRAIMavailableBackupnavigationsystemrequiredforEnrouteApproachprocedureOTHERTHANGPSrequiredatanyrequiredalternateAlternateairportmusthaveconventionalNAVAIDapproachaswellTheBasicTApproachDesignRNAVSegments

IAF

IF

FAF

MAPAlldistancesare… Optimumlength Allsegmentsmayvary.TerminalArrivalArea(TAA)

NewSymbolsinthePlanViewSectionTerminalArrivalArea(TAA)TAAmaybeusedinsteadof

MinimumSafeAltitude(MSA)

EitheraTAAorMSAwillbeprovided.TerminalArrivalArea(TAA)

PlanviewLegendTerminalArrivalArea(TAA)RNAV(GPS)RWY21LPRCThisapproachisdesignedinthebasic‘T’arrangementGPSRWY12

PRC(Half“T”)RNAV/GPSApproachRNAV/GPSApproachThepilotapproachesSUSIIWaypointfromOMLIE(theIAF)atorabove3,000’Thedistancewillbe5NMFromBAKEE,thepilotwilldescendtoMDAandproceedtotherunwayendMDAfortheStraight-InRunway5approachis720’IfthepilotdoesnotseetheairportortheairportenvironmentattheMAPwaypoint,he/shemust“gomissed.”ThepilotthenproceedstoBAKEE,theFAF,onacourseof048o,descendingto1,900Thedistancewillbeanother5NMRNAV/GPSApproachMissedApproachGPSPrecisionApproachesRequiredverticalaccuracyneedsadditionalequipment.Wideareaaugmentationsystem(WAAS)SeeAIM1-1-20LargeareacoveragewithrelativelyfewgroundfacilitiesWhatisWAAS?WideAreaAugmentationSystemWAASDevelopmentPlannedbyandfortheFAAUsesgeostationarysatellitesandgroundstationsBroadcastsdifferentialcorrectionsAvailabilityspecifiedat99.9%Coverage:EntireU.S.Expectedavailability:NOWWAASGPSSatellitesGeostationarySatelliteretransmitstheDifferentialGPScorrectionsoverawideareaDifferentialGPScorrectionsfromagroundreceiveraretransmitteduptoageostationarysatelliteWAASInstrumentApproachProcedureRNAV(WAAS)SpecificSymbolsThesymbolindicatesoutagesoftheWAASverticalguidancemayoccurdailyduetosystemlimitations.WAASNOTAMsforverticaloutagesareNOTprovidedforthisapproach.UseLNAVminimaforflightplanningpurposesasdestinationoralternate.AstheWAAScoverageisexpandedthesymbolwillberemoved.LNAVNon-PrecisionApproachMinimaNon-PrecisionApproachesprovidelateralguidanceonly,descentisstagedatspecificdistancesalongtheapproach. LNAV

VDPVASI

RNAV(GPS)approacheswithverticalguidance(APV)

BaroVNAVtemperaturelimitations.Baro-VNAVapproachesarenotauthorizedinareasofhazardousterrain,noraretheyauthorizedwhenremotealtimetersettingisrequired.ChartInformationWebbasedInformationProductInstrumentProceduresHandbookFAA-H-8261-1/terps/IPH.htmVOR/DMERNAVHeartisthecourselinecomputer(CLC)Programwaypointsbyradial&distancefromVORsCalledphantomVORsAbsolutedeviation(nm)ratherthanangulardeviation(radials)WaypointsforVOR/DMERNAVapproachesar