XX小升初數學知識點講解整理(比與比例)(一)比的意義和性質.比的意義兩個數相除又叫做兩個數的比。“:”是比號,讀作“比”。比號前面的數叫做比的前項,比號后面的數叫做比的后項。比的前項除以后項所得的商,叫做比值。同除法比較,比的前項相當于被除數,后項相當于除數,比值相當于商。比值通常用分數表示,也可以用小數表示,有時也可能是整數。比的后項不能是零。根據分數與除法的關系,可知比的前項相當于分子,后項相當于分母,比值相當于分數值。2.比的性質比的前項和后項同時乘上或者除以相同的數(0除外),比值不變,這叫做比的基本性質。3.求比值和化簡比求比值的方法:用比的前項除以后項,它的結果是一個數值可以是整數,也可以是小數或分數。根據比的基本性質可以把比化成最簡單的整數比。它的結果必須是一個最簡比,即前、后項是互質的數。4.比例尺圖上距離:實際距離=比例尺要求會求比例尺;已知圖上距離和比例尺求實際距離;已知實際距離和比例尺求圖上距離。線段比例尺:在圖上附有一條注有數目的線段,用來表示和地面上相對應的實際距離。5.按比例分配在農業生產和日常生活中,常常需要把一個數Unit

2There

were

few

doctors,so

he

had

to

work

very

hardon

his

own.Module

3Heroes1Norman

Bethune諾爾曼?白求恩（1890-1939）Do

you

know

who

heis?2born

in

Gravenhurst,Ontario,

Canada

onMarch

4,

1890graduated

inUniversity

ofToronto

in

19163went

toSpain

in

1936

and

organizeda

mobile

blood

transfusion

service4came

toChina

and

joinedthe

8th

Route

Army

in

theShanxi-Hebeiborder

regionasasurgeondied

because

ofsepticemia(敗血癥)whenhe

was

only

49

in

19395soldier

treatNorman

Bethunewas

Canadian.He

was

a

doctor.He

tried

his

best

totreat

the

sick

soldiers.hospital

sickwar

woundin

Cthaenabdioaxn.

(Pdo2c0to)

r1

Make

some

sentences

aboutwhatNorman

Bethune

did,

using

the

words6Answer

the

questions.Task

1Who

is

the

writer

of

thispassage?WangLingling.What

does

this

passage

mainly

talk

about?It

mainly

talks

about

Wang

Lingling’shero—Dr

Norman

Bethune.one

of+the+形容詞最高級+名詞復數表示“……中最……之一”。7die

for意為“為……而死”。Listen

to

the

passage

aboutDr

Norman

Bethuneandchoose

the

correct

answer.(There

might

be

more

thanone

right

answer.)Task

281.

Where

is

Dr

Norman

Bethunefrom?A.China B.

Spain C.

Canada2.

What

did

he

do

to

take

care

of

the

sick?A.

He

treated

them

on

his

own.B.

He

invented

special

medical

tools.C.

He

taught

local

doctors

andnurses.3.

What

did

Dr

Bethune

die

of?A.

hard

work B.

tirednessC.

hiswound4.

Who

are

still

remembering

himtoday?A.Chinese B.

Canadians C.Spanish①②③④研究新辦法照顧；護理the+adj.

表示一類人引導目的狀語從句引導原因狀語從句on

one’s

own獨自一人引導結果狀語從句那時候manage

to

do

sth.表示“設法做(成某事)”

死于…9…456221)a)

came

to

Chinab)

wrote

books

about

ways

of

treatingthe

sick

in

China1

c)

was

born

in

18903d)

invented

medical

tools

to

use

outsidehospitalsdiedwent

to

treat

the

wounded

soldiers

inSpainTask

33

Number

the

events

about

NormanBethune

in

the

order

they

happened.(P10Check

the

sentences

and

correct

thew1.rNonogrmoannesB.

ethune

began

to

work

as

a×doctor

in

11993166.Because

of

Dr

Bethune’s

inventions,doctors

could

treat

the

wounded

morequickly.

√There

were

sofemwe

doctors

during

the

Anti-Japanese

War.

×He

often

worked

hard

to

save

thesoldiers

without

taking

care

of

himself.√Dr

Bethune

is

a

hero

in

Chinese’smind.√Task

411the

(2) in

Spain,

he

treated

the

woundedand

wounded

soldiers.

He

often

workedwarsicksold(Pier2s1th)

ere.Heinventedspecial(3)

tools

touse

outside

hospitals.

His

(4)

inventionssaved

manylives.

In

China,

he

(5)

continued

to

treat(6)inventionwoundwithout

taking

a

rest

and

did

not

look

after

(7)

himself

.

At

one

point,

he

(8)

managed

to

saveover

one

hundred

lives

insixty-nine

hours.Duringan

operation,

he

cut

his

finger,

and

finally

died

ofhis

(9)

wound

.

He

is

still

remembered

in

bothChina

andCanada.Canadian

continue

himselfmanage

siTcaksk

5tool

war4

NCoormmapnleBteethtuhnee

wpaass(s1a)Cgaenawdiitahn

t,hbeut

he

isonecoofrtrheecmt

ofostrfmamoofusthheeroweos

rindCshiinnat.hDeubrionxg

.12In

the

1980s,

he

travelled

around

theworldand

gave

advice

about

growing

rice

tomany

people.

In

2004,

he

wontheWorldFood

Prizefor

his

work.

Yuan

Longping’snew

rice

has

helped

many

countries

of

theworld

grow

more

rice

than

before.

So

he

iscalled

“the

Father

of

Rice”.

He

hassavedmany

people

from

hunger,

and

that

is

whyhe

is

ahero.13die

for/oftake

care

ofon

one’s

own…and

wrote

books

so

that

they

couldlearn

about

how

he

treated

thesick.Once,

he

even

worked

for

sixty-ninehours

without

stopping

and

managed

tosave

over

a

hundred

lives.本課時主要短語和句型總結回顧141. The

young

man

is

old

enough

to

look

after(he).Ⅰ.用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。himself—Look!

There

is

a

wounded

(wound)woman.

Let’s

help

her.—Okay.Please

wait

a

moment.

Mr

Li

is

doing

a(n)

operation

(operate)atthemoment.—The

project

is

very

good.

I

like

it

verymuch.—Thank

you.

Dan

and

I

developed(develop)

it

from

Maria’sidea.5.

These

inventions

(invent)

have

broughtthe

old

lots

ofhappiness.15Ⅱ.根據句意及首字母提示寫出正確的單詞。Sara

has

been

s

ick

for

two

days