SummaryWriting閱讀所給原文，力求抓住其大意摘要的長(zhǎng)度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一切忌照搬原文，用自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)寫(xiě)(語(yǔ)言的再創(chuàng)造，對(duì)原文詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)要解釋或者復(fù)述〕a.Hewasinfinancialdifficultiesandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor

改為：Hehadaproblembecauseofthelackofmoneyb.Johnfellintotheriverand，beforehelpcouldreachhim，hesank.

改為：Johnwasdrownedintheriver4.摘要與原文的觀(guān)點(diǎn)保持一致，按原文的邏輯順序排列

5.內(nèi)容完整，無(wú)大的遺漏。6.重點(diǎn)反映主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)，刪除細(xì)節(jié)。7.削除例子，簡(jiǎn)化描述。用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句代替冗長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)句。BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai，LushanMountain，andHuangshanMountain，werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today，betterwages，holidayswithpay，newhotelsonthosemountains，andbettertrainandbusservices，havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.改為：withthedevelopmentofsociety，moreandmorepeoplearevisitingbeautifulmountainslikeMountTai.8.使用銜接詞，如but,then,thus,yet,for等等，

OnSummaryWritingInthe18thcenturyNewYorkwassmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston.TodayitisthelargestcityinAmerica.Howcanthechangeinitssizeandimportancebeexplained？

Toanswerthisquestionwemustconsidercertainfactsaboutgeography，history，andeconomics.TogetherthesethreewillexplainthehugegrowthofAmericans'mostfamouscity.

sum: NewYorkwasoncesmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston，butnowitisAmericans’largestcitybecauseofgeography，historyandeconomics.

ThemapoftheNortheastshowsthatfourofthemostheavilypopulatedareasinthisregionarearoundseaports.AtthesepointsmaterialsfromacrosstheseaentertheUnitedStates，andtheproductofthelandaresentthereforexportacrossthesea.

Economistsknowthatplaceswheretransportationlinesmeetaregoodplacesformakingrawmaterialsintofinishedgoods.Thatiswhyseaportsoftenhavecitiesnearby.ButcitieslikeNewYorkneededmorethantheirgeographicallocationinordertobecomegreatindustrialcenters.Theirdevelopmentdidnothappensimplybychance.

Sum:NewYorkwaslocatedattheseaportwherematerialswereimportedtotheUSandtheproductsoftheUSweresentabroadacrossthesea.

About1815，whenmanyAmericansfromtheeastcoasthadalreadymovedtowardthewest，traderoutesfromtheportstothecentralregionsofthecountrybegantobeaseriousproblem.Theslowwagonsofthattime，drawnbyhorsesoroxen，weretooexpensiveformovingheavyfreightveryfar.AmericanshadlongadmiredEuropeanscanals.InNewYorkStateacanalseemedthebestsolutiontothetransportationproblem.FromtheeasternendofLakeErieallthewayacrossthestatetotheHudsonRiverthereisalongstripoflowland.HeretheErieCanalwasconstructed.Afterseveralyearsofworkitwascompletedin1825. Sum:ThecitywasfurtherdevelopedwhentheErieCanalwascompletedin1825.

ThislinkedLakeErietoNewYorkviatheHudsonRiver.

Thecanalproducedanimmediateeffect.Freightcostswerecuttoaboutone-tenthofwhathadbeen.NewYorkCity，whichhadbeensmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston，quicklybecametheleadingcityofthecoast.Intheyearsthatfollowed，

transportationroutesontheGreatLakeswerejoinedtoroutesontheMississippiRiver.ThenNewYorkCitybecametheendpointofagreatinlandshippingsystemthatextendedfromtheAtlanticOceanfarupthewesternbranchesoftheMississippi.

sum:

Thecostoftransportinggoodstothosewhohadsettledinlandwascutdown.Inaddition，theGreatLakesweresoonlinkedtotheMississippi.

Thecomingoftherailroadsmadecanalshippinglessimportant，butittiedNewYorkevenmorecloselytothecentralregionsofthecountry.ItwaseasierforpeopleinthecentralstatestoshiptheirgoodstoNewYorkforexportoverseas.

ExportsfromNewYorkweregreaterthanimports.Consequently，shippingcompanieswereeagertofilltheirshipswithpassengersonthereturntripfromEurope.PassengerscouldcomefromEuropeverycheaplyasaresult.

sum:

Later，railroadstiedNewYorkclosertothecentralstates，whosegoodswereexportedviaNewYork.Fewergoodswereimported，socheappassageswereavailablefromEurope.

ThusNewYorkbecamethegreatestportforreceivingpeoplefromEuropeancountries.Manyofthesepeopleremainedinthecity.OthersstayedinNewYorkforafewweeks，months，oryears，andthenmovedtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.ForthesegreatnumberofnewAmericansNewYorkhadtoprovidehomes，goods，andservices.Theirlaborhelpedthecitybecomegreat.

sum:

NewYorkbecamethemainportforreceivingEuropeans，manyofwhomstayedinthecityandhelpeditbecomegreat.

NewYorkwasoncesmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston，butnowitisAmericans’largestcitybecauseofgeography，historyandeconomics.

NewYorkwaslocatedattheseaportwherematerialswereimportedtotheUSandtheproductsoftheUSweresentabroadacrossthesea.ThecitywasfurtherdevelopedwhentheErieCanalwascompletedin1825.ThislinkedLakeErietoNewYorkviatheHudsonRiverandthecostoftransportinggoodstothosewhohadsettledinlandwascutdown.Inaddition，theGreatLakesweresoonlinkedtotheMississippi.Later，railroadstiedNewYorkclosertothecentralstates，whosegoodswereexportedviaNewYork.Fewergoodswereimported，socheappassageswereavailablefromEurope.NewYorkbecamethemainportforreceivingEuropeans，manyofwhomstayedinthecityandhelpeditbecomegreat.

SummaryWriting:Exercise1Wrong:Theauthor(passage)tellsustheimportanceofself-learningforchildren,notonlyshouldtheteacherhelpthestudentstocorrecttheirmistakes,butalsotheyshoulddependonthemselvestocorrecttheirownmistakes.

(punctuation)Correct:Theauthor(passage)tellsustheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Notonlyshouldtheteacherhelpthestudentstocorrecttheirmistakes,butalsotheyshoulddependonthemselvestocorrecttheirownmistake.SummaryWriting:Exercise2Bad:Thispassagediscussestheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Weallknowthatstudentsshouldhavethechancetocorrecttheirownmistakes,learnbydoingandlearnfromeachother,notjusttheteacher.(Pronoun)Good:Thispassagediscussestheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Itpointsoutthatstudentsshouldhavethechancetocorrecttheirownmistakes,learnbydoingandlearnfromeachother,notjusttheteacher.SummaryWriting:Exercise3Bad:Thearticlegivestheviewthatteachersshouldletstudentscorrecttheirmistakesbythemselves.Studentsareabletocorrecttheirownmistakes,andteachers’frequentcorrectionwillmakechildrenunabletojudgetheirownwork.Good:Thearticlegivestheviewthatteachersshouldletstudentscorrecttheirmistakesbythemselves.Studentsareabletocorrecttheirownmistakesandteachers’frequentcorrectionwillmakechildrenunabletojudgetheirownwork.Sample1TheDemandofRelocatingTeachers’RoleinModernization

Inthecurrenteraofglobalization,theroleofteacherineducationisundergoinggreatchange.Insteadofprovidingknowledgeforstudentsonceandforall,teachersareexpectedtoshowthestudentshowtofind,obtainanduseknowledgeontheirown.Moreimportantly,teachersshouldactasafacilitatorandcounselorforstudents’futuredevelopment.Toachievethisgoal,teachersneedtorespondtostudents’abilitiesandadapttothechangingdemandreadily.Inbrief,teachingisallaboutofferingpathstostudentsandkeepingthemhighlymotivatedontheway.

Sample2

TheMuseumisFree：theEnthusiasmofthePublicisExpected

InMarch2023,ourgovernmenthadmadeadecisionthatthemuseumwouldbeopenedfreeforthepublic.Thisdecisioniswelcomedandshortensthedistancebetweenthepublicandthemuseum,whichnotonlyensurestheculturalrightsofthepublicbutalsopromoteseconomicgrowththoughitstillhassomedisadvantages.Specificallyspeaking,itprovidesanopportunityforthepublicparticipationandcanarousetheirenthusiasm.Meantime,thesystemconstructionofthepublicparticipationshouldbestrengthenedtherebytoimprovetheutilizationofthepublicculturalresources.Moreover,variousmuseumexhibitionscansatisfythepublic’sspiritualandculturalneedsandcultivatetheirloyaltyandenhancethecohesionofanation.Besides,italsopromotesthelocaleconomicdevelopmentbasedonthedevelopmentofculturalheritage.

Sample3

Whatarethemostimportantqualitiesascientistmustpossess?ProfessorDingZhaozhonggiveshisanswer.Firstofall,ascientistmustneverblindlyfollowtheconclusionsmadebytheauthorities.Onlywiththisattitude,canhehavethecouragetochallengetheoldanddevelopthenew.Secondly,hemustgiveconsiderableemphasistoexperimentation.Atheorywithoutexperimentationissimplymeaningless.Ascientistmustalsotrulyvaluecreativityandinnovation,andreadilygohisownway.Andwhatismostpreciousinascientistishiscuriosity,whichgiveshimthedrivetoexploretheunknownworld.Thesequalitiescombinedarewhatmakeagoodscientist.

Sample4

TherearemanywaysforBritishpeopletosurvivetheeconomicrecession.Themainonesofthemareasfollows.

Firstofall,Britishpeopleshouldinsuretheirincometodealwiththerecession.Moreover,itisnecessaryforthemtopickawinningcreditcardandoverpaytheirmortgagewhiletheycan.Thirdly,theymustkeepsavingsinaneasilyaccessibleaccount.Fourthly,theyarerequiredtotakecontroloftheirpensionandfixtheirretirementincome.Finally,theyhavetoshakeuptheirshareportfolio,cutthecostofessentialinsuranceandboosttheirincome.TheabovementionedwayswillhelptheBritishtoweatherbadtimes.

Sample4

WiththegrowingimportanceofEnglishasameansofglobalcommunication,learningEnglishisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.ManyprimaryschoolshaveEnglishclassesandchildrenbeginEnglishlearningatasmallerandsmallerage.ThispaperexploresthecausesofthetrendofstartinglearningEnglishatayoungerageandanalysesitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Basedontheresearch,theauthorofferssuggestionsabouthowtocorrectlyguidethistrendandcreateasoundenvironmentfortheoveralldevelopmentofthechildren.

AccedamicWritingThispapermainlydealswith...篇論文主要是寫(xiě)……Thisarticlefocusesonthetopicsof(that,having,etc)...這篇文章的強(qiáng)調(diào)的主題是……Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...這篇短文主要是講關(guān)于……的知識(shí)。Thisthesisdiscusses/analyzes...篇論文討論/分析了…Thispaperprovidesanoverviewof...篇文章綜述了……Thisarticlecompares...andsummarizeske