語法專題10非謂語動詞語法專題10非謂語動詞【定義】非謂語動詞是一些特殊的動詞，它們在句中不能單獨作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語。非謂語動詞分不定式、動名詞和分詞三種。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，在特殊情況下有時to可以省略。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也具有動詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動名詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補語。【知識歸納】動詞不定式功能例句主語TospeakEnglishwellisn’taneasyjob.賓語Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.賓語補足語Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.定語Heisalwaysthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.表語Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.狀語目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.結(jié)果Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.【特例清單】1.不定式作賓語(1)一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的wouldlike，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等例：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一場電影嗎?(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末例：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式：whynotdo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…2.不定式作賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系例：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他將收音機的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage后面常接動詞不定式作賓語補足語例：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母親鼓勵我學(xué)日語。【注意】還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listento)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to例：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系(2)如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~例：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)例句too…to結(jié)構(gòu)Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.Not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑問詞+不定式作主語Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作賓語Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.作表語Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.【特例清單】1.動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動詞不定式例：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.【注意】在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of例：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句例：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)課堂總結(jié)課堂總結(jié)即學(xué)即練：Alanoftengoestotheoldpeople’shome________uptheoldandtakecareofthem.A．cheer B．cheering C．cheered D．tocheer—Ican’tdecidehowtodowithsomanyoldclothes.—Whynotsend_____themtoacharity?A．tosend B．sending C．send D．sent3.—Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway________English?—Weshoulduseiteveryday.learn B．learns C．tolearn D．Learning4、Theforeignerspokeveryslowlyandtriedtomakehimself________．

A.understand B.understandingC.understood D.tounderstand5.It’sapleasure________ageniuslikeyou,DrEinstein.A．drive B．driving C．drove D．todrive6.—Doesyourmothermakeyou________houseworkeveryday?—No.Infact,Ioffer________thedisheseveryday.A．do;todo B．doing;todo C．do;doing D．todo;doing7.Youlooktired.Letme________

youtocarrytheseboxes.

Thankyou,butIcanmakeit.A.helping

B.help

C.helped

D.tohelp動詞ing形式功能例句主語Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.賓語Ifinisheddoingmyhomework.表語Thenurse’sjobislookingafterthepatients.定語Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.賓語補足語Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.狀語Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.【特例清單】1.英語中一些詞后常跟動名詞作賓語。初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),havefun(玩得高興),feellike(想要),beusedto(習(xí)慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)2.主語+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.例：I’mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高興再次見到你。I’msorrytohearthat.聽到這個消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析課堂總結(jié)課堂總結(jié)即學(xué)即練：Don’tforget________ittomewhenyoufinishreadingthebook.A．tobring B．bring C．bringing D．brought—Ihavetrouble________mynewputer.—Don’tworry.I’llshowyouhow________it.A．using;using B．using;touse C．touse;touse D．touse;usingDuringourholidays,weshouldavoid________upatnight.A．stay B．tostay C．stayed D．staying4.ALifelongJourneywinshighpraisefromthepublic.Ithinkitiswellworth________.A．watch B．towatch C．watching D．watched5.Spendmoretime________English________youcangetagoodgradeinthefinalexam.A．learning；sothatB．tolearn；sothatC．learning；becauseD.tolearn;because動詞的過去分詞功能例句表語Thedoorremainedlocked.定語Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisnowadepartmentstore.賓語補足語Iheardmynamecalled.狀語Heatedwaterchangesintosteam.【特例清單】英語中過去分詞可作賓補(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。例：Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(賓補與賓語有被動的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài))1.過去分詞用在get,have,make的后面，注意“have+賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已經(jīng)請人把我的自行車修好了。B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受……影響，蒙受……損失”Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.上個月在公汽上我的錢包被偷了。2.“make+賓語+過去分詞”,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽見。3.過去分詞用在感官動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.到學(xué)校時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。4.過去分詞用在“with+賓語＋賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.那個小偷被帶了進來，他的手被綁在背后。5.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關(guān)系，其動作與謂語動作同時進行過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關(guān)系，其動作先于謂語動作不定式作賓補：表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作Hedidn’tnoticemewaiting.他沒有注意到我正在等IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽見這首歌被用英語唱了。Isawhimopeningthewindow.我看見他正在開窗戶。Isawthewindowopened.我看見窗戶被開了。Isawhimopenthewindow.我看見他開了窗戶。IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.我聽見她用英語唱了這首歌。課堂總結(jié)課堂總結(jié)堂中測堂中測一、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．IthinkthattheseTVplaysarefun___________(watch).2．NewYear'sDayisthetimefor________(wash)awaybadthingsinthatcountry.3．Peoplegoonthestreetsto___________(throw)waterateachotherduringThaiNewYear.4.Henry'suncleisplanning____________(take)atriptoKunming.5.RosethinkstheEnglishmovieisn’tthatinteresting_________(watch).6．Hismotherrefused______(give)himmoremoney.7．Helefthisdog______(tie)uptoatreeinfrontofhishouse.8．RedSorghumisafamousnovel________(write)byMoYan.9.EarthDaywascreatedtoremindpeople______(care)abouttheearth—thehometoallthelivingthings.10.AtfirstIwantedtotakeataxi,butIendedup_______(walk)herebecauseoftheheavytraffic.二、選擇填空1.Lisaplans________anewpicturenextweek.A．drawB．todraw C．drawingD．draws2.Thebighousewithapoolwill________somuchmoneyandhecan’tafford________it.A．spend;topay B．take;buying C．cost;topayfor D．pay;tobuy3.AnnaisgoingonatourofXi'an，andshewantsto________Chinesehistory.A．dreamofB．learnaboutC．lookthroughD．passon4.Theshowwassofunnythatitmadeeveryone________againandagain.A．laughB．laughedC．laughingD．tolaugh5.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents________childrenathomealone.A．leaveB．toleaveC．notleaveD．nottoleave6.Lookatthesign“Noswimming”.Itwarnsus_____inthelake.A.toswimB.nottoswimC.swimming7.Dianausedto______towork,butnowsheisusedto______becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.A.drive;walking B.drive;walkC.driving;walk D.driving;walking8.MaxisfromFrance，buthehasagreatinterestinbooks________inChinese.A．writeB．writingC．wroteD．written專題09：課后作業(yè)專題09：課后作業(yè)一．選擇題1.Myfatherhaspromised________metoafootballmatch.A．takesB．takingC．totakeD．took2.—Doyouhaveanyplacesfortheingvacation?—Sure.Wedecide________SanshainJuly.A．visitB．visitingC．visitedD．tovisit3.Ifoundaletter________onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.A．lyingB．layC．lieD．lies4.Juliahelpedhermother________theknivesandforksatthetablebeforedinner.A．gooutB．giveoutC．putupD．layout5.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger，wewarnparents________childrenathomealone.A．leaveB．toleaveC．notleaveD．nottoleave6.—Youlooksotired.—Mymothermakesme________playingthepianofortwohourseveryday.A．practiceB．topracticeC．practicingD．practiced7.—Don’tmakeanynoise.Yourbrotherisbusy________forhisexam.—Okay,mom.Iwillbequietathome.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepares二，填空題11.Ourteachersoftenwarnusagainst_____________(swim)intheriver.12.Myparentsoftenremindme__________(study)hard.13.Doctorsaretryingtopreventthedisease___________(spread)inthecountry.14.Myparentsalwaysremindmeof_________(study)hard.15．Thedoctorwarnedhim________(drink)less，buthedidn'tlisten.16．Mr.Wangoftenwarnshisstudents_______(keep)promisesatanytime.17．Theyendedup___________(climb)ontothetopofthemountain.18.Itisnotgood__________(steal)thingsfromothers.19.Weshoulddomore____________(spread)Chinesespirit,ChinesevalueandChinesestrength.20．Ithinkit'sfun___________(dress)upintheparty.21．Don'tsweet-talkmeinto________(treat)youtoice-creamthistime.22．It'ssaidthatkeepingdogswon'tmakeyou_____(feel)lonely.TheNetherlandsneedsthousandsofnewhousesbecausethecountry____36____(have)agrowingpopulation.Anyway,itmaynothavetobuildallthosehouses.Someof____37____(they)canbeprinted.____38____(recent),thegovernmenthasbeenworkingtogetherwithauniversityandsomebuildingpanies(公司)tobuildhousesthatarefully3Dprinted.Asvolunteers,anoldcouplehasbeethefirstpeopleinEuropetomoveintosuch____39____house.Withtwo____40____(bedroom)andabiglivingroom,thehousewasbuiltlayer(層)bylayer,usingahuge3Dprinterandspecialcement(水泥).Afterbeingprintedout,thehouse____41____(carry)byatrucktothebuildingsite,andaroof(屋頂)andwindowswerelateradded.Ittookaround120hours____42____(finish)this3Dprintedhouse.Usually,ittakesaboutoneortwoyearstobuildahouseinthe____43____(tradition)way.Thecouplewilllive____44____thishouseforsixmonths,withamonthlypayof800euros(歐元).Thecostseemsalittlebithigh,buttheythinkitismuchcheaper_____45_____livinginthehotel. Justtheotherday，IwasinabookshopandfoundabooknamedHowtomakefriendswithforeigners．AsaCanadianlivinginChinaforayear．Iwondered56．_______adviceaChinesewriterwouldgiveonthismatter． Onepieceofadvicereallycaughtmyattention，Imustsay，mademefeelquiteangry．Inthewriter'sopinion，foreignersarea“chance”toimproveyourspokenEnglish．Wheneveryou57．_______（g