技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)PAGEPAGE1技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析摘要技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘(TBT)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)是指一國(guó)實(shí)行的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘所產(chǎn)生的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)影響,包括對(duì)相關(guān)國(guó)家及本國(guó)各利益集團(tuán)的利益得失及其變動(dòng)的影響。TBT對(duì)出口國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的影響主要通過(guò)數(shù)量抑制和價(jià)格抑制兩個(gè)方面來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。在短期內(nèi),TBT將會(huì)阻礙出口國(guó)企業(yè)的出口,導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者福利的損失;但在中長(zhǎng)期內(nèi),出口國(guó)若能對(duì)TBT進(jìn)行合理的管理和利用,則TBT可能會(huì)促使出口國(guó)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新動(dòng)力,從而對(duì)出口國(guó)貿(mào)易條件的改善具有促進(jìn)作用。關(guān)鍵詞:技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘;數(shù)量抑制;價(jià)格抑制;消費(fèi)者效應(yīng);產(chǎn)業(yè)效應(yīng)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘(TBT)是指一國(guó)或一個(gè)區(qū)域組織以維護(hù)國(guó)家或區(qū)域基本安全、保障人類健康和安全、保護(hù)動(dòng)植物健康和安全、保護(hù)環(huán)境、防止欺詐行為、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等為由而采取的一些強(qiáng)制性或自愿性的技術(shù)性措施,這些措施對(duì)其他國(guó)家或區(qū)域組織的商品、服務(wù)和投資進(jìn)入該國(guó)或該區(qū)域市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生影響。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)是指一國(guó)實(shí)行的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘所產(chǎn)生的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)影響,包括對(duì)相關(guān)國(guó)家及本國(guó)各利益集團(tuán)的利益得失及其變動(dòng)的影響。1TBT的作用機(jī)制分析從技術(shù)貿(mào)易壁壘的作用機(jī)制來(lái)看,一方面,技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘具有控制進(jìn)口商品數(shù)量的作用，即數(shù)量抑制機(jī)制另一方面,技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘具有控制進(jìn)口商品價(jià)格的作用，即價(jià)格抑制機(jī)制。1.1數(shù)量抑制效應(yīng)當(dāng)技術(shù)性要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較低時(shí),商品或服務(wù)都因達(dá)到或超過(guò)規(guī)定的技術(shù)性要求而被允許進(jìn)口。但當(dāng)進(jìn)口國(guó)將進(jìn)口品技術(shù)性要求提高時(shí),商品或服務(wù)因?yàn)榈陀诩夹g(shù)要求而被拒絕進(jìn)口。技術(shù)性要求的提高明顯構(gòu)成了對(duì)進(jìn)口品的貿(mào)易障礙,產(chǎn)生對(duì)進(jìn)口品的數(shù)量控制作用,。1.2價(jià)格抑制效應(yīng)出口商品或服務(wù)的質(zhì)量由于沒(méi)能達(dá)到進(jìn)口國(guó)的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而未獲得進(jìn)口許可,此時(shí),如果出口企業(yè)仍想留在進(jìn)口市場(chǎng),就只有通過(guò)增加投資對(duì)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改進(jìn),出口企業(yè)為保住市場(chǎng)不得不改進(jìn)技術(shù)調(diào)整生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)過(guò)程而付出額外費(fèi)用使之達(dá)到新的要求，這樣就導(dǎo)致了該產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的單位成本提高，企業(yè)要想獲得正常利潤(rùn)必須把價(jià)格提高,。此時(shí),技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘影響進(jìn)口成本,形成對(duì)進(jìn)口商品或服務(wù)的價(jià)格抑制。2進(jìn)口國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析TBT對(duì)進(jìn)口國(guó)的影響在“大國(guó)”和“小國(guó)”之間是存在差異的。“小國(guó)”是指在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上作為價(jià)格接受者的國(guó)家,其進(jìn)口(出口)量的變化不會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格產(chǎn)生影響,而“大國(guó)”則是指其進(jìn)口(出口)量的變化可以影響到國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。2.1進(jìn)口小國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析2.1.1國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)保護(hù)的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對(duì)于完全出于保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)目的的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,國(guó)外出口企業(yè)為了符合相關(guān)技術(shù)要求會(huì)使進(jìn)口商品的成本升高,國(guó)內(nèi)商品消費(fèi)量減少,該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)福利受到損失。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的設(shè)置,生產(chǎn)的資源使用效率越來(lái)越低,單位成本不斷上升,此時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)資源的使用效率低于壁壘設(shè)置之前。2.1.2消除外部性的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘設(shè)置技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的一個(gè)目標(biāo)就是要減少市場(chǎng)交易中的信息不對(duì)稱及生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的負(fù)外部效應(yīng)。因此,一國(guó)設(shè)置了技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者也會(huì)有一定的影響。首先,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者的影響。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘要求商品達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這就給消費(fèi)者提供了一種信息,即國(guó)內(nèi)所銷售的商品是安全的。這一方面節(jié)約了消費(fèi)者尋找安全商品的成本;另一方面也提高了消費(fèi)者對(duì)這種商品的評(píng)價(jià)。其次,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者的影響。進(jìn)口商品中如果含有對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者不利的非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，如果政府要消除這種外部性,就需要有一定的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,或者完全禁止貿(mào)易。2.2進(jìn)口大國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析2.2.1國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)保護(hù)的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘出于產(chǎn)業(yè)保護(hù)目的的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘可以通過(guò)對(duì)進(jìn)口量的調(diào)整影響國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格,改善本國(guó)所面臨的貿(mào)易條件。2.2.2消除外部性的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘首先,對(duì)消費(fèi)者的影響。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘設(shè)置之后，國(guó)內(nèi)需求增加，生產(chǎn)者的供給量也在增加，福利水平要高于技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘設(shè)置之前。其次,對(duì)生產(chǎn)者的影響。設(shè)置技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘時(shí)的福利水平要比禁止貿(mào)易時(shí)的大。如果不設(shè)置技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,則國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者不進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),剩余為0,與設(shè)置技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘相比,國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者剩余增加了，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者剩余減少了。3出口國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析3.1消費(fèi)者效應(yīng)為保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)、市場(chǎng)和環(huán)境,限制出口國(guó)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口,進(jìn)口國(guó)所設(shè)立的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在正常的情況下會(huì)高于出口國(guó)的技術(shù)水平。面對(duì)進(jìn)口國(guó)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在短期內(nèi),出口國(guó)的出口廠商有三種策略可供選擇:一是調(diào)整出口市場(chǎng),規(guī)避或繞開(kāi)壁壘,包括放棄該進(jìn)口國(guó)市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)攻第三國(guó)市場(chǎng),或者從第三國(guó)市場(chǎng)再進(jìn)入該國(guó);二是受到進(jìn)口國(guó)技術(shù)壁壘的限制而減少甚至停止該產(chǎn)品的出口,在該產(chǎn)品停止出口之后,國(guó)內(nèi)可能繼續(xù)生產(chǎn),也可能停止生產(chǎn),還有可能通過(guò)對(duì)外直接投資(FDI)來(lái)代替產(chǎn)品的出口;三是進(jìn)行“尋租”活動(dòng),通過(guò)賄賂等方法獲取進(jìn)入進(jìn)口國(guó)市場(chǎng)的資格。在中長(zhǎng)期中,出口廠商則可以通過(guò)提高生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平來(lái)直接滿足技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的要求。出口廠商的不同應(yīng)對(duì)方法對(duì)出口國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者的影響是不同的。當(dāng)采取第一種策略，消費(fèi)者效應(yīng)的變化取決于出口規(guī)模的變化。如果因此而開(kāi)拓出新的市場(chǎng),導(dǎo)致出口數(shù)量增加,出口規(guī)模和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大,則國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者能從規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)中獲利；如果因此而導(dǎo)致出口市場(chǎng)萎縮，出口規(guī)模縮小,則國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者將不得不為生產(chǎn)商承擔(dān)一部分成本。當(dāng)采取第二種策略，出口國(guó)消費(fèi)者可基于替代效應(yīng)和收入效應(yīng)而增加該種產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi),消費(fèi)者剩余增加。在短期內(nèi),當(dāng)出口廠商減少或停止產(chǎn)品出口后,如該產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)主要是為了出口,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì),可能會(huì)促使廠商停止在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn);國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)停止,則出口國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的消費(fèi)者將會(huì)損失一種商品的消費(fèi)選擇機(jī)會(huì)。此外,出口廠商還可能用對(duì)外直接投資(FDI)的方式來(lái)替代產(chǎn)品的出口,以繞過(guò)進(jìn)口國(guó)的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,這時(shí)出口國(guó)消費(fèi)者的福利幾乎不會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化。當(dāng)采取第三種策略，出口廠商在提高出口產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)水平的時(shí)候,如果國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和國(guó)外市場(chǎng)沒(méi)有足夠的措施進(jìn)行分割,而只能實(shí)行自由貿(mào)易,那么出口廠商在國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)該是改進(jìn)了技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品,否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)平行進(jìn)口的現(xiàn)象。3.2產(chǎn)業(yè)效應(yīng)(1)貿(mào)易限制效應(yīng)。在短期之內(nèi),TBT阻止了出口,使得生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的銷售量急劇下降,這對(duì)于生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的沖擊是很大的。(2)貿(mào)易促進(jìn)效應(yīng)。對(duì)于實(shí)力薄弱、在短期的沖擊中就已經(jīng)生存不下去的企業(yè),就沒(méi)有中長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)了,稍微苛刻的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘沖擊就使它們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)中消失。但如果出口國(guó)積極主動(dòng)地提高技術(shù)水平,突破TBT的限制,則會(huì)在出口量下降到一定程度時(shí),這一TBT壁壘被打破，同時(shí)帶來(lái)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,從而帶來(lái)出口量的增加，也就是存在著貿(mào)易促進(jìn)效應(yīng)。3.3福利凈效應(yīng)(1)短期的福利凈效應(yīng)損失。,從短期來(lái)說(shuō),TBT使出口國(guó)的福利水平下降,發(fā)生福利凈損失。(2)中長(zhǎng)期福利凈效應(yīng)由負(fù)轉(zhuǎn)為正。在中長(zhǎng)期之內(nèi),TBT促使出口國(guó)在技術(shù)上的創(chuàng)新和突破必然帶來(lái)貿(mào)易量的重新恢復(fù)和增加,從而就促使出口國(guó)的生產(chǎn)者剩余和消費(fèi)者剩余都增加,也就是社會(huì)福利增加。4結(jié)語(yǔ)作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,我國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品正面臨越來(lái)越多的主要來(lái)自發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的TBT措施的挑戰(zhàn)。TBT對(duì)我國(guó)出口的不利影響主要表現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力兩個(gè)方面。①進(jìn)口國(guó)TBT對(duì)出口國(guó)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的影響主要表現(xiàn)在:由于我國(guó)產(chǎn)品不符合進(jìn)口國(guó)環(huán)境技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,被限制進(jìn)口;由于進(jìn)口國(guó)實(shí)施某種新的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定或標(biāo)準(zhǔn),被限制進(jìn)口;由于進(jìn)口國(guó)采取不合理的規(guī)定或標(biāo)準(zhǔn),甚至實(shí)行雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn),被限制進(jìn)口。②TBT對(duì)出口國(guó)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的影響表現(xiàn)為:沒(méi)有獲得有關(guān)認(rèn)證產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力大大降低;為達(dá)到相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而增加原料成本削弱了產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;技術(shù)、環(huán)保以及改善勞動(dòng)條件的投入使成本增加,從而削弱了產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;過(guò)高的檢驗(yàn)檢疫費(fèi)用導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降;高昂的認(rèn)證費(fèi)用導(dǎo)致企業(yè)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降。但不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是,TBT在給我國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易帶來(lái)了巨大負(fù)面影響的同時(shí),其對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易發(fā)展也有積極的一面。TBT對(duì)我國(guó)的外貿(mào)出口的積極效應(yīng)主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、評(píng)審制度建設(shè)、技術(shù)法規(guī)建設(shè)、增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí)等幾個(gè)方面。ECONOMICEFFECTANALYSISONTECHNICALBARRIERTOTRADELiShu,ChenGangSchoolofEconomics,SouthwestUniversityofPoliticalScience&Law,Chongqing400031,ChinaCLCnumber:F741Documentcode:AArticlenumber:1004-972X(2009)05-0008-06AbstractTheeconomiceffectontechnicalbarriertotrade(TBT)isthoughtastheinfluencesofeconomywhichisexertedbyTBTimplementedinonecountry·Forexportcountry,influencesonexporttradearemainlyquantityrestraintandpricerestraint·Inshorttime,TBTcouldprevententerprisesofexportcountryfromexporting,andbringlossofproducerwelfare;butinmiddleandlongtime,ifexportcountriescanrationallymakeuseofTBT,itwillbeabletopromotetheinnovationofproductsandtechnologyinexportcountriestoimprovetradecondition·Therelativeproblemisanalysisinthisarticle·Keywords:TBT;quantityrestraint;pricerestraint;consumerseffect;industryeffectTechnicalbarrierstotrade(TBT)isreferstoacountryoraregionalorganizationtomaintainbasicsecurity,nationalorregionalprotectionofhumanhealthandsafety,protectanimalandplanthealthandsafety,Protectenvironment,topreventfraud,toensureproductqualityandsoonthegroundsandtakesomemandatoryorvoluntarytechnicalmeasures,intothethecountryortheregionalmarketimpactofthesemeasuresonothercountriesorregionalorganizationsofgoods,servicesandinvestment.Theeconomiceffectoftechnicalbarrierstotradereferstovariouseconomiceffectsoftechnicalbarrierstotradeacountryproduces,includinginfluenceofinterestsofcountriesandtheirvariousinterestgroupsandtheirchanges.IANALYSISOFTHEMECHANISMABOUTTBTFromthemechanismoftechnicalbarrierstotrade,ontheonehand,thetechnicalbarrierstotradehasthequantitycontrolofimportedgoods,namelythenumberofinhibitionmechanismontheotherhand,thetechnicalbarrierstotradehascontroleffectonthepricesofimportedgoods,thepricesuppressionmechanism.AQuantityeffectWhenthetechnicalrequirementsarelow,goodsorservicesareduetomeetorexceedthetechnicalrequirementsandareallowedtobeimported.Butwhentheimportingcountrywillimportproducttechnicalrequirementsimprove,goodsorservicesforlessthanthetechnicalrequirementsandrejectedimported.Technicalrequirementsincreaseobviouslyconstitutetradebarriersonimports,thenumberofimportcontrol,.BPriceeffectQualityofexportgoodsorservicesastheminimumstandardscannotreachtheimportingcountryanddidnotobtainimportlicense,atthistime,iftheexportenterprisesstillwanttostayintheimportmarket,onlybyincreasingtheinvestmentoftechnologyontheproductorserviceimprovement,exportenterprisestokeepthemarkethadtoimprovetechnologytoadjusttheproductionorserviceprocessandtheadditionalcost.Tothenewrequirements,thiscausedtheunitcostoftheproductorservicetoimprove,theenterprisewantstoobtainnormalprofitsmustraiseprices,.Atthistime,theimpactoftechnicalbarrierstotradethecostofimports,theformationofimportcommoditiesorservicepricesuppression.IIANALYSISOFECONOMICEFFECTOFIMPORTCOUNTRYEffectofTBTontheimportingcountryisthedifferencebetween"big"and"small"."Small"isdefinedasthepriceoftherecipientcountryintheinternationalmarket,theimport(export)volumechangesdonotaffectthepriceintheinternationalmarket,andthe"power"referstotheimport(export)volumechangescanaffectthepriceintheinternationalmarket.AEconomiceffectanalysisofsmallimportcountries.Thedomesticindustryprotectiontechnicalbarrierstotrade.Forfullyforthepurposeofprotectingdomesticindustriestechnicalbarrierstotrade,exportenterprisesinordertocomplywiththerelevanttechnicalrequirementswillmakethecostofimportsincreased,domesticcommodityconsumptionreduction,thecountry'seconomicwelfareloss.Alongwiththetechnicalbarrierstotrade,productionefficiencyofresourceuseismoreandmorelow,unitcostscontinuetorise,beforetheuseefficiencywhendomesticresourcesbelowthebarrierset.Toeliminatetheexternalityoftechnicalbarrierstotrade.Onegoalofthetechnicalbarrierstotradeistoreducetheexternalnegativeeffectsofinformationasymmetryinmarkettradeandproductionandconsumption.Therefore,asetoftechnicalbarrierstotrade,willalsohaveacertainimpactondomesticconsumersandproducers.Firstofall,theimpactondomesticconsumers.Technicalbarrierstotradeforgoodsreachedacertainstandard,whichprovidestheconsumerwithainformation,whichdomesticsalesofgoodsissafe.Ontheonehand,savingconsumerslookingforsafetycostofgoods;ontheotherhand,raisingconsumerevaluationonthiskindofmerchandise.Secondly,theimpactondomesticproducers.Importsifitcontainsnoneconomicfactorsadversetodomesticproducers,ifthegovernmentwantstoeliminatetheexternality,requiresacertainamountoftechnicalbarrierstotrade,orprohibittradecompletely.BAnalysisoftheeconomiceffectsofbigimportcountry.Thedomesticindustryprotectiontechnicalbarrierstotrade.Fortechnicalbarrierstotradeindustryprotectionpurposethroughthepriceadjustmentofimportsintheinternationalmarket,improvethecountryfacedtradeconditions.Toeliminatetheexternalityoftechnicalbarrierstotrade.Firstofall,theimpactonconsumers.Afterthetechnicalbarrierstotrade,theincreaseindomesticdemand,supplyproducersarealsoontherise,beforethewelfarelevelishigherthanthesettechnicalbarrierstotrade.Secondly,impactonproducers.Technicalbarrierstotradeofthewelfarelevelthanthebanonthetradeof.Ifyoudonotsetthetechnicalbarrierstotrade,domesticproducersarenotproduction,theremaining0.Comparedwiththetechnicalbarrierstotrade,consumersurplusincreases,domesticproducersurplusreduces.IIIANALYSISOFECONOMICEFFECTOFEXPORTCOUNTRYAConsumereffect.Fortheprotectionofdomesticproduction,marketandenvironment,importrestrictionsontheexportofChina,technicalleveloftechnicalstandardsestablishedbytheimporterwillbehigherthantheexportcountryinnormalcircumstances.Facingthetechnicalstandardsoftheimportingcountry,intheshortterm,exportcountry'sexportmanufacturershavethreestrategies:oneistoadjusttheexportmarket,tocircumventorbypassthebarriers,includingtheabandonmentoftheimportcountrymarketturntothirdcountriesmarket,orfromathirdcountrymarkettoenterthecountry;twoissubjecttoimporttechnicalbarrierstolimitandreduceorevenstoptheexports,aftertheproducttostoptheexportofdomesticproduction,islikelytocontinue,mayalsostopproduction,possiblythroughforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)insteadoftheexportofproducts;threeofthe"Rent-seeking"activities,togetintothemarketofimportcountryqualificationthroughbriberyandothermethods.Inthelongterm,exportmanufacturerscanimprovethelevelofproductiontechnologytomeettherequirementsoftechnicalbarrierstotrade.Differentwaysofexportmanufacturershavedifferentinfluencesondomesticconsumersexporter.Whentakingthefirststrategy,consumereffectvariesdependingonthechangeofexportscale.Ifsoastodevelopnewmarkets,leadingtoincreaseinthenumberofexport,exportanddomesticexpansionofthescaleofproduction,domesticconsumerscanbenefitfromeconomiesofscale;ifthisleadstoshrinkingexportmarket,exportscaledown,thenthedomesticconsumerswillhavetobearpartofthecostofamanufacturer.Whenusingthesecondstrategies,theexportingcountryconsumerscanincreasetheconsumptionofproductsbasedonthesubstitutioneffectandincomeeffect,increaseconsumersurplus.Intheshortterm,whentheexportmanufacturerstoreduceorstoptheexportofproducts,suchastheproductionofthisproductismainlyforexport,willappearthediseconomiesofscaleofproduction,mayencouragemanufacturerstostopproductioninChina;domesticsupplystop,consumerswillbethelossofdomesticexportersacommodityconsumerchoice.Inaddition,firmsmayalsouseforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)waytosubstituteproductsexport,tobypasstheimportingcountry'stechnicalbarrierstotrade,theexportingcountryconsumerwelfareishardlywhathappens.Whenusingthethirdstrategies,exportmanufacturersintimetoimprovethetechnicallevelofexportproducts,ifthedomesticmarketandforeignmarketsisnotenoughmeasuresforsegmentation,andcanimplementfreetrade,thenexportmanufacturersinthedomesticsupplyofproductsshouldalsobeimprovedtechnologyproducts,otherwisetherewillbethephenomenonofparallelimport.BIndustrialeffect.Traderestrictioneffect.Intheshortterm,TBTblockedtheexportproductionenterprises,makingsalesfellsharply,thisisgreatfortheproductionofbusinessimpact.Tradepromotingeffect.Thestrengthoftheweak,intheshort-termshockshavenotliveenterprise,thereisnolong-termeffect,technicalbarrierstotradeimpactmakesslightlyharshtheydisappearinthemarket.Butiftheexportcountryactivelytoimprovethetechnicallevel,breakthroughthelimitofTBT,hasdroppedtoacertainextentinexportvolume,theTBTbarrierstobebroken,atthesametimebringtechnologicalinnovation,leadingtotheincreaseinexportvolume,alsoistheexistenceoftradepromotingeffect.CWelfareeffect.Lossofwelfarenetshort-termeffects.Intheshortterm,TBTTheexportingcountries'welfarelevelsdrop,netlossofwelfare.Thelong-termwelfareeffectfromnegativetopositive.Inthelongterm,TBTtopromoteexportcountryinthetechnicalinnovationandprocessBrokenwillinevitablybringaboutthetradevolumeresumedandincreased,whichpromptedtheexporteroftheproducersurplusandconsumersurpluswillincrease,alsoistheincreaseinsocialwelfare.IVCONCLUSIONAsthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,China'sexportsarefacingmoreandmorefromdevelopedcountries'TBTchallenge.TheadverseeffectsofTBTonChina'sexportsi