Unit2Grammar&usagePassiveVoice現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

西游記中沙僧說得

最多的四句話？大師兄，師父被妖怪捉走了！二師兄，師父被妖怪捉走了！

大師兄，二師兄被妖怪捉走了！

大師兄，師父和二師兄被妖怪捉走了！什么是語態(tài)？語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明句中主語和謂語關(guān)系。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)activevoicepassivevoice猴子打八戒八戒被猴子打Themonkey

beats

Bajie.Bajieisbeatenbythemonkey.主語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者謂語動(dòng)作賓語動(dòng)作的承受者主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)作的承受者主語當(dāng)一個(gè)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者的時(shí)候，我們就可以稱這個(gè)句子為被動(dòng)語態(tài)

主語

動(dòng)作

主語

動(dòng)作

主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)執(zhí)行承受把字句被字句Passivevoice（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

inthepresentcontinuous(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))

andpresentperfecttenses（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。此動(dòng)作始于過去，現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行，而且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：be+doing被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am\is\are+be+doing(過去分詞)Wearecleaningtheclassroom.Theclassroomisbeingcleanedbyus.Thepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustense現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行著的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作、現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可用by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。e.g.Themanisbeingquestionedbythepolicenow.這名男子現(xiàn)在正在接受警方的訊問。rulesTheverbformofthepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustense:

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式：肯定句：am/is/are+being+過去分詞否定句：am/is/are+not+being+過去分詞一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(三)用法1.表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。句中常用now，atthemoment等時(shí)間狀語。Myyoungersisterisnowbeinginterviewed.我妹妹現(xiàn)在正在接受采訪。2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行)。Theseanimalsarebeinghuntedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearsoon.以如此速度捕殺動(dòng)物，它們很快就會(huì)消失。3.表示一種習(xí)慣的被動(dòng)行為，常與always，constantly，often等詞連用，表示有贊賞、羨慕、討厭等感情色彩。Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃驚的是我們教室的那扇窗戶經(jīng)常被打破。4.與某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，表示對正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測。Jimmaybebeinginterviewedbythereportersattheverymoment.吉姆此刻可能正在被記者們采訪。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)stay，love，have，want，belongto等一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(2)“be＋under/in等介詞＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義。Thetelephoneisinuse.＝Thetelephoneisbeingused.正在使用中。Thethief_______________(question)inthenextroom.那個(gè)小偷正在隔壁房間接受提問。isbeingquestioned現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：have\hasdone

被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have\has+been+done(過去分詞)Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyus.Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生或完成，但是對現(xiàn)在仍然有影響或者表示過去開始的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,句中經(jīng)常有

“for+一段時(shí)間”,“since+從句”,sofar等狀語。e.g.Theyhaven'tbeentoldaboutityet.他們還沒有被告知這件事。Theverbformofthepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式：肯定句：have/has+been+過去分詞否定句：have/has+not+been+過去分詞一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞(二)用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，通常與already，yet，just，never，recently等副詞連用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修好了。[名師點(diǎn)津]常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語：already已經(jīng)yet已經(jīng)recently/lately最近sincethen從那時(shí)起eversince自那以來ever曾經(jīng)sofar迄今為止foralongtime很長一段時(shí)間bynow到現(xiàn)在為止inrecentyears在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在過去的幾年里2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的財(cái)務(wù)問題已被討論了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown這部電影已放映多長時(shí)間了？3.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作業(yè)沒完成之前你不應(yīng)該離開學(xué)校。Theparty_______________(plan)sincethenewyear.此次聚會(huì)自新年起就被籌劃了。

Theproject__________________(complete).這項(xiàng)工程已經(jīng)完成了.hasbeenplannedhasbeencompleted現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.只帶有一個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss).注意事項(xiàng)2.帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí)，間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).返回Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thesechildren(look)afterbyanoldmannow.2.Howmanycars(make)inthefactorysince19903.Sinceyourwork(finish)，youcanhavearestnow.4.Manyinterestingexperiments(carry)outthesedays.5.Morethan100famousfilms(show)inthecitysinceJuly.arebeinglookedhavebeenmadehasbeenfinishedarebeingcarriedhavebeenshown熟能生巧6.Threenewschools

(open)inourcityinthepastfiveyears.7.Waitaminute.Thedishesforthedinner

(cook)inthekitchen.8.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsbecausetheirownhouse______________(rebuild).havebeenopenedarebeingcookedisbeingrebuiltMakesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.constructTheroadisbeingconstructed.Theroadhasbeenconstructed.repairThecarisbeingrepaired.Thecarhasbeenrepaired.Thedishisbeingcooked.Thedishhasbeencooked.cook其他時(shí)態(tài)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)的補(bǔ)充一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也表示客觀存在的事實(shí)和規(guī)律。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：do\dose被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am\is\are+done(過去分詞)Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.TheprettyyoungEnglishteacher______(love)byallherstudents.這位年輕漂亮的英語老師受到所有學(xué)生的喜愛。Asoundofpiano____________

(hear)inthenextroom.聽到隔壁房間里有鋼琴聲

islovedisoftenheard一般過去時(shí)表示在過去的某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，此動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去并且結(jié)束于過去。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：did被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was\were+done(過去分詞)Wecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomwascleanedbyus.Theboy_________(bring)upintheorphanage(孤兒院).這個(gè)男孩是在孤兒院被撫養(yǎng)大的She_______(call)hernicknamewhenshewasalittlegirl.她小時(shí)候有人叫她的綽號。wasbroughtwascalled過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一特定時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。此動(dòng)作始于過去，在過去某一特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行，并可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：was\were+doing被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was\were+being+done(過去分詞)

Wewerecleaningtheclassroomatthat

time.Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusatthattime.WhenIcalled,tea_______________(serve).當(dāng)我打時(shí)，正要上茶。TheChildren'sPalace_____________(build)lastmonth.I'mnotsureifitiscompleted.少年宮上個(gè)月正在被修建，我不清楚完成了沒有。wasbeingservedwasbeingbuilt一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一特定時(shí)間將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的某種狀態(tài)，也表示某種打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備要做某事。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：will\shalldo被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will\shall+be+done(過去分詞)WewillcleantheclassroomtomorrowTheclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.Thismatter____________(look)intointhefuture.將來會(huì)調(diào)查這件事的。What___________________(discuss)today今天要討論什么呢？willbelookedisgoingtobediscussed過去將來時(shí)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的事主動(dòng)語態(tài)：woulddo\wasgoingto被動(dòng)語態(tài)：would+bedone(過去分詞)Wesaidwewould

cleantheclassroom.Wesaidtheclassroomwouldbe

cleanedbyus.Hesaidthework_______________(finish)inaweek.他說這項(xiàng)工作將在一周后完成。Shetoldmethatawonderfulplay________________(put)onat

thistheare.她告訴我這家的院將上演一出精彩的戲劇。wouldbefinishedwasgoingtobeput過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此過去時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：haddone被動(dòng)語態(tài)：had+beendone(過去分詞)Wehadcleanedtheclassroombefore

hewenthome.Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbyus

beforehewenthome.Sophialookedatthelanternsthat_______________(light)andplaced

neartheopening.索菲婭望著那些已經(jīng)點(diǎn)亮的并放在洞口附近的燈籠

Thefire_____________(put)outwhenthefirefightersarrived.消防隊(duì)員到達(dá)時(shí)火己經(jīng)撲滅了.hadbeenlightedhadbeenput將來完成時(shí)表示以將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此將來時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：will+havedone被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will+have+beendone(過去分詞)Wewillhavecleanedtheclassroomby5o’clockTheclassroomwillhavebeencleanedby5o’clock.Thedrawing____________________

(complete)bytheendofthisweek.這幅畫將在本周末完成。Thenewbooks___________________(enter)intheregisterbefore

anotherparcelarrives.這些新書在下一批書到來前將登記完畢。willhavebeencompleted

willhavebeenenteredAreyoureadytogetfitWearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCentrewillsoonbeopentothepubliconceagain!Ourfacilitieshavebeenenlargedandredone,andourcentreisnowbiggerandbetterthaneverbefore.Thefinishingtouchesarenowbeingputtoanewswimmingpoolandourworkoutroomshavebeenupdatedwithmodernequipment.Comebyandcheckthemout.Therearealotoffitnesscoursesforyoutochoosefrom.Inresponsetopublicinterest,ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions,includingmoderndance.Youcanfindmoredetailsaboutallourcoursesonourwebsite.Betterstill,wewillupdateourfitnesscourseseveryfewmonthssothatmorepopularcoursescanbeincluded.Weighttrainingclasses,forexample,arebeingdesignedandwillbeaddedtoour