Thepastperfecttense&ThepastperfectpassivevoicePeriod3Unit3FoodandCulture目錄CONTENTS語境感悟語法精講達標(biāo)檢測010302第一章語境感悟。閱讀以下短文，找出含有過去完成時的句子。JosephPulitzerwasbornonApril10,1847,inHungary.HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizeninthe1860s.HehadanumberofdifferentjobsafterhemovedtoAmerica.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.Whileinthelibraryoneday,hebeganchattingtotwoeditorsofaGerman-languagenewspaper.Theyofferedhimajob.Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25，hehadbecomeapublisher.In1878,hefoundedthenewspaperSt

Louis

Post-Dispatch.Pulitzerworkedtirelessly,fromearlyinthemorninguntilmidnight.Hispaperpublishedarticlesaboutpoliticsandsocialissues,accusinggovernmentofficialsofdishonestyandwealthypeopleofnotpayingtheirtaxes.Salesofthenewspapershotup.In1883,PulitzerboughttheNew

York

World.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategythathadbeenemployedattheSt

Louis

Post-Dispatchandsalesofthenewspapermountedupuntilitwasthebest-sellingnewspaperinthecountry.UnderPulitzer’sleadership,itwasthefirsttimethatjournalistshadbeentrainedatuniversitylevel.In1892,heofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.Pulitzerdiedin1911.Oneyearafterhisdeath,theColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.Sixyearsafterhisdeath,thefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.第二章語法精講一、概念過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)肯定形式haddonehadbeendone否定形式hadnotdonehadnotbeendone一般疑問句had＋主語＋donehad＋主語＋beendone特殊疑問句疑問詞＋had＋主語＋done疑問詞＋had＋主語＋beendone練一練1.Hehadhandledtheproblemby9∶00thismorning.改為否定形式:Hehadnothandledtheproblemby9∶00thismorning.改為一般疑問句：Hadhehandledtheproblemby9∶00thismorning？2.她母親來之前房間就已經(jīng)被打掃好了。Thebedroomhadbeencleanedbeforehermothercame.她母親來之前什么已經(jīng)被打掃好了？Whathadbeencleanedbeforehermothercame？三、具體用法1.表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。

與過去完成時連用的時間狀語常有：by＋過去的時間點；bytheendof＋過去的時間點；before＋過去的時間點；還可以通過上下文來暗示。Theelegantladyhadfinishedreadingthepieceofsciencefictionbynineo’clocklastnight.到昨天晚上九點，這位優(yōu)雅的女士已經(jīng)讀完了那本科幻小說。MorethanthreethousandEnglishwordshadbeenlearnedbytheendoflastterm.到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了三千多個英語單詞。MorethansixhundredtreeshadbeenplantedbeforelastWednesday.在上周三前已經(jīng)種了600多棵樹。Theybecamehomelessagain，fortheirhousehadbeendestroyedintheearthquake.他們又一次無家可歸了，因為他們的房子在地震中被毀掉了。Ihadbeenexposedtosunlightforthirtyminuteswhenabusfinallyarrived.我在陽光下曬了30分鐘，公共汽車終于來了。Theboywasremindedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.這個小男孩被提醒還未交作業(yè)。2.動詞think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等時，意為“本想/希望/打算/計劃做某事”。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們本來希望能來看看你。Ihadintendedtospeakupatthemeeting，butatlastIgaveupduetomyshyness.我本打算在會上發(fā)言，但由于害羞，最后我放棄了。3.過去完成時還可用在hardly...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)；Itwasthefirst/second/...time(that)...(這是第一次/第二次/……做某事)等固定句型中。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhewasinterruptedbytheaudience.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。NosoonerhadIgothomethantherainpoureddown.我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下。ItwasthethirdtimethatIhadgained

qualificationsforparticipatinginsuchameaningfulactivity.這是我第三次獲得參加如此有意義的活動的資格。Itwasthefirsttimethatwehadbeenintroducedattheconference.這是我們第一次在會議上被介紹。提示過去完成時可以用于虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反。返回第三章達標(biāo)檢測AsateacherMyoldfriend,Jerry,1.

(live)intheMediterraneanregionformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandhadplanned2.

(settle)downinthecountry.Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanhe3.

(buy)ahouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,it4.

(rain)continually

anditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Jerrygotashock.Heactedasifhe5.

(notlive)inEnglandbefore.閱讀下面短文，用所給詞的正確形式填空hadlivedtosettleboughtrainedhadn’tlivedIntheend，itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hehadhardlyhadtimetose