英語閱讀微技能---細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略

---南京九中呂若男

2018.4.16英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課推理判斷

猜測詞義閱讀常見題型篇章結(jié)構(gòu)主旨大意作者態(tài)度細(xì)節(jié)理解英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課高考閱讀考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題：2015年7題2016年10題2017年9題英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課Spotthedifferences大家來找茬英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課細(xì)節(jié)理解題測試學(xué)生對特定細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實的辨認(rèn)能力類型劃分1：直接辨認(rèn)型:

獲取信息---記住信息---回憶并對號入座如：WhichbuttonsdirectlycontrolthemovementoftheRocketBall?英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課

細(xì)節(jié)理解題類型劃分1：間接辨認(rèn)型:

獲取信息---加工轉(zhuǎn)換---得出正確釋義

同義（反義）轉(zhuǎn)換、排序、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換、數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換、英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課細(xì)節(jié)理解題類型劃分2：集中型:

就單個特定細(xì)節(jié)提問，答案位于單句和上下文處如：

Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitation

oftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat__________英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課細(xì)節(jié)理解題類型劃分2：分散型:正確答案和干擾項對應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)分散在文中多處如：1.WhichofthefollowingisNotMentioned/True?2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat___.3.Allthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept____.

英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課細(xì)節(jié)理解題題型：1.文章細(xì)節(jié)題：what/who/when/where/how/why2.是非題：WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?3.圖表數(shù)據(jù)題(計算)4.排序題5.其他題：英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課1正誤并存；半對半錯“干擾項”面面觀3無中生有；主觀臆想4文不對題；答非所問5張冠李戴；偷換概念

2以偏概全；過于夸大英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課正誤并存；半對半錯TherobotBuddycanpatrolthehomewhentheresidentsarenothomeandcontactaperson’sphoneifitdetectsanintruderorfire.Manyoftherobotshavecamerasthatactaseyes.Forthoseconcernedaboutsomeonehackingintoarobottopeepintoahome,therearesafeguardstolookforwhenpurchasingone.“Whenthecameraisactivated,wewillshowitonthescreenandspecificlightssoyouknowthatsomeoneisusingyourcamera,”HasselvandersaidaboutBuddy.Whatdoweknowabout“Buddy”?2018weilwitnessBuddygointodifferentfamilies.Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself.Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm.Buddyhasanadvantageoverconventionalsmartproducts.英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.

以偏概全；過于夸大英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課

以偏概全；過于夸大...Thesystemwouldn’tmeanhavingtokeepyourlightsonallthetimeeither,Haassays---bulbscouldbedimmedtosuchapointthattheyappearoff,butstilltransmit.ThesystemcaneasilynetworkanydevicewithanLEDlight—anelectrickettle,anoven.LEDstreetlightscouldevenbeusedtoformanetworkofoutdoorLi-Fi,makingitpossibletostayconnectedwhenwalkingaroundthecity.ButsomesoundacautiousnoteaboutVLC’sfuture.Itbecomeslesspowerful,forexample,whenlightisblocked,wheatherduetofogorotherconditions.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____

Li-FicanworkwithLEDlightsoff..

Li-Ficanbeusedwithallhouseholdappliances

Li-Fican’tworkoutdoors.

Li-Fineedsimprovingtomeetdiverseneed.英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課...Thescientistscomparedhowmuchpressurewasputonthewomen'skneesbybothtypesofshoes.Thewomenalsowalkedbarefoottotestnormalpressure.Thescientistsfoundthatbothtypesofshoesappliedequalamountsofpressuretotheknees.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatwomenchoosechunkyheelsbecause_____.A.theywanttowalkcomfortablyB.chunky（粗短高跟）heeledshoesarecheaperthanstiletto(細(xì)高跟)heeledpairsC.chunkyheelsdolessharmtokneesD.chunkyheelsarenotpainfulatall無中生有；主觀臆想Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,

sowomenwearthemalldaylong,”Kerrigansaid.“Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels,butjustashadforyourknees.”...英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課

...Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels,andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunky（粗短）high-heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing."Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitivelyknowthathigh-heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth,"saidDr.GlennPfeifer,aSanFranciscodoctorKerrigan‘slatestudylookedatthechunkyhigh-heeledshoesbecause_____.A.theyfeelmorecomfortableB.theyarerelatedtokneeosteoarthritisC.theyarewornbymanywomenD.theyaredifferentfromstilettoheels文不對題；答非所問Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,"Kerrigansaid."Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstiletto（細(xì)高跟）heels,butjustashadforyourknees.“...英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課Thewarden(狩獵監(jiān)督官)setoutthreesteeltrapsthatnight.Inthemorningonewasempty.Theothertwohadbeenstolenbythebeavers(河貍)andusedtostrengthenthedam.Thewarden,cursingthestatelawagainsthuntingbeaverswithfirearms,gothistrapsbackandsetthemoutagainandagain.Andeverynightthebeaversstolethem.Whatdidthelocalgamewardendo?A.Hemadesteeltrapstostrengthenthedam.B.Hesetouttohuntthebeaverswithfirearms.C.Helearnedalotabouttheconstructionofthedam.D.Heusedpetrol-soakedbagstodrivethebeaversaway.張冠李戴；偷換概念

英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課Treatmentcentreshavepoppeduparoundtheworld.In2006Amsterdam’sSmith&Jonesfacilityclaimstobe“thefirstand,currently,theonlyresidentialvideo-gametreatmentprogramintheworld”.InAmericatherestartInternetAddictionRecoveryProgramclaimstotreatinternetaddiction,gamingaddiction,andeven“textingaddiction”.InChina,meanwhile,military-style“bootcamps”arethepreferredwaytotreatinternetproblems.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheworld’seffortstofightInternetaddiction?B.Amsterdamoncestartedtheworld’sfirstvideo-gametreamentprogram.D.Military-stylecampsinChinaprovetobethebesttotreatInternetprobmlems.英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課1正誤并存；半對半錯“干擾項”面面觀3無中生有；主觀臆想4文不對題；答非所問5張冠李戴；偷換概念

2以偏概全；過于夸大英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題原則及步驟、方法：原則：忠實于原文原句及全篇邏輯關(guān)系，

不能主觀臆斷步驟和方法：Step1：題干中選定關(guān)鍵詞（定位詞）Step2：通過略讀、查讀鎖定文中定位區(qū)域Step3:結(jié)合信息區(qū)域上下文理解、比對

Step4:排除干擾項，篩選得出答案英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課定位詞通常是哪些詞？人名、地名等專有名詞；年份、數(shù)字等數(shù)詞及題干中的大寫名詞指代具體事物或人物的名詞3.詞義鮮明的動詞、形容詞、副詞等實詞英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課題干和正確選項的典型特點替換關(guān)鍵詞：把文中關(guān)鍵詞轉(zhuǎn)化替換成同/近義詞，設(shè)置題干或正確選項。詞性或語態(tài)變化:把原文句中的詞變換詞性或語態(tài)，以制造理解障礙。語言簡化,長話短說：把原文中散雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行提煉總結(jié)，成為題干或正確答案。英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthor'smotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.替換關(guān)鍵詞（同/近義詞替換）偷換概念無中生有英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課

Confucius...assumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomehadmorepotentialthanothers,andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelieved...66.Whatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingto

Confucius?A.Family B.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community詞性或語態(tài)變化英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課

Traditionally,peoplehavedrunkbottledwaterforhealthreasons.Thepracticeof“takingthewaters”originatedwiththeRomans,whobelievedthatapersondevelopedahealthymindbybuildingahealthybody.AcrossEurope,drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwiththepowertocurevariousdiseases1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Bottledwaterwasoncedrunkbothbytherichandthepoor.Bottledwatersaleshaverisen,forit'scheaperthantapwater.Europeansbelievedinthepoweroftreatmentofmineralwater.Americanshavehadthehabitofdrinkingbottledwaterforlong.詞性或語態(tài)變化無中生有英語閱讀理解微技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題之解題策略課Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney

B.Itspenttoo