B卷2023年度外科住院醫師臨床技能競賽[復制]（理論考試B卷）姓名：[填空題]*_________________________________1.Amale,26yearsold,wasinjured10minutesagobyacrashingwallwithseverelydeformedface.Nowhehasdyspneaandstablebloodpressure.Supposeyouareout-calledwiththeambulance,whichofthefollowingmeasuresisoptimumforemergencytreatment.[單選題]*A.endotrachealintubationB.thyrocricocentesis(正確答案)C.cardiopulmonaryresuscitationD.electricaldefibrillationE.facemaskwithgasbagpressureventilation2.胸腔穿刺抽取一定液體后,患者出現持續咳嗽,應該注意[單選題]*A.提示胸腔積液排放到一定程度,肺已開始復張,抽液體需要慎重,必要時停止操作(正確答案)B.鼓勵咳嗽,以利于進一步排凈胸腔積液C.給予鎮咳藥物,繼續抽取液體D.讓患者平臥位,繼續抽液體E.提示傷及肺,引起氣胸3.患者在胸腔穿刺過程中出現胸膜反應時,最重要的處理措施是[單選題]*A.停止操作,平臥觀察(正確答案)B.高流量吸氧C.靜脈推注糖皮質激素D.靜脈推注利尿劑E.靜脈推注葡萄糖4.正常側臥位腦脊液初壓為[單選題]*A.70~180mmH2O(正確答案)50~150mmH2OC.100~200mmH2O70~170mmH2OE.90~180mmH2O5.一名45歲女性患者,因“進行性四肢無力伴大小便潴留2周”就診,既往有淋巴瘤病史,為明確脊髓病變的性質行腰椎穿刺術,抽取15ml腦脊液送常規、生化、細菌學及脫落細胞學檢查。以下有助于預防術后頭痛的正確措施是[單選題]*A.腰椎穿刺后頭部抬高45°B.多飲水(正確答案)C.盡可能用粗的穿刺針D.腰椎穿刺針的針尖斜面垂直于患者軀干的長軸E.以上都正確6.Topreventandcontrolurinarytractinfectionrelatedtothecatheter,thecorretapprachis[單選題]*A.thecatheterismistakenlyinsertedintothevagina,andthecathetershouldbeimmediatelypulledoutandre-insertedwiththeoriginalcatheterB.thecatheterwaterballoonshouldbefixedintheinnermouthoftheurethraC.collectingbagheighthigherthanbladderlevelD.changingcollectingbagandcatheterdailyE.encouragingpatientstodrinkmorewater(正確答案)7.Thedepthofsternalpunctureislessthen[單選題]*A.1cm(正確答案)B.1.2cmC.1.5cmD.2.0cmE.2.5cm8.Theflowingcomplicationsofabdominocentesis,whichoneisnotcorrect[單選題]*A.hepaticencephalopathyB.bleedingC.pleuralreaction(正確答案)D.infectionE.electrolytedisorder9.以下哪項不是行腹腔穿刺術的目的[單選題]*A.檢查腹腔積液性質B.給藥C.抽取積液D.檢驗腹璧血管走行(正確答案)E.進行診斷和治療疾病10.WhatisthecorrectvolumetoinjectgasintothegastricpouchofSengstaken-Blakemoretube[單選題]*A.>500mlB.<100mlC.200~300ml(正確答案)D.400~500mlE.2000ml11.三腔二囊管使用過程中發生窒息的原因是[單選題]*A.喉頭水腫B.牽引過緊C.胃氣囊阻塞咽喉(正確答案)D.血流反流氣管E.食管氣囊氣過多12.Whichpatientshavehighriskoftensionpneumothoraxduringthethoracentesis[單選題]*A.patientswithseverehemodynamiccompromiseB.patientswithsevererespiratorycompromiseC.patientsreceivingmechanicalventilation(正確答案)D.patientswithsmalleffusionsE.patientswithspontaneouspneumothoraxhistory13.Thedepthofnasogastricinsertionisabout[單選題]*A.30~35cmB.40~45cmC.55~60cm(正確答案)D.60~65cmE.65~70cm14.成人心肺復蘇判斷脈搏的部位在[單選題]*A.施救者同側頸動脈(正確答案)B.施救者對側頸動脈C.橈動脈D.施救者同側股動脈E.施救者對側股動脈15.心臟電除顫描述正確的是[單選題]*A.雙相波除顫器效果優于單相波除顫器B.只針對可除顫心律的患者進行除顫(正確答案)C.除顫后一定認真檢查患者,看是否心跳已經恢復D.除顫后立即開始人工通氣E.除顫的心尖部電極放在胸骨左緣第4肋間16.房顫電轉復的指征是[單選題]*A.房顫伴緩慢心室率B.房顫伴快速心室率(正確答案)C.左心房大，內徑>45mmD.左室有附壁血栓E.伴洋地黃中毒17.患者發生房顫超過48h,擇期做電轉復,正確的抗凝治療方法是[單選題]*A.電轉復前口服華法林2周,轉律后需繼續抗凝3周B.電轉復前口服華法林3周,轉律后需繼續抗凝4周(正確答案)C.電轉復前口服華法林3周,轉律后需繼續抗凝2周D.電轉復前口服華法林4周,轉律后需繼續抗凝1周E.電轉復前口服華法林2周,轉律后需繼續抗凝2周18.Thepurposeofindwellingcatheterizationdoesnotinclude[單選題]*A.patientswithurinaryincontinence，toprotecttheskinoftheexternalpudendalareaandkeepcleananddryB.preparationbeforepelvicsurgeryC.reductionofwoundinfectionaftersurgeryonanusandperineumD.rescueofcriticallyillpatients；observationandmonitoringofrenalfunctionE.takesamplesofmid-sectionurineforbacterialculture(正確答案)19.Mrs.Hu,female,75yearsold.Shewassufferingfromdifficultybreathing,wasgivingoxygeninhalation,andinhaledoxygenconcentrationof33%,whichisthepatients'oxygenflow(perminute)[單選題]*A.2LB.3L(正確答案)C.4LD.5LE.6L20.通常每次吸痰的時間為[單選題]*A.<30sB.<25sC.<20sD.<15s(正確答案)E.<10s21.Toaspiratesputumforacceptedtracheotomyandmechanicallyventilatedpatient,whichisthefirstandmostimportantmeasurepreferred[單選題]*A.2minutesofpureoxygenabsorption(正確答案)B.adjusttheappropriatenegativepressureC.attractoralsecretionsD.attractafterballoondeflationE.attractbeforeballoondeflation22.注射前需核對的內容不包括[單選題]*A.藥品名稱B.床號C.患者姓名D.患者年齡(正確答案)E.藥品劑量23.Whichofthefollowingmeansofmedicationadministrationisthefastestabsorption[單選題]*A.oralmedicationB.subcutaneousinjectionC.intramuscularinjectionD.intravenousinjection(正確答案)E.intradermicinjection24.以下哪種因素不是皮下注射出血的原因[單選題]*A.注射時針頭刺破血管B.患者凝血機制障礙C.拔針后局部按壓時間長(正確答案)D.按壓部位不準確E.服用抗凝劑25.不符合無痛注射技術的一項是[單選題]*A.分散患者注意力B.取合適體位,使肌肉放松C.進針后、注射前禁忌抽動活塞(正確答案)D.做到“兩快一慢”,即進針快、拔針快、注藥慢E.肌內注射刺激性強的藥物宜采取深部注射26.Thenurseispreparingtogiveamedicationtoapatient.Priortodoingthis,shereviewsthefive“rights”ofdrugadministrationexcept[單選題]*A.therightmedicationB.therightdoseC.therightorder(正確答案)D.therightrouteE.therighttime27.血氣分析樣本如果在室溫放置時間延長,可能造成檢查結果的偏差,其中不可能出現的是[單選題]*A.樣本CO2分壓升高B.樣本HCO3-下降C.樣本pH降低D.樣本02分壓下降E.樣本pH升高(正確答案)28.Whichsequenceofthestructuresiscorrectfromoutsidetoinsideinthefemoraltriangle[單選題]*A.femoralvein,femoralartery,femoralnerveB.femoralartery,femoralvein,femoralnerveC.femoralnerve,femoralvein,femoralarteryD.femoralnerve,femoralartery,femoralvein(正確答案)E.femoralartery,femoralnerve,femoralvein29.Forwhichkindofexaminationwouldpatientbeaskedtokeepfasting[單選題]*A.hepatitisBvirussurfaceantigenB.completebloodcellC.liverfunctionandrenalfunction(正確答案)D.C-reactiveproteinE.renalfunction30.股靜脈穿刺時,穿刺點位置及針頭與皮膚的角度應為[單選題]*A.股動脈內側0.5cm,針頭與皮膚呈90°或45°(正確答案)B.股動脈外側0.5cm,針頭與皮膚呈90°或45°C.股動脈內側0.5cm,針頭與皮膚呈60°D.股動脈外側0.5cm,針頭與皮膚呈90°E.股動脈外側0.5cm,針頭與皮膚呈60°31.Infectionchainincludesomelinksexcept[單選題]*A.sourceofinfectionB.Hand(正確答案)C.susceptiblehostsD.routeoftransmissionE.modesoftransmission32.準備穿隔離衣取衣時,應[單選題]*A.手持衣袖從衣夾上取下隔離衣B.手持袖口從衣夾上取下隔離衣C.手持衣襟從衣夾上取下隔離衣D.手持衣領從衣夾上取下隔離衣(正確答案)E.手持腰帶從衣夾上取下隔離衣33.懸掛隔離衣時,正確的是[單選題]*A.如掛在半污染區的隔離衣,清潔面向外(正確答案)B.如掛在半污染區的隔離衣,清潔面向內C.如掛在污染區的隔離衣,清潔面向外D.無論掛在半污染區或污染區的隔離衣,均清潔面向內E.無論掛在半污染區或污染區的隔離衣,均清潔面向外34.Thecorrectwaytoremoveasurgicalmaskis[單選題]*A.untiethetoptieB.pinchtheoutersideofthemaskintothepaperbasketbyhandC.pinchtheinnersideofthemaskintothepaperbasketbyhandD.holdthemask'stiewithyourhandandthrowitintothemedicalwastecontainer(正確答案)E.pinchtheinnersideofthemaskwithyourhandandthrowitintothemedicalwastecontainer35.V7導聯位于[單選題]*A.左肩胛線與V2同一水平B.左肩胛線與V3同一水平C.左肩胛線與V4同一水平D.左腋后線與V3同一水平處E.左腋后線與V4同--水平處(正確答案)36.心電圖坐標格上平均P-P間距為20小格(紙速為25mn/s),其心率為[單選題]*A.60次/minB.75次/min(正確答案)C.90次/minD.100次/minE.120次/min37.Underwhichcircumstancebelow,re-scrubbingisnotneededwhenparticipatinginanotheroperationcontinuously[單選題]*A.Itisathyroidsurgerypreviously(正確答案)B.ItisaVATSlobectomyC.TheasepticclothesandglovesweariedinsurgeryareimportedwithoriginalpackagingD.TheglovesarebrokenafterprevioussurgeryE.HandsandforearmshavebeenscrubbedwithJifrodisinfectantgelforthreetimesbeforesurgery38.手術進行中,你的前臂不小心觸碰到患者的輸液架,此時應[單選題]*A.更換另一手套B.重新洗手、穿無菌衣、戴手套C.用75%酒精消毒術者前臂衣袖D.更換無菌衣及手套(正確答案)E.重新更換手術無菌單39.當刷洗完畢手臂進人手術室時,應保持的手臂姿勢是[單選題]*A.手臂向上高舉B.手臂自然下垂C.胸前拱手姿勢(正確答案)D.手臂向前伸E.雙手放置背后40.以下對手術區消毒描述不正確的是[單選題]*A.手術區消毒的目的是消滅擬作切口處及其周圍皮膚的病原微生物,使其達無菌的要求B.手術區皮膚消毒范圍為包括手術切口周圍15cm的區域,如有手術延長切口的可能,則應事先相應擴大皮膚消毒范圍C.消毒完畢,操作者要再用消毒液擦手一次D.肛門區手術,消毒液涂擦順序為肛門、會陰及手術區外周(正確答案)E.消毒時常用2.5%碘酊涂擦皮膚,待碘酊干后,再以75%酒精涂擦兩遍，將碘酊擦凈41.以下論述哪項是正確的[單選題]*A.鋪巾者與洗手護士的手能接觸B.鋪巾時每塊手術巾的反折部遠離切口C.消毒的手臂能接觸靠近手術區的滅菌敷料D.若手術巾位置不正確,能由手術區向內移動E.鋪無菌單時如被污染應當即更換(正確答案)42.戴無菌手套時,已消毒但未戴手套的手只允許接觸手套的哪一面[單選題]*A.手套的背面B.手套的掌面C.套口翻轉部的內面D.套口翻轉部的外面(正確答案)E.以