模塊2專題1A(2020·全國卷I·B)Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth，andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange，peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue，theolderIget，themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading，it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow，becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst，whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964，it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm，herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight：SelectedPoems，becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks，thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts，whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat，whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary，rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember，it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriterreaderrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?A．Debt. B．Reward.CAllowance. D．Facevalue.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry. B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious. D．Heteachesreading.【解題導引】第一步速讀全文，抓住主旨本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。第二步細審題干，定位原文24．推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵信息詞like定位第一段最后兩句和第二段第一句。作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解。故選D項。25．推理判斷題。根據題干信息定位第三段中作者對第一本書的介紹。由關鍵信息“hisclassicmemoirof1920sParis”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”，可判斷出AMovableFeast是一本關于海明威年輕時的生活的回憶錄。故選B項。26．詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞前面“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary”可知，前后句為轉折關系。根據上下文的語境可推知“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem”意為“但是重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由句意和信息詞pay判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報”。故選B項。27．推理判斷題。根據題干中關鍵信息“abouttheauthor”可定位倒數第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight：selectedpoems，becausepoetry.由“becausepoetry”推斷作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。第三步重疊選項，確定答案通過題干的關鍵詞，在文中找到信息區間，仔細對比各選項，確定答案。B(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·D篇)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學)，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens，andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers，amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawellexploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein，aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories：thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’playswellwithothersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships，jumpstartinterpersonalskillsand，whentappedearly，areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence：statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed，Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool，aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool，are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy，Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents，scoringtheleastliked，themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調查研究)．“Wefoundthattheleastwelllikedteenshadbeemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment，highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing，kindness，openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion：Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutes，butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutes，too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage，”hesaid.1．Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A．Unkind. B．Lonely.C．Generous. D．Cool.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationofthepopular.B．Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C．Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D．Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.3．WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A．Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B．Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C．Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D．Theyperformedwellacademically.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB．TheHighertheStatus，theBetterC．BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD．MoreSelf－Control，LessAggressiveness【解題導引】第一步速讀全文，抓住主旨本文是一篇說明文。文章從社會心理學視角討論青少年小學與中學階段的成長經歷，論述了個體受歡迎程度對青少年的影響。第二步細審題干，定位原文1．推理判斷題。根據題干中的關鍵詞“earlyyearsofelementaryschool”可定位到第一段第一句，根據句意和sharing一詞可推知，作者上小學的時候是一個慷慨大方的人。故選C項。2．段落大意題。根據第二段第二句可知Dr.Prinstein教授將受歡迎的人分為兩類，第三句和第四句分別用“Thelikables’...”和“Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence...”引出后文內容，恰恰就是介紹了受歡迎的兩類人：討人喜歡型和追求地位型。同時本段第二句中的關鍵詞o...(把……分成……)與A項中的classification相呼應，所以A項可以概括本段大意。3．推理判斷題。根據題干信息定位文章第四段最后一句中的“Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究發現，最討人喜歡的孩子往往適應性強。B項中的adaptable一詞與第四段中的adjustment一詞相呼應。故選B項。4．標題判斷題。通讀全文并根據最后一段第一句可知，本文主要介紹了研究者發現討人喜歡對青少年成長有深遠的有益影響，因此A項作為標題最合適。第三步重疊選項，確定答案通過題干的關鍵詞，在文中找到信息區間，仔細對比各選項，確定答案。C(2018·全國卷Ⅰ·C篇)Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers，small，tightlyknit(聯系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobeefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalpulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettermunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages，oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1,000；Africa2,400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers)，ChiapanecoinMexico(150)，LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one，withaquestionmark)：noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．plex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.3．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.4．Whatis