shouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassagePullingstingstoshouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassagePullingstingstobuildNooneknowsexactlyhowthepyramidswerebuilt.reckonstheanswercouldbe'hangingintheThepyramidsofEgyptwerebuiltmorethanthreeago,andnooneknowshow.Theconventionalpictureistensofthousandsofslavesdraggedstonesonsledges.thereisnoevidencetobackthisup.NowaCalifornianconsultantcalledMaureenClemmonshassuggestedthatmighthavebeeninvolved.WhileperusingabookontheofEgypt,shenoticedahieroglyphthatshowedarowofstandinginoddpostures.Theywereholdingwhatlookedropesthatled,viasomekindofmechanicalsystem,toabirdinthesky.Shewonderedifperhapsthebirdwasagiantkite,andbirdinthesky.Shewonderedifperhapsthebirdwasagiantkite,andthemenwereusingittoliftaheavyprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hefascinatedbytheidea.'ComingfromIran,IhaveabythepicturethathadsparkedClemmons'sinterest.Theintheskyapparentlyhadwingsfartooshortandwideforbird.'Thepossibilitycertainlyexistedthatitwasahesays.AndsinceheneededasummerprojectforhisEmilioGraff,investigatingthepossibilityofusingkitesheavyliftersseemedlikeagoodGharibandGraffsetthemselvesthetaskofraisinga4.5-stonecolumnhorizontaltovertical,usingnosourceenergyexceptwind.Theirinitialcalculationsandmodelwind-experimentsconvincedthemtheyneedastrongtoliftthe33.5-tonnecolumn.Evenaforce,ifsustainedoveralongtime,woulddo.Thekeywasuseapulleysystemthatwouldmagnifytheappliedforce.theyriggedupatent-shapedscaffolddirectlyabovetheofthehorizontalcolumn,withpulleyssuspendedfromscaffold'sapex.Theideawasthatasoneendoftherose,scaffold'sapex.Theideawasthatasoneendoftherose,thebasewouldrollacrossthegroundonaEarlierthisyear,theteamputClemmons'sunlikelytheorythetest,usinga40-square-metrerectangularnylonsail.kiteliftedthecolumncleanofftheground.Wewerestunned,'Gharibsays.'Theinstantthesailopenedintowind,aforcewasgeneratedandthecolumnwasraisedtheinamere40Thewindblowingatagentle16to20kilometresanlittlemorethanhalfwhattheythoughtwouldbeneeded.theyhadfailedtoreckonwithwaswhathappenedwhenthewasopened.'Therewasahugeinitialforce-fivetimesthanthesteadystateforce,'Gharibsays.Thisjerkmeantkitescouldlifthugeweights,Gharibrealised.Evenatonnecolumncouldhavebeenliftedtotheverticalwith40somenandfourorfivesails.SoClemmonswasright:pyramidbuilderscouldhaveusedkitestoliftmassiveintoplace.'WhethertheyactuallydidisanotherGharibsays.Therearenopicturesshowingtheconstructionthepyramids,sothereisnowaytotellwhatreally'Theevidenceforusingkitestomovelargestonesisnoorworsethantheevidenceforthebruteforcemethod,'Indeed,theexperimentshaveorworsethantheevidenceforthebruteforcemethod,'Indeed,theexperimentshaveleftmanyspecialists'Theforkite-liftingisnon-existent,'saysWendrich,UniversityLosOthersfeelthereisofacaseforthetheory.thewindwouldnothavebeenaproblemforaccomplishedliketheEgyptians.Andtheyareknowntohaveusedpulleys,whichcouldhavebeenmadestrongenoughtobearweightofmassiveblocksofstone.Inaddition,thereisphysicalevidencethattheancientEgyptianswereinflight.AwoodenartefactfoundonthesteppyramidSaqqaralooksuncannilylikeamodernglider.AlthoughitfromseveralhundredyearsafterthebuildingoftheitssophisticationsuggeststhattheEgyptiansmighthavedevelopingideasofflightforalongtime.Andothercivilisationscertainlyknewaboutkites;asearlyas1250debrisontheirTheexperimentsmightevenhavepracticalnowadays.areplentyofplacesaroundtheTheexperimentsmightevenhavepracticalnowadays.areplentyofplacesaroundtheglobepeoplehaveaccesstoheavymachinery,butdoknowhowdealwithsailingandbasicmechanicalprinciples.GharibhasbeencontactedbyacivilengineerinNicaragua,whowantsputupbuildingswithadoberoofssupportedbyconcreteonasitethatheavyequipmentcan'treach.Hisideaisbuildthearcheshorizontally,thenliftthemintoplacekites.givenhimsomedesignhints,'saysGharib.justforhimtoreportback.'Sowhethertheyactuallytobuildthepyramidsornot,itseemsthatmaymakesensibleconstructiontoolsinthe21stcenturyQuestions1-thefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationReadingPassageboxes1-7onyouranswersheet,TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationon11ItisgenerallybelievedthatlargenumbersofpeopleneededtotheTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSENOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationon11ItisgenerallybelievedthatlargenumbersofpeopleneededtotheTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC22ClemmonsastrangehieroglyphonthewallofanTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC33hadpreviouslydoneexperimentsonbirdTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformation33hadpreviouslydoneexperimentsonbirdTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC44GharibGrafftestedtheirtheorybeforeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC55TheoftheactualexperimentwasduetothehightheTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC55TheoftheactualexperimentwasduetothehightheTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC66kiteflewhigher,thewindTRUEstatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC77TheteamdecidedthatitwaspossibletousekitestoTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththe77TheteamdecidedthatitwaspossibletousekitestoTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC8PullingstingstobuildNooneknowsexactlyhowthepyramidswerebuilt.MarcusNooneknowsexactlyhowthepyramidswerebuilt.Marcusreckonstheanswercouldbe'hangingintheThepyramidsofEgyptwerebuiltmorethanthreethousandago,andnooneknowshow.Theconventionalpictureistensofthousandsofslavesdraggedstonesonsledges.thereisnoevidencetobackthisup.NowaCalifornianconsultantcalledMaureenClemmonshassuggestedthatmighthavebeeninvolved.WhileperusingabookontheofEgypt,shenoticedahieroglyphthatshowedarowofstandinginoddpostures.Theywereholdingwhatlookedropesthatled,viasomekindofmechanicalsystem,toabirdinthesky.Shewonderedifperhapsthebirdwasagiantkite,andthemenwereusingittoliftaheavyprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hefascinatedbytheidea.'ComingfromIran,Ihaveafascinatedbytheidea.'ComingfromIran,IhaveabythepicturethathadsparkedClemmons'sinterest.Theintheskyapparentlyhadwingsfartooshortandwideforbird.'Thepossibilitycertainlyexistedthatitwasahesays.AndsinceheneededasummerprojectforhisEmilioGraff,investigatingthepossibilityofusingkitesheavyliftersseemedlikeagoodGharibandGraffsetthemselvesthetaskofraisinga4.5-stonecolumnhorizontaltovertical,usingnosourceenergyexceptwind.Theirinitialcalculationsandmodelwind-experimentsconvincedthemtheyneedastrongtoliftthe33.5-tonnecolumn.Evenaforce,ifsustainedoveralongtime,woulddo.Thekeywasuseapulleysystemthatwouldmagnifytheappliedforce.theyriggedupatent-shapedscaffolddirectlyabovetheofthehorizontalcolumn,withpulleyssuspendedfromscaffold'sapex.Theideawasthatasoneendoftherose,thebasewouldrollacrossthegroundonaEarlierthisyear,theteamputClemmons'sunlikelytheorythetest,usinga40-square-metrerectangularnylonsail.kiteliftedthecolumncleanofftheground.Wewerestunned,'Gharibsays.'Theinstantthesailopenedintowind,aforcestunned,'Gharibsays.'Theinstantthesailopenedintowind,aforcewasgeneratedandthecolumnwasraisedtheinamere40Thewindblowingatagentle16to20kilometresanlittlemorethanhalfwhattheythoughtwouldbeneeded.theyhadfailedtoreckonwithwaswhathappenedwhenthewasopened.'Therewasahugeinitialforce-fivetimesthanthesteadystateforce,'Gharibsays.Thisjerkmeantkitescouldlifthugeweights,Gharibrealised.Evenatonnecolumncouldhavebeenliftedtotheverticalwith40somenandfourorfivesails.SoClemmonswasright:pyramidbuilderscouldhaveusedkitestoliftmassiveintoplace.'WhethertheyactuallydidisanotherGharibsays.Therearenopicturesshowingtheconstructionthesothereisnowaytotellwhatreally'Theforusingkitestomovelargestonesisnoorworsetheevidenceforthebruteforcemethod,'Indeed,theexperimentshaveleftmanyspecialists'Theevidenceforkite-liftingisnon-existent,'saysWendrich,anUniversityofLosOthersfeelthereisofacaseforWendrich,anUniversityofLosOthersfeelthereisofacaseforthetheory.thewindwouldnothavebeenaproblemforaccomplishedliketheEgyptians.Andtheyareknowntohaveusedpulleys,whichcouldhavebeenmadestrongenoughtobearweightofmassiveblocksofstone.Inaddition,thereisphysicalevidencethattheancientEgyptianswereinflight.AwoodenartefactfoundonthesteppyramidSaqqaralooksuncannilylikeamodernglider.AlthoughitfromseveralhundredyearsafterthebuildingoftheitssophisticationsuggeststhattheEgyptiansmighthavedevelopingideasofflightforalongtime.Andothercivilisationscertainlyknewaboutkites;asearlyas1250debrisontheirTheexperimentsmightevenhavepracticalnowadays.areplentyofplacesaroundtheglobepeoplehaveaccesstoheavymachinery,butdoknowhowdealwithsailingandbasicmechanicalprinciples.GharibhasbeencontactedbyacivilengineerinNicaragua,whowantsputupbuildingswithadoberoofssupportedbyconcreteonasitethatheavyequipmentputupbuildingswithadoberoofssupportedbyconcreteonasitethatheavyequipmentcan'treach.Hisideaisbuildthearcheshorizontally,thenliftthemintoplacekites.givenhimsomedesignhints,'saysGharib.justforhimtoreportback.'Sowhethertheyactuallytobuildthepyramidsornot,itseemsthatmaymakesensibleconstructiontoolsinthe21stcenturyQuestions8-CompletethesummaryChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachWriteyouranswersinboxes8-13onyouranswerAdditionalevidencefortheoryofkite-TheEgyptianshad(1)whichcouldliftlargepiecesof,andtheyknewhowtousetheenergyofthewindskillas10(3).Thediscoveryononepyramidofanresembledasuggeststheymayhaveexperimentedwith.Inaddition,twothousandyearsagokitesChinaasweapons,wellasforsending.填寫答案：.Inaddition,twothousandyearsagokitesChinaasweapons,wellasforsending.填寫答案：正確答案：woodenpulleysstone,accomplishedsailorsflight,Youshouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage2EndlessMorethantwohundredyearsago,RussianexplorersandlandedontheAleutianIslands,avolcanicMorethantwohundredyearsago,RussianexplorersandlandedontheAleutianIslands,avolcanicinNorthPacific,andlearnedofalandmassthattothenorth.Theislands'nativeinhabitantsthislandmassthe‘GreatLand';today,weknowasTheforty-ninthstatejointheUnitedStatesofAmerica1959),Alaskaisone-fifththesizeofthe48statescombined.shares,withthesecondriversysteminAmericaandhashalftheoftheUnitedTheriversfeedtheBeringSeaGulfofAlaska-cold,nutrient-richwhichsupportcrustaceans,andmolluscs.TakingadvantageofthisrichAlaska'scommercialfisherieshavedevelopedintosomeoflargestintheAccordingtotheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameAlaska'scommercialfisherieslandedhundredsofthousandstonnesofshellfishandherring,andwelloveramillionofgroundfish(cod,sole,perchandpollock)in2000.TheculturalheartandsoulofAlaska'sfisheries,however,salmon.‘Salmon,'noteswriterSusanEwinginTheGreatNatureFactbook,‘pumpthroughAlaskalikebloodthroughheart,bringingrhythmic,circulatingnourishmenttosalmon.‘Salmon,'noteswriterSusanEwinginTheGreatNatureFactbook,‘pumpthroughAlaskalikebloodthroughheart,bringingrhythmic,circulatingnourishmenttoanimalsandThe‘predictableabundanceofsometospawners*feedeagles,otheranimals,andthesoilitself.'AllfivespeciesofPacificsalmon-orchum,ordog;coho,orsilver;sockeye,orpink,humpback-spawn**inAlaskanwaters,and90%caughtinIndeed,ifAlaskawasanindependentitbelargestproducerofwildsalmoninDuring2000,commercialcatchesofPacificsalmonexceeded320,000tonnes,withanex-vesselofCatcheshavenotalwaysbeensohealthy.1940andoverfishingledtocrashesinsalmonsoseverein1953Alaskawasdeclaredafederaldisasterarea.Withonsetofstatehood,however,theStateofAlaskatookmanagementofitsownfisheries,guidedbyastatewhichmandatesthatAlaska'snaturalresourcesbemanagedonsustainablebasis.Atthattime,statewideharvestsaround25millionsalmon.Overthedecadescatchessteadilyincreasedasathispolicyuntil,1990s,harvestswerewellinexcessaround25millionsalmon.Overthedecadescatchessteadilyincreasedasathispolicyuntil,1990s,harvestswerewellinexcessof100andonoccasionsover200million*spawners:fishthathavereleased**spawn:releaseTheprimaryreasonforsuchincreasesiswhatisknownasthroughoutthestateconstantlymonitoringadultfishasshowuptospawn.biologistssitinstreamsidestudywatchaeroplanes,talkfishermen.TheseasoninAlaskaisnotpre-set.fishermenknowtheapproximatetimeofyearwhentheywillallowedtofish,butonanygivenday,oneormorebiologistsinaparticularareacanputahalttofishing.sportfishingcanbroughttoahalt.Itisthisstocksaccordingly,salmon-toprosper,evensalmonpopulationsintheresttheUnitedStatesincreasinglyconsideredthreatenedevenIntheMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)***aoftheAlaskasalmonfishery.TheCouncil,IntheMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)***aoftheAlaskasalmonfishery.TheCouncil,which fisheries environmentalstandards,enablingthemtouselabelrecognisestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.TheMSCestablishedasetofcriteriabywhichcommercialcanbejudged.Recognisingthepotentialbenefitsofidentifiedasenvironmentallyresponsible,fisheriestheCouncilrequestingtoundergothecertificationTheMSCthenappointsacertificationcommittee,composedofpaneloffisheriesexperts,whichgathersinformationopinionsfromfishermen,biologists,governmentindustryrepresentatives,non-governmentalorganisationsSomeobserversthoughttheAlaskasalmonfisherieswouldhaveanychanceofcertificationwhen,intheuptoMSC'sfinaldecision,salmonrunsAlaskacompletelycollapsed.IntheYukonandchinookandchumrunswereprobablythepoorestsincesubsistencecommunitiesthroughouttheregion,whohavepriorityovercommercialfishing,wereThecrisiswascompletelyunexpected,butresearchersithadnothingtodowithimpactsoffisheries.Thecrisiswascompletelyunexpected,butresearchersithadnothingtodowithimpactsoffisheries.Rather,contend,itwasalmostcertainlytheresultofclimaticpromptedinpartbycumulativeeffectsoftheelni?o/laphenomenononPacificOceantemperatures,culminatinginharshwinterinwhichhugenumbersofsalmoneggswereItcouldhavemeanttheendasfarasthecertificationconcerned.However,thestatereactedquickly,closingfisheries,eventhosenecessaryforsubsistence2000,fisheriesproducingAlaskasalmonwereimmediatelygrantedpermissiondisplaytheMSClogoontheirproducts.Certificationisaninitialperiodoffiveyears,withanannualreviewtothatthefisheryiscontinuingtomeettherequiredQuestions14-DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationinReadingPassage2?Inboxes14-20onyouranswerTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationon914TheinhabitantsoftheAleutianislandsrenamedtheirTRUEFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationon914TheinhabitantsoftheAleutianislandsrenamedtheirTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC選擇答15ownedbysomeoftheTRUEstatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC選擇答LifeinAlaskaisdependentonTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABCLifeinAlaskaisdependentonTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC17NinetyPacificsalmoncaughtarepinkTRUEstatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC18Morethan320,000tonnesofsalmonwerecaughtinAlaskaTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformation18Morethan320,000tonnesofsalmonwerecaughtinAlaskaTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC19Between1940andtherewasasharpdecreasesalmonTRUEifstatementagreeswiththeFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonABC20Duringthe1990s,theaveragenumberofsalmoncaughtwas100TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheABC20Duringthe1990s,theaveragenumberofsalmoncaughtwas100TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeFALSEifstatementcontradictstheABCEndlessMorethantwohundredyearsago,RussianexplorersandlandedontheAleutianMorethantwohundredyearsago,RussianexplorersandlandedontheAleutianIslands,avolcanicinNorthPacific,andlearnedofalandmassthattothenorth.Theislands'nativeinhabitantsthislandmassthe‘GreatLand';today,weknowasTheforty-ninthstatejointheUnitedStatesofAmerica1959),Alaskaisone-fifththesizeofthe48statescombined.shares,withthesecondriversysteminAmericaandhashalftheoftheUnitedTheriversfeedtheBeringSeaGulfofAlaska-cold,nutrient-richwhichsupportcrustaceans,andmolluscs.TakingadvantageofthisrichAlaska'scommercialfisherieshavedevelopedintosomeoflargestintheAccordingtotheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameAlaska'scommercialfisheriesAlaska'scommercialfisherieshavedevelopedintosomeoflargestintheAccordingtotheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameAlaska'scommercialfisherieslandedhundredsofthousandstonnesofshellfishandherring,andwelloveramillionofgroundfish(cod,sole,perchandpollock)in2000.TheculturalheartandsoulofAlaska'sfisheries,however,salmon.‘Salmon,'noteswriterSusanEwinginTheGreatNatureFactbook,‘pumpthroughAlaskalikebloodthroughheart,bringingrhythmic,circulatingnourishmenttoanimalsandThe‘predictableabundanceofsometospawners*feedeagles,otheranimals,andthesoilitself.'AllfivespeciesofPacificsalmon-orchum,ordog;coho,orsilver;sockeye,orpink,humpback-spawn**inAlaskanwaters,and90%caughtinIndeed,ifAlaskawasanindependentitbelargestproducerofwildsalmoninDuring2000,commercialcatchesofPacificsalmonexceeded320,000tonnes,withanex-vesselvalueofCatcheshavenotalwaysbeensohealthy.Between1940andoverfishingledtocrashesinsalmonpopulationssosevereinCatcheshavenotalwaysbeensohealthy.Between1940andoverfishingledtocrashesinsalmonpopulationssoseverein1953Alaskawasdeclaredafederaldisasterarea.Withonsetofstatehood,however,theStateofAlaskatookmanagementofitsownfisheries,guidedbyastatewhichmandatesthatAlaska'snaturalresourcesbemanagedonsustainablebasis.Atthattime,statewideharvestsaround25millionsalmon.Overthedecadescatchessteadilyincreasedasathispolicyuntil,1990s,harvestswerewellinexcessof100andonoccasionsover200million*spawners:fishthathavereleased**spawn:releaseTheprimaryreasonforsuchincreasesiswhatisknownasthroughoutthestateconstantlymonitoringadultfishasshowuptospawn.biologistssitinstreamsidestudywatchaeroplanes,talkfishermen.TheseasoninAlaskaisnotpre-set.fishermenknowtheapproximatetimeofyearwhentheywillallowedtofish,butonanygivenday,oneormorebiologistsinaparticularareacanputahaltallowedtofish,butonanygivenday,oneormorebiologistsinaparticularareacanputahalttofishing.sportfishingcanbroughttoahalt.Itisthisstocksaccordingly,salmon-toprosper,evensalmonpopulationsintheresttheUnitedStatesincreasinglyconsideredthreatenedevenIntheMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)***aoftheAlaskasalmonfishery.TheCouncil,which fisheries environmentalstandards,enablingthemtouselabelrecognisestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.TheMSCestablishedasetofcriteriabywhichcommercialcanbejudged.Recognisingthepotentialbenefitsofidentifiedasenvironmentallyresponsible,fisheriestheCouncilrequestingtoundergothecertificationTheMSCthenappointsacertificationcommittee,composedofpaneloffisheriesexperts,whichgathersinformationopinionsfromfishermen,biologists,governmentindustryrepresentatives,non-governmentalorganisationsSomeobserversthoughttheAlaskasalmonfisherieswouldhaveanychanceofcertificationwhen,intheupSomeobserversthoughttheAlaskasalmonfisherieswouldhaveanychanceofcertificationwhen,intheuptoMSC'sfinaldecision,salmonrunsAlaskacompletelycollapsed.IntheYukonandchinookandchumrunswereprobablythepoorestsincesubsistencecommunitiesthroughouttheregion,whohavepriorityovercommercialfishing,wereThecrisiswascompletelyunexpected,butresearchersithadnothingtodowithimpactsoffisheries.Rather,contend,itwasalmostcertainlytheresultofclimaticpromptedinpartbycumulativeeffectsoftheelni?o/laphenomenononPacificOceantemperatures,culminatinginharshwinterinwhichhugenumbersofsalmoneggswereItcouldhavemeanttheendasfarasthecertificationconcerned.However,thestatereactedquickly,closingfisheries,eventhosenecessaryforsubsistence2000,fisheriesproducingAlaskasalmonwereimmediatelygrantedpermissiondisplaytheMSClogoontheirproducts.Certificationisaninitialperiodoffiveyears,withanannualreviewtothattheaninitialperiodoffiveyears,withanannualreviewtothatthefisheryiscontinuingtomeettherequiredQuestions21-Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-K,Writethecorrectletter,A-K,inboxes21-26onyourInAlaska,biologistskeepacheckadultBiologistshavetheIn-SeasonAbundance-Basedhasallowedthesalmon24TheMarineStewardshipCouncilwas25Asaresultofthecollapseofthesalmonrunsin1999,state26InSeptember2000,theMSCallowedsevenAlaska填寫答案：Atorecognisefisheriesthatcarefor填寫答案：Atorecognisefisheriesthatcarefortheenvironment.Btobesuccessful.CtostopfishfromDtosetupenvironmentalprotectionlaws.Etostoppeoplefishingforsport.FtolabeltheirproductsusingtheMSCGtoensurethatfishnumbersaresufficienttopermitfishing.Htoassistthesubsistencecommunitiesintheregion.ItofreezeahugenumberofsalmonJtodenycertificationtotheAlaskafisheries.Ktoclosedownallfisheries.正確答案：G,E,B,AKYoushouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage3正確答案：G,E,B,AKYoushouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage3EFFECTSOFIngeneral,itisplausibletosupposethatweshouldpeaceandquiettonoise.Andyetmostofushavehadexperienceofhavingtoadjusttosleepinginthemountainsthecountrysideitwasinitially‘tooquiet',experiencethatthathumansarecapableoftoawiderangeoflevels.ResearchsupportsthisForexample,GlassandSinger(1972)exposedpeopletoburstsofveryloudnoiseandthenmeasuredtheirabilityworkoutproblemsandtheirphysiologicalreactionstonoise.Thenoisewasquitedisruptiveatfirst,butfourminutesthesubjectsweredoingjustaswelltasksascontrolsubjectswhowerenotexposedtophysiologicalarousalalsodeclinedquicklytothesameasthoseofthecontrolButtherearelimitstoadaptationandloudnoisetroublesomeifthepersonisrequiredtoconcentrateButtherearelimitstoadaptationandloudnoisetroublesomeifthepersonisrequiredtoconcentratethanonetask.Forexample,highnoiselevelstheperformanceofsubjectswhowererequiredtomonitordialsatatime,atasknotunlikethatofanaeroplaneoranair-trafficcontroller(Broadbent,1957).noisedidnotaffectasubject'sabilitytotrackamovingwithasteeringwheel,butitdidinterferewiththeabilitytorepeatnumberswhiletracking(FinkelmanandProbablythemostsignificantfindingfromresearchonisthatitspredictabilityismoreimportantthanhowloudis.Wearemuchmoreableto‘tuneout'chronicevenloud,toworkcircumstanceswithunexpectedintrusionsofnoise.IntheandSingerstudy,inwhichsubjectswereexposedtoburstsnoiseastheyworkedonatask,somesubjectsheardloudandothersheardsoftbursts.Forsomesubjects,thewerespacedexactlyoneminuteapart(predictableothersheardthesameamountofnoiseoverall,buttheoccurredatrandomintervals(unpredictablenoise).equallyannoying,andallsubjectsperformedataboutthelevelduringthenoiseportionoftheexperiment.Butdifferentnoiseconditionshadquitedifferentafter-whenthesubjectswererequiredtoproofreadwrittenequallyannoying,andallsubjectsperformedataboutthelevelduringthenoiseportionoftheexperiment.Butdifferentnoiseconditionshadquitedifferentafter-whenthesubjectswererequiredtoproofreadwrittenAs1innoiseactuallyproducedthistaskthantheloud,predictableTable1:ProofreadingErrorsApparently,unpredictableproducesmorefatiguepredictablenoise,butitawhileforthisfatiguetakeitstollonPredictabilitynotthateliminatesthenegativeeffectsnoise.AnotherisLoudSoftIftheindividualheorshecancontrolthethisseemstoitsnegativeeffectsattheIftheindividualheorshecancontrolthethisseemstoitsnegativeeffectsattheanditsafter-istrueeveniftheneveractuallyexercisesorheroptiontoturntheoff(GlassandSinger,1972).JusttheknowledgethatonecontrolisThestudiesdiscussedsofarexposedpeopletonoiseforshortperiodsandonlytransienteffectswerestudied.Butmajorworryaboutnoisyenvironmentsisthatlivingdaydaywithchronicnoisemayproduceserious,lastingOnestudy,suggestingthatthisworryisarealisticcomparedelementaryschoolpupilswhoattendedschoolsairportstudentsschoolsinquietneighbourhoods(Cohenetal.,1980).Itfoundthatchildrenfromthenoisyschoolshadhigherpressurethanattendedthequietschools.Moreover,therewasnoevidenceadaptabilitytothenoise.Infact,thelongerthehadattendedthenoisyschools,themoredistractiblebecame.Theeffectsalsoseemtobelonglasting.Afollow-studyshowedthatchildrenwhoweremovedtolessclassroomsstillshowedgreaterdistractibilityoneyearthanstudentswhohadalwaysbeeninthequietschoolsetal,1981).Itshouldbenotedthatthanstudentswhohadalwaysb