精讀高考真題(十六）高考英語真題是英語學習的寶藏，精讀一篇遠勝過刷題十篇。相較于教材、日常習題，高考真題的語料更加新穎、更有針對性。長期精讀高考真題有利于增強英語學習的信心，從而極大提高學習英語的效率。一、真題再現PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?

A.Costly.

B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.

D.Successful.25.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?

A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.

C.Sheisingoodcondition.

D.Sheissensitivetoheat.26.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

（2021年全國甲卷B篇）二、語篇導讀：本文的語篇類型是新聞報道，主題語境為人與自然。文章主要介紹了在PortLympne保護區的部分黑犀牛現狀。三、重點單詞（詞性轉換詞、熟詞生意詞、超綱詞）和短語1.reserven.（動植物）保護區，自然保護區2.runvt.管理，經營，實施（熟詞生義）runa...programme開展一個......項目bedelightedwith...對......感到高興bedelightedtodo...樂意做......areknownfor...因......而聞名headn.負責人，主管人（熟詞生義）beeager(for)todo...渴望（某人）做......first-timeadj.首次的，第一次的openn.戶外，野外，曠野（形容詞轉名詞）（熟詞生義）warmup（變）暖和adorableadj.可愛的，惹人喜愛的adorevt.崇拜，敬仰return...to...把......送回protectedadj.受保護的（分詞形容詞）protectedareas自然保護區protectv.保護tellvt.判斷，辨別（熟詞生義）greatgrandmother曾祖母accordingto...根據......，按照......dropaslowas...銳減至......criticallyadv.極其，嚴重地criticaladj.嚴重地，危急的endangeredadj.遭到危險的，（動植物）瀕危的（分詞形容詞）criticallyendangered極度瀕危的endangervt.使遭危險，危及，使（動植物）瀕于滅絕dangern.危險costly

adj.花錢多的，代價大的new-bornadj.新出生的（合成詞）ingoodcondition處于良好狀態，健康besensitiveabout/to...對......感到敏感的beopento...對......開放thepublic公眾aimtodo...目的在于......continuedoing/todo...繼續做......四、關鍵結構和長難句1.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.1).thetinycreature指代上一句中的arareblackrhinocalf。thetinycreature是上義詞；arareblackrhinocalf是下義詞。arareblackrhinocalf是泛指；thetinycreature是特指。2).句中的tobebornatthereserve是一個動詞不定式短語做后置定語，修飾the40thblackrhino。相當于定語從句：thatwasbornatthereserve。英語中，當名詞前有序數詞、first、next、last或形容詞最高級修飾時，通常用動詞不定式后置定語。E.g.Thelastonetoarrivepaysthemeal.最后一個到的人付飯錢。Thiscompanywasthefirsttoproduceportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.這個公司是世界上第一個生產便攜式錄音機和盒式錄音機的公司。Thedeepestholeevertobeboredonlandwentdown25,340feet.陸地上曾經鉆的最深的洞深約25340英尺。Thenextmantoapproachmewassellingexpensivepensandwatches.下一個接近我的下一個男人正在賣貴的鋼筆和手表。【參考譯文】當這只小家伙與一月三十一日出生時，她便成為了在保護區出生的第40頭黑犀牛。AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity.1).especiallyas...是一個由as引導的原因狀語從句。2).tobreedincaptivity是形容詞difficult后面的補足語，as從句的主語blackrhinos是breed的賓語。英語里有一些形容詞，如easy，fit，difficult，hard，awkward，convenient，impossible，pleasant，tough，unpleasant等，要求一個及物動詞來做它們的補足語。但在語義上，句子的主語便是動詞不定式的賓語。g.Shewasextremelydifficulttoplease.很難使她稱心如意。Jackiseasytofool.杰克容易受愚弄。Mostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossibletoerase.我們的恐懼大都是沒有根據的，但是要把他們消除卻是不可能的。當動詞不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞時，需加上介詞：E.g.Heisdifficulttodealwith.他是很難對付的。Themanishardtoworkwith.這個人很難共事。【參考譯文】Lympne港的官員們對新到來的犀牛感到高興，特別是在黑犀牛以難以圈養繁育而聞名的情況下。It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.1).本句是一個由but連接的并列句。后一分句是一個復合句：assoonas引導的時間狀語從句；主句為Ihavenodoubt，后面that引導的同位語從句和doubt互為同位語。2).在“too+形容詞（或副詞）+to+動詞原形”結構中，“to+動詞原形”雖然形式上是肯定的，但在意義上卻是否定的。E.g.Bacteriaaretoosmalltobeseenbythenakedeye.細菌太小，肉眼是看不見的。Thenewsistoogoodtobetrue.這消息太好了，簡直叫人不能相信。Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.他激動得一句話也說不出來。Butthesewereonlydaydreams,muchtooheavenlytobecontemplated.但是，這些愿望都只是白日夢，因為它們太美妙了，簡直叫人不敢相信真的會實現。與此相似，在“too...for...”結構中，介詞for后面的名詞或名詞短語往往也可以理解為具有否定的意義:E.g.Itistoohotforwork.天太熱，不能工作。You’redrivingtoofastforsafety.你開車太快，是不安全的。Butthesmokewastooblackforstrawfire.然而煙太黑，不可能是稻草著的火。但“onlytoo...to+動詞原形”卻沒有否定意義。這是因為onlytoo是一個固定短語，意思是“非常”、“實在”。類似的還有alltoo，buttoo，quitetoo等。E.g.Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.我非常高興幫助你。I’monlytoogladtohushthematterup.我很高興把這件事隱瞞下來。Theyarealltoosatisfiedtotaketheopinionsofotherswithoutthepainofthoughtforthemselves.他們都滿足于不費腦筋思考就采納別人的觀點。Theyarebuttoogladtodoso.他們很高興這樣做。3).句中forthemtogooutintotheopen是一個動詞不定式的復合結構形式，them是goout的主語。for用于引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語。E.g.Itisimpossibleforustogobyplane.我們坐飛機去是不可能的。Forustotakepartinthediscussionwouldbeaconflictinterest.我們參加討論，就會造成利害沖突。4).havenodoubtthat...意為“毫不懷疑......

”、“毫無疑問......”。doubt用作名詞，that引導同位語從句E.g.Ihavenodoubtthathewillovercomeallhisdifficulties.我毫不懷疑他將克服所有的困難。Thereisnodoubtthattheworldisgettingwarmer.地球無疑在變暖。【參考譯文】天氣還是有點太冷，他們不能出門到戶外去，但天氣一轉暖，我毫不懷疑，小家伙就會出去，每天都在探索和玩耍。Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.1).本句是一個由but連接的并列句。后面一個分句中，it是一個形式主語，正真的主語是后面的totellif...；其中tell后面接的是一個if引導的賓語從句。2).bornthisyearatthereserve是一個過去分詞短語做后置定語，修飾rhino，相當于定語從句：thatwasbornthisyearatthereserve。.在“Itis/was+adj.+動詞不定式”結構中，it是形式主語，后面的動詞不定式是正真的主語。E.g.It'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.讓你在晚宴聚會上有趣并不難。Itisalltooeasytoblametherailwayauthoritieswhensomethingdoesgowrong.一旦鐵路上真出了問題,人們便不加思索地責備鐵路當局。4).make用作連系動詞，意為“成為”。E.g.Cooper’sgoingtomakeagooddoctoroneday.庫柏終有一天會成為一名好醫生。Fairytalesmakegoodlessonsforchildren.童話故事對孩子們很有教育意義。5).tobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild是動詞不定式的被動語態形式做定語，修飾candidates。相當于定語從句：whowillbereturnedto...。動詞不定式的被動語態形式（tobedone）做定語，表示將要發生的動作，且與其所修飾的名詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。E.g.Theairporttobecompletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年即將完工的機場將促進這個地區旅游業的發展。We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemadeatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.半個小時后我們將舉行個會議，會上作出的決定將會對我們公司的未來產生影響。用done做定語，表示被動與完成；用beingdone做定語，表示被動與進行：E.g.Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天舉行的會議很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.現在正在舉行的會議很重要。【參考譯文】這頭可愛的雌性小犀牛是今年在保護區出生的第二頭黑犀牛，但要判斷這些小犀牛是否會成為返回野生保護區的好候選者還為時過早。ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.weigh是連系動詞，表示“重......”，“重量是......”。E.g.Theboyweighs50kilos.這個男孩重50公斤。=Theboyis50kilos(inweight).【參考譯文】1月5日，在林普恩港出生的第一頭犀牛來到了它的第一位母親基西馬身邊，體重約32公斤。AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status是現在分詞短語做狀語，表示結果，其邏輯主語是theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500這件事。相當于一個which引導的非限制性定語從句：whichgavetherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status。E.g.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.數百萬英畝的濕地被抽干來解決不斷增長的人口的吃與住，這極大地減少了水禽的棲息地。（=...,whichgreatlyreducedwaterfowlhabitat）Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產品的關系。（=...,whichforcedviewerstore-examine...）【參考譯文】根據世界野生自然基金(WWF)表示，全球的黑犀牛的數量已經銳減至5500頭，這也使得犀牛處于“極度瀕危的”狀態。Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.young是形容詞做主語they的補語，用以說明主語they的情況。在“主語+不及物動詞（非連系動詞）+形容詞（或名詞）”結構中，形容詞（或名詞）用來說明主語的性質、狀態、特征等，通常被稱為主語補語。E.g.Theymarriedyoung.他們結婚時很年輕。Hecameindrunk.他醉醺醺地走了進來。Hediedhappy.他幸福地死去。Nomanisbornwise.誰也不是生下來就聰明的。Thefireisburninglow.火勢開始變弱。Hecamehomesafe.他安全到家。Gerhandstoodtheremotionlessanotherminuteorso.格哈特在那里一動不動地又站了大約一分鐘。WhenIcamein,Ifoundshefellunconsciousonthefloor.我進來的時候，發現他倒在地上，沒有意識。這種主語補語也可以用名詞來充當：E.g.Hediedapoorman.他死時很貧窮。Lincolnwasbornapoorfarmer’sboyanddiedPresidentoftheUnitedStates.林肯出生時是一個貧苦農民的兒子，死時則是美國總統。【參考譯文】他們在年幼的時候被帶到保護區。【答案】DCAD（祁兆國）【附：學案】精讀高考真題(十六）高考英語真題是英語學習的寶藏，精讀一篇遠勝過刷題十篇。相較于教材、日常習題，高考真題的語料更加新穎、更有針對性。長期精讀高考真題有利于增強英語學習的信心，從而極大提高學習英語的效率。一、真題再現PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?

A.Costly.

B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.

D.Successful.25.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?

A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.

C.Sheisingoodcondition.

D.Sheissensitivetoheat.26.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

（2021年全國甲卷B篇）二、語篇導讀：本文的語篇類型是_________，主題語境為__________。文章主要介紹了________________________________________。三、重點單詞（詞性轉換詞、熟詞生意詞、超綱詞）和短語1.reserven.2.runvt.runa...programmebedelightedwith...bedelightedtodo...areknownfor...headn.beeager(for)todo...first-timeadj.openn.warmupadorableadj.adorevt.return...to...protectedadj.protectedareasprotectv.tellvt.greatgrandmotheraccordingto...dropaslowas...criticallyadv.criticaladj.endangeredadj.criticallyendangeredendangervt.dangern.costly

adj.new-bornadj.ingoodconditionbesensitiveabout/to...beopento...thepublicaimtodo...continuedoing/todo...四、關鍵結構和長難句1.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.1).thetinycreature指代上一句中的arareblackrhinocalf。________________是上義詞；___________________________是下義詞。arareblackrhinocalf是______指；thetinycreature是_____指。2).句中的tobebornatthereserve是一個___________做___________，修飾______________。相當于定語從句：________________atthereserve。英語中，當名詞前有序數詞、first、next、last或形容詞最高級修飾時，通常用動詞不定式后置定語。E.g._____________one________________paysthemeal.最后一個到的人付飯錢。Thiscompanywas____________________________portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.這個公司是世界上第一個生產便攜式錄音機和盒式錄音機的公司。___________________holeever______________________onlandwentdown25,340feet.陸地上曾經鉆的最深的洞深約25340英尺。___________man_____________mewassellingexpensivepensandwatches.下一個接近我的下一個男人正在賣貴的鋼筆和手表。【譯文】_______________________________________________________。AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity.1).especiallyas...是一個由as引導的________________。2).tobreedincaptivity是形容詞difficult后面的_______________，as從句的主語_____________________是動詞breed的____________語。英語里有一些形容詞，如easy，fit，difficult，hard，awkward，convenient，impossible，pleasant，tough，unpleasant等，要求一個_____物動詞來做它們的補足語。但在語義上，句子的主語便是動詞不定式的______語。g.Shewasextremelydifficult_____________.很難使她稱心如意。Jackiseasy_______________.杰克容易受愚弄。Mostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossible_____________.我們的恐懼大都是沒有根據的，但是要把他們消除卻是不可能的。當動詞不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞時，需加上______：E.g.Heisdifficult_______________.他是很難對付的。Themanishard__________________.這個人很難共事。【譯文】______________________________________________________。It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.1).本句是一個由but連接的__________句。后一分句是一個________句：assoonas引導的__________________；主句為__________________，后面that引導的__________從句和doubt互為_________語。2).在“too+形容詞（或副詞）+to+動詞原形”結構中，“to+動詞原形”雖然形式上是______的，但在意義上卻是________的。E.g.Bacteriaaretoosmall______________bythenakedeye.細菌太小，肉眼是看不見的。Thenewsistoogood______________.這消息太好了，簡直叫人不能相信。Hewastooexcited__________________.他激動得一句話也說不出來。Butthesewereonlydaydreams,muchtooheavenly__________________.但是，這些愿望都只是白日夢，因為它們太美妙了，簡直叫人不敢相信真的會實現。與此相似，在“too...for...”結構中，介詞for后面的名詞或名詞短語往往也可以理解為具有_________的意義:E.g.Itistoohot___________.天太熱，不能工作。You’redrivingtoofast________________.你開車太快，是不安全的。Butthesmokewastooblack_____________.然而煙太黑，不可能是稻草著的火。但“onlytoo...to+動詞原形”卻沒有否定意義。這是因為onlytoo是一個固定短語，意思是__________________。類似的還有alltoo，buttoo，quitetoo等。E.g.Ishallbe________________pleasedtohelpyou.我非常高興幫助你。I’m______________gladtohushthematterup.我很高興把這件事隱瞞下來。Theyare__________________satisfiedtotaketheopinionsofotherswithoutthepainofthoughtforthemselves.他們都滿足于不費腦筋思考就采納別人的觀點。Theyare_____________gladtodoso.他們很高興這樣做。3).句中forthemtogooutintotheopen是一個動詞不定式的_________結構形式，them是goout的______語。for用于引出動詞不定式的____________。E.g.Itisimpossible_______________________.我們坐飛機去是不可能的。___________________thediscussionwouldbeaconflictinterest.我們參加討論，就會造成利害沖突。4).havenodoubtthat...意為____________、___________。doubt用作_____詞，that引導__________從句E.g.Ihave_______________hewillovercomeallhisdifficulties.我毫不懷疑他將克服所有的困難。Thereis__________________theworldisgettingwarmer.地球無疑在變暖。【譯文】_____________________________________________________。Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.1).本句是一個由but連接的______句。后面一個分句中，it是一個________，___________是后面的totellif...；其中tell后面接的是一個___引導的_______。2).bornthisyearatthereserve是一個_________形式__________，修飾_______，相當于定語從句：_________________thisyearatthereserve。.在“Itis/was+adj.+動詞不定式”結構中，______是形式主語，后面的動詞不定式是__________。E.g.______notdifficult__________yourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.讓你在晚宴聚會上有趣并不難。_______isalltooeasy_________therailwayauthoritieswhensomethingdoesgowrong.一旦鐵路上真出了問題,人們便不加思索地責備鐵路當局。4).make用作連系動詞，意為__________。E.g.Cooper’sgoingto________agooddoctoroneday.庫柏終有一天會成為一名好醫生。Fairytales_________goodlessonsforchildren.童話故事對孩子們很有教育意義。5).tobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild是_________的_________形式做______語，修飾__________。相當于定語從句：_________to...。動詞不定式的被動語態形式（tobedone）做定語，表示______________，且與其所修飾的名詞之間是邏輯上的_________關系。E.g.Theairport______________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年即將完工的機場將促進這個地區旅游業的發展。We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________________atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.半個小時后我們將舉行個會議，會上作出的決定將會對我們公司的未來產生影響。用done做定語，表示_____________；用beingdone做定語，表示_____________：E.g.Themeeting___________yesterdayisveryimportant.昨天舉行的會議很重要。Themeeting______________nowisve