Whatisacliché?cliché是什么？

Herearesomeexamplesoffamiliarclichédexpressions:下面是兩例常見的老套表達：—We’restillassickasaparrotabouttheresult.—Whenit’sallsaidanddone,attheendoftheday,IcansayImadeadifferenceintheworld.Thefirstcomesfromanewspaper,thesecondfromthetranscriptofatelevisionnewsprogramme.第一個例子來自一份報紙，第二個來自電視新聞節目的文本。

Clichésarewordsandphrasesthathavebeenusedsooftenthatthey’renolongerveryinterestingoreffective.Theymayhavestartedoutasacolourful,inventivephrase,likeassickasaparrot,butthey’vebeenpickedupandusedsowidelyandindiscriminatelythatthey’velosttheirimpactandbecomestale.clichés指由于過分使用而不再有趣或有效果的詞匯和短語。它們最初可能是富有創意、引人入勝的短語，比如assickasaparrot，但被過于廣泛、隨意地使用，以至失去影響力，變了味兒。

Clichésarepartofoureverydayspeech—weoftendon’trealizethatwe’reusingthem.Theyalsooccurespeciallyfrequentlyincertaintypesofwriting(suchasjournalism)orareasofactivity(suchassport,business,orpolitics),asdemonstratedbythetwoexamplesabove.clichés是我們日常言語的一部分——我們常常沒有意識到正在使用它們。正如上述兩例所示，這些表達還尤其頻繁地出現在某些類型的寫作（如新聞報道）或活動領域（如體育、商業或政治）中。

What’swrongwithusingclichés?使用clichés有什么不妥？

Whenyou’rewritingonamoreformallevel,it’sbettertotrytoavoidusingclichés.Theytendtoannoypeople,especiallyifthey’reoverused,andtheymayevencreateanimpressionoflazinessoralackofcarefulthought.Somepeoplejusttuneoutwhentheyhearaclichéandsotheymaymissthepointthatyou’retryingtomake.在撰寫較為正式的文章時，最好避免使用陳詞濫調。它們往往會惹惱人，尤其是一些詞匯過度使用甚至會給人留下懶惰或不經認真思考的印象。有些人會自動屏蔽那些陳詞濫調，因此可能錯過你想表達的觀點。

Here’salistofsomecommonclichéstolookoutforandavoid:以下是一些常見的clichés，供參考并盡量避免：attheendoftheday最終，到頭來backontrack重回正軌thefactofthematter實際情況fewandfarbetween寥寥無幾alevelplayingfield公平競爭的環境inthisdayandage在這個時代toallintentsandpurposes達到所有目的whenall’ssaidanddone當塵埃落定inthefinalanalysis歸根到底comefullcircle周而復始parforthecourse意料之中thinkoutsidethebox跳出框框思考avoidsomeoneorsomethingliketheplague像避開瘟疫般避開某人或某事inthecurrentclimate在目前環境下massexodus大舉遷徙atthismomentintime此時此刻thepathofleastresistance最小阻力路徑abaptismoffire一次火的洗禮，嚴峻考驗inanyway,shape,orform在任何情況下fitforpurpose量身定制，有的放矢

Actionpoints行動要點

Onceyou’vespottedaclichéinyourwriting,youneedtorephraseyoursentence.在寫作中一旦發現cliché，就需要重新措詞。

Herearesometipsandstrategiestohelpyoudothis.以下是一些提示和應對策略，希望有所幫助。01Thinkaboutwhattheclichéactuallymeans想想這個cliché到底是什么意思

Thinkaboutthebasicsenseoftheexpression:whatdoesitactuallymean?You’llprobablyfindthatsomekeywordscometomindeitherassynonymsoras‘ingredients’oftheoverallmeaning.Nowyoucan:想想這個表達的基本含義：到底是什么意思？你很可能會想到一些關鍵詞，要么是同義詞，要么是整體意思的“一部分”。現在你可以：—useoneofthesekeywordstoreplacetheclichéaltogether——從想到的關鍵詞中選一個完全替換cliché—lookthemupinathesaurustofindotheralternatives——在同義詞詞典中查找其他替換詞

Ifyoufinditdifficulttocomeupwiththebasicmeaning,trylookingtheclichéupinadictionary.Thenyoucanusethewordsinthedictionarydefinitionasastartingpointforfindingsuitablesynonymsinathesaurus.如果覺得很難總結出基本意思，那就在詞典中查查這個cliché。然后以詞典定義為基礎，在同義詞詞典中查找合適的替換詞。02Decidewhetheryouactuallyneedtheexpressionatall想想是否真的需要這個表達

Quitealotofclichésarejustlong-winded‘fillers’,i.e.wordsorgroupsofwordsusedjusttomaintaintheflowofspeech,ortopadoutaspeechorpieceofwriting.Ifyouidentifyaclichédexpressionofthissort,youcanjustremoveitaltogether.Wordy,overusedphrasesmightincreasethelengthofapieceofwritingbuttheywon’timproveitsgeneralquality.很多cliché只是長篇大論中的“填充劑”，比如使用一些單詞或詞組只是為了保持演講的流暢性，或是為了襯托某個演講或某篇文章。如果認定這個表達屬此類情況，那就可以整個刪除。過度使用的冗長短語會增加文章篇幅，卻不會提高文章整體質量。03Rewriteyoursentence改寫句子

Herearesomeexamplesofhowyoumightgoaboutreplacingclichésinyourwriting.Firstyou’llseeasentencecontainingacliché(inbold).Thesecondcolumngivesitsmeaning,withkeywordshighlightedinbold,thethirdgivessomesuggestionsforhowtotakeaction,andinthefinalcolumntheoriginalsentenceisrewrittenwithoutthecliché.以下是一些在寫作中如何替換cliché的例子。第一欄，含有某個cliché（粗體）的句子；第二欄，分析其含義，給出粗體關鍵字；第三欄，提出操作建議；最后一欄，原句被改寫，消除了cliché。

ORIGINALSENTENCEMEANINGORKEYWORDSSUGGESTIONSFORACTIONREWRITTENSENTENCEInthisdayandage,websitesareoneofthemostsignificantpublic

facesofanyorganization.nowadays,todayuseoneofthekeywordsinstead,orlookthemupinathesaurusToday,websitesareoneofthemostsignificant

publicfacesofanyorganization.Hisfirstjob,inanindustrialareaoftheUK,

provedtobe

abaptismoffire.a

difficultintroduction

toanewjoboractivityusethekeywordsorfindsynonymsinathesaurusHisfirstjob,inanindustrialareaoftheUK,

provedtobeadifficultstarttohiscareer.Thelong-termprospectsfortheserviceare

lookingfairlybleak

atthismomentintime.nowusethekeywordorlookupanalternativeThelong-termprospectsfortheserviceare

currentlylookingfairlybleak.Attheendoftheday,itistheministerhimselfwhohastomakethe

decision.finally,ultimatelyuseoneofthekeywordsorlookupalternativesUltimately,itistheministerhimselfwhohastomakethedecision.Theauthoritiesannouncedthattheywouldnot

toleratedrugswithinthesport

inanyway,shape,orform.underanycircumstancesmainlyusedforemphasisandcanbeomittedwithoutchangingthemeaningTheauthoritiesannouncedthattheywouldnottoleratedrugswithinthesport.Intheclosingscene,thefilm

comesfull

circle.returntoapreviouspositionorsituationrewordalongthelinesofthemeaningIntheclosingscenes,thefilmreturnstothe

ideaswithwhichitbegan.The1970swereatimewhendetentionwithouttrialwas

parforthecourse.whatis

normal

orexpectedinacertainsituationrewordalongthelinesofthemeaning,usethekeyword,orlookupsynonymsforitThe1970swereatimewhendetentionwithouttrialwasanormaloccurrence.Children’sservicesinthecity’shospitalswerenot

fitforpurpose,accordingtothereport.meet

the

requiredstandardsrewordusingthemeaninggiven,orfindsynonymsforthekeywordsChildren’sservicesinthecity’shospitalswere

notmeetingtherequiredstandards,accordingtothereport.Thecompanyconsidersthatthisrequirement

is,

toallintentsandpurposes,impossibletoachieve.inallimportantrespectsmainlyusedforemphasisandcanoftenbeomittedThecompanyconsidersthatthisrequirementis

impossibletoachieve