閱讀理解+七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解ACakanisasuccessfulbusinessmanfromMontenegro，whohasearnedhimselfnicknames(昵稱)like“thebestboss”and“Brother”bybeingsurprisinglygeneroustohisemployees.Cakan，whoowns“CakanSports”，thelargestsportinggoodsstorechaininMontenegro，hasbeenmakingnewsheadlinesforyears，butnotforhisprofessionalsuccess.Heisbestknownforthegenerosityheshowstohisfaithfulandhard-workingemployees.Thebusinessmanfirmlybelievesthathiscompanycanboomonlyifhekeepshisemployeeshappy，andtothatend，hehasofferedthebestofthemsomeprettyunbelievablepresents.Cakanfirstsurprisedhisworkersbackin2012，whenheofferedfourofthembrandnewcars—2VWGolf6and2VWpolo—completewithpaidinsurance.Theyweresomeoftheoldestandmosthard-workingemployeesofCakanSports，andsincethecompanyhadrecentlymoveditsoperationsoutsidethecity，Cakanthoughthisbestpeopleshouldn’thavetostruggletogettowork.“Whenwesawthem，wewerespeechless，”Danijela，oneofthereceivers，remembers.“Whilethebosswassaying‘thisisagiftforyou’，allIcouldthinkofwas‘thisisnotreal，thiscan’tbehappeningtous’．”ButthiswasjustoneofthegenerouswaysCakanhasrewardedhisemployeesovertheyears.In2014，afterhearingthatoneofhisworkershadbeensavinguphispaycheckssohecouldbuyatickettotheWorldCupsoccerfinal，inBrazil，hetookhimtherehimself，athisownexpense.Askedwhyhedoesn’tuseacheapermeansofmotivatinghisemployees，likeasmallraiseoracashbonus，Cakanhadthistosay，“Moneycomesandgoes，butmemoriesareforever.”Askedwhymanyofhisemployeescallhim“Brother”，Cakantoldareporterthatitwasbecause“brothersalwayshelpeachother”．1．WhatisCakanbestnotedfor?A．Hisfrequentheadlinenewsforyears.B．Hisgreatsuccessinhisbusiness.C．Hisextremegenerositytohisemployees.D．Hislargestsportinggoodsstorechain.2．WhydidCakanofferhisfourbestworkersnewcars?A．Tomakethemtraveltoworkeasily.B．Torewardtheircreativeideasinwork.C．Toencouragethemtogettoworkearlier.D．Tohelpthemreducetrafficexpenses.3．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ASmartBusinessmanB．AConsiderateEmployerC．Hard-workingEmployeesD．UnbelievablePresentsBWhatdoyouusuallydowhenyouhavesomefreetime？Doyoutakepartinanyformofhobby？Ifyouranswerisno，thenyoushouldthinktwice.Cultivatingsometypesofinterestorhobbiesmightbetheidealwaytodevelopyourbrainandimproveyourcreativethinking.Hereisacommonproblemthatmanyolderpeoplehave.Theyhavespentsuchagreatdealoftimeraisingtheirfamilythatoncetheirchildrenaregrownandlefthome，theyallofasuddenstarttoexperiencetheirage.Quiteoften，itisnottheiragethatistheconcern.Itisthefactthattheyareunexpectedlyofferedmoretimeontheirhands.Whenyouputintoomuchtimenotdoinganything，thiscanaffectyourbrain.Thisisjustwheretheexpression“Ifyoudon’tuseit，youloseit”definitelyisthetruth.Yourmindneedsworkingoutmuchlikeanyothermusclesinyourbody.Thisiswhygettingahobbymatters.Itoffersyousomethingtodoandisaperfectwaytomeetnewpeople.Enjoyingahobbyisalsoaperfectwaytoimprovecreativethinkingatanyage.Evenyoungchildrencanprofitfromtakinganewhobby.Forretiredpeople，enjoyingahobbywhichtheycanfindentertainmentinwiththeirgrandchildrenwillhelpkeepthemactiveandfeelyoungatheart.Severalhobbiesthatareterrificforbothyourmindandyourbodyincludeyoga，biking，swimmingandgolf.Ifyouaren’tfondofsports，eventakingawalkregularlyisawonderfulwaytokeepactive.Ithelpsyoutoappreciatefreshsceneryandithasbeensuggestedthatthecolorsgreenandbluehelpmakeyoumorecreative.Asyoucanseeabove，youcangetprettymuchfromtakingahobby.Withsomanychoiceswaitingforyou，beginyourjourneyrightaway!4．WhatcanbeimpliedaboutmanyolderpeoplefromParagraph2?A．Theylackcreativethinking.B．Theyshoulddeveloptheirbrain.C．Theyconcernabouttheirage.D．Theyusedtohavelittlefreetime.5．Whydoesgettingahobbymatteraccordingtothetext?A．Itstrengthensone’sbrain.B．Ithelpsbuildupone’smuscles.C．Itenablesonetomakefriends.D．Itimprovesone’slivingconditions.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terrific”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Specific. B．Disgusting.C．Wonderful. D．Fundamental.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TryingDifferentHobbiesB．SpendingYourFreeTimeC．ExperiencingYourHobbyNowD．FeelingYoungatHeartCCouldthedevice，smartphoneorPC，whichyouareusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit？Totestit，researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有軌電車)problem”：Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowards，fivepeopleweretieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing，resultinginthedeathoffivepeople，orpushamanoffthebridge，whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives，which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose，comparedwith22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems，theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional，reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma，”DrAlbertBarque-Duran，theleadauthorofthestudy，toldCity，UniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy，DrBarque-Durannoted，“Duetothefactthatoursociallives，workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline，itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged，andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”It’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchesonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecision-makingbecausewe’reusingscreensatanever-increasingrate.8．Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?A．Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.B．Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C．Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.D．Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.9．Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A．Calmly. B．Cruelly.C．Hesitantly. D．Enthusiastically.10．DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs，smartphones.A．helppeoplebearmorepressureB．helppeoplemakedecisionsquickC．makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD．makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems11．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.B．ThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.C．PeoplewhooftenusesmartphonesorPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas.D．Itiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylife.Ⅱ.七選五(2018·湖南郴州第二次質檢)TeenageBrainsintheDigitalWorldWhenitcomestotechnology，adultswon’tbeabletokeepupwiththeirchildren.Ittooktheradio38yearstoreach50millionpeople，butittookonly20yearsforthephonetoreachthesamenumber，and13yearsforthetelevision.Incontrast，ittookFacebook3.6years.12.Overthe15years，digitalcommunicationhasbroughtinmorechangesthantheprintingpressdidin1570.Andthosemostlikelytousetheminthisworldareteenagers，whosebrainsappeartohaveanextraordinarycapacitytoadapttotheworldaroundthem.13，enablingteenagerstokeepupwiththeincreasingpaceofdigitaltechnologyandgivingthemanadvantagewhenitcomestomultitasking(多重任務處理)．IntheUS，onaverageteenagersspend8.5hoursadayusingcomputers，mobiles，andotherdevicestolearn，interactandplay.14，suchastalkingonthephonewhileyou’rewatchingTV.Astheystareatthesescreens，they’retakinginandsortingthroughanincredibleamountofinformation.15.YouTubeindicatesthatteenagersallovertheworldarewatchingthesameclipsandlaughingatthesamejoke，indicatingthattheyaremoreglobal-mindedthanteenagersinthepast.Theymaybekeenontextingtheirfriendsandpostingupdatesonsocialmediasites.16.Bytheageof30，ourbrainswillbecomemoresetintheirways，makingitharderforustoadaptandcopewiththenewtechnology.A．However，thereisacut-offB．Twitteronlyneeded88daysC．ThereareconcernsabouthowtomakefriendsonlineD．ThereisanadvantageofthegrowingdigitaltrendE．Havingamoreflexiblebrainmeanscertainpartsofithaven’tdevelopedyetF．ThismeansthattheteenagebrainscanadapttonewtechnologyG．Thisincreasesto11.5hoursifyouincludeallthemultitaskingthatgoeson答案解析Ⅰ.eq\x(語篇解讀本文作者向人們介紹了一位慷慨、體貼的老板——察坎。)1．C[細節理解題。根據第一段可知，察坎以對員工非常的慷慨而著名。故答案為C。]2．A[細節理解題。根據第三段第二句中的“Cakanthoughthisbestpeopleshouldn’thavetostruggletogettowork”可知，察坎為他最優秀的員工提供汽車是為了讓他們輕松地去上班。由此可知答案為A。]3．B[標題歸納題。根據第一段及下文內容可知，本文敘述的是一位慷慨、體貼的老板——察坎。故“AConsiderateEmployer(一位體貼的老板)”作本文標題最佳。]語篇解讀文章介紹了業余愛好對老年人的好處：鍛煉腦力、強身健體。作者呼吁人們馬上行動起來。4．D[推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Theyhavespentsuchagreatdealoftimeraisingtheirfamily...Quiteoften，itisnottheiragethatistheconcern.Itisthefactthattheyareunexpectedlyofferedmoretimeontheirhands.”可知，很多老年人年輕時把時間主要用來養家糊口，年老之后，他們擔心的不是變老，而是他們有了過多的可以自由支配的時間。由此推知，他們原來很少有自由時間。故D選項正確。]5．A[細節理解題。由第三段中的“Yourmindneedsworkingoutmuchlikeanyothermusclesinyourbody.Thisiswhygettingahobbymatters.”可知，就像你身體的其他部位一樣，你的大腦需要鍛煉。這就是業余愛好重要的原因。可知，業余愛好可以鍛煉大腦、增強腦力。故A選項正確。]6．C[詞義猜測題。第三段和第四段主要介紹了業余愛好可以鍛煉腦力，同時對身體有好處。結合選項，該畫線單詞意思應為C選項：極好的。]7．C[標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了業余愛好對老年人的好處。最后一段是總結段。最后一段提到我們可以從業余愛好中受益。你可以有很多選擇，馬上開始吧。故C項適合做該文標題。]語篇解讀本文是一篇科普類文章。你所使用的手機或電腦設備能否影響你的道德決策？為此，研究者對1,010位參與者做了研究。8．C[推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic‘trolley(有軌電車)problem’”可推斷出，作者提到有軌電車問題，只是展示了研究中問題的一個例子。故選C。]9．A[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems，theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional，reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma”可知，面對情感困境，手機使用者能夠更冷靜地處理。故選A。]10．C[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”可知，與電腦相比，手機更使人感到精神上