1EnjoyableandEffective

ATrainingSessionforPre-serviceTeachers

學習目標

LearningObjectivesAfterthislecture,youareexpectedto聽了今天的講座，希望您能StatethecharacteristicsofchildrenlearningEnglish說出少兒學習外語的特點小學生的特點、學習過程、學習的條件ExplainthekeyprinciplesandstrategiesforteachingyounglearnersEnglish解釋少兒英語教學的重要原則和策略以學生為中心、交際為導向、活動為基礎2Pleaseaskyourself：WhydochildrenlearnEnglish?

少兒英語教學的主要目的是什么？Whataretheircharacteristics?

少兒學習外語有哪些特點？Whatapproachismoreeffective?什么樣的教學途徑對少兒更有效?3少兒英語教學的目的4了解英語國家文化形成世界意識初步形成英語學習策略良好的語音基礎初步的口頭交際能力學習和掌握英語語言基礎知識建立英語學習的興趣和信心形成積極的態度Childrenas

languagelearners

兒童作為語言學習者5Childrenaremoreenthusiasticandlivelyareboldtohaveagoatanactivityhavelesspsycho-stressonlearninghavemoretimetolearn熱情積極活潑勇于參與活動心理壓力較少學習時間較多6Buttheyarelesscognitivelydevelopedcan’tretaintheirattentionlongloseinterestmorequicklyhavelesslearningexperience認知水平較低注意保持較短容易喪失興趣學習經驗較少7少兒如何有效地學英語？

HowYLlearnEnglish?通過類似母語習得的自然途徑inanaturalway通過在信任接受的氛圍中互動byinteractingwitheachotherinanatmosphereoftrustandacceptance通過參與多種有趣的活動byparticipatinginavarietyofinterestingactivities通過模仿和重復、唱歌和誦讀等byimitatingandrepeating,singingandchanting8自然的方式Thenaturalway9Exposuretolanguage感受語言Comprehension理解意思Imitation模仿Activeuse活用語言Languageinput語言輸入Languageoutput語言輸出少兒學習語言的過程

theprocessofYLlanguagelearning10Notice注意Want想學Engage參與Link聯系Succeed成功少兒學習英語的外部條件

ExternalConditionsforChildrenLearningEnglish11Clearobjectives

的興趣正確的示范Correctdemonstration可理解的輸入Understandableinput輕松的氛圍Stress-freeatmosphere有意義的互動Meaningfulinteraction積極的強化Positivereinforcement充分的參與Adequateinvolvement重要理念Keyideas兒童以一種類似自然的語言習得方式學習外語他們具備學習外語的優勢和但也有劣勢他們的英語技能不是老師“教給”的，而是他們在參與學習活動過程中“學會”的。他們學習外語需要有利的外部條件。12常見的問題Commonproblems教師沒有提供足夠機會引起學生的注意教學目標與學生的需要不一致學生不愿努力嘗試詞句太難；不知如何做；沒趣味活動機會不夠→難以記憶和運用經歷過多的失敗→失去信心不能有效地建立聯系→不能活用操練太狹窄；內容難于內化；或缺乏挑戰性如何改進？13ImplicationsforTeachers

對教師的啟示14Theteachershould…beawarethatlanguageacquisitionisanaturalprocess

認識語言習（獲）得是個自然的過程Speechfirst口語領先Stepbystep循序漸進152.adoptmethodscom‘patiblewiththechildren’sdevelopmentalstage

教學法方法適應兒童發展階段Active,hands-on動手活動Multi-dimensionallearning多維163.Makethelearningrelevanttochildren’sinterestsandperspective

學習結合兒童的興趣和認識

Concretevocabulary具體的詞匯Here-and-nowcontent身邊的內容Startwherechildrenare174.Theteachershouldprovideunderstandablelanguageandnecessarysupport5.Theteachershouldprovidemanyopportunities

forlanguageinteraction

186.Theteachershouldsupportpupils’motivationandself-esteemwhilediminishingtheiranxiety197.Theteachershouldvaluetheroleoftheclassroom

environmentinsupportinglearning20ThreeImportantPrinciplesChild-Centeredperspective

以兒童為中心的教育理念Speech-Orientedapproach

以口語為導向教學途徑Activity-Basedinteraction

以活動為基礎的互動模式21Child-CenteredYounglearners’characteristics,needsandinterest少兒的特點、需要和興趣Learner-centeredinstructionin以學習者為中心的教學體現在designingalesson…（備課）teachingalesson…（上課）assigninghomework…（作業）assessinglearning…（評價）22Speech-‘OrientedTeachinginEnglish

用英語教學

Understandableinput

可理解輸入‘Sca‘ffolding

提供“腳手架”支持

Authenticlanguage

真實的語言

Meaningfulcommunication

有意義交流

Realia-supportedinteraction

教具輔助的互動

Speech-basedskilldevelopment

口語為基礎的技能發展2324Scaffolding提供“腳手架”Gettingchildreninterestedinthetask激發兒童們對任務的興趣Simplifyingthetask;breakingitdownintosmallersteps簡化任務、化整為零Keepingchildrenontask;remindingthemofgoals保持兒童們參與，提示學習目標Pointingoutwhatisimportant指出重點Preventing/managingfrustration預防/化解挫折Activity-BasedActivatinglearning

激發學生積極性

Stimulatinginterest

刺激興趣

MultipleIntelligencestrategies

多元智能策略

Engagingalllearners

促進全體參與

Grouplearning

小組集體活動

Peertutorial

同伴互助

Integratingskills

整合技能

Recurrentpractice

循環實踐Multi-skilledcommunication

多技能的交流2526MultipleIntelligences

多元智能Linguisticintelligence(“wordsmart”)(語言文字智能)Logical-mathematicalintelligence(“logic/mathsmart")(邏輯-數學智能)Spatialintelligence(“picturesmart”)(視覺空間智能)Bodily-Kinestheticintelligence(“bodysmart”)(身體運動智能)

Musicalintelligence(“musicsmart”)(音樂旋律智能)Interpersonalintelligence("peoplesmart")(人際關系智能)Intrapersonalintelligence("selfsmart")(自我認識智能)Naturalistintelligence(“naturesmart”)(自然觀察者智能)27LanguageLearningActivitiesListening

Listenandrepeat聽聽讀讀Listenandguess聽聽猜猜Listenandact(match/find/draw,etc)聽聽做做SpeakingDrawandaskquestions畫圖提問Whisperasentence輕聲傳話Pairsfinding尋找對子Speakingchain連環說話Storytelling講故事Guessinggames猜謎游戲Interview/survey采訪調查28Reading‘Phonics(a:)認讀方法Readandcolour閱讀圖色Readandmatch閱讀配對Readanddraw閱讀畫圖Wordgames單詞游戲Writing

Spellingbee拼詞比賽Enricheddictation多種聽寫Describingthepicture描述圖片Journalwriting記日記PrioritiesforYLEPositiveattitudetowardlearningEnglish

學習英語的積極態度Correctpronunciationandintonation

正確的語音語調BasicskillsofEnglish

最基礎的英語聽說讀寫技能

Topics,structures,wordsaslistedinthesyllabuses

大綱中所列話題、結構和詞匯29Afewmorewords…Weshouldhaveastrongbeliefthat

EverychildwillbecomeasuccessfulL2learner

每個孩子都會是個成功的第二語言學習者Everychildneedsourhandtohold每個孩子都需要我們的扶持30Makesuretotelleverychild:

You+Me=Specialandyourself:

Progress

=

learning+practice+reflection

3132TimeforQuestions33Choosewhattosay:SituationsYoumeetafriend YouwanttoaskyourteachersomethingYouseeyourteacher YourfriendlookssadSomeonegivesyouanicecreamYoulikethefilmverymuch YouhavetogohomeIt’syourfriend’sbirthday YouwanttoplaytenniswithyourfriendYoucan’thearsomethingYourmumwantstotakeyoushoppingQuestionsforStarters(A)1.What’syourname?What’syourfriend’sname?2.Howdoyouspellyourname?3.Howoldareyou?Howoldisthemonkey?4.What’sthis?Whatarethese?5.

Whichisyourruler?6.

What’sinyourschoolbag?7.

Whatcolourisyourbag?8.Whatcolourdoyoulike?Doyoulikepurple?9.Who’sthatboy?10.Haveyougotabike?3411.

Hasthecatgotanyfish?Whathasitgot?12.

Howmanychildrenarethereinthepicture?13.

What’syourfavouritefruit?14.

Whatdoyouwant?Doyouwantaburgeroranicecream?15.

Whosebagisthis?IsitPeter’s?16.

WhereisyourEnglishbook?17.

Whathaveyougotforbreakfast?What’sforlunch?18.

Howdoyougotoschool?Doyougotoschoolbybus?19.

Whatdocatsliketoeat?20.Whatdoyoudoeveryday?35QuestionsforStarters(B)1.

Howareyou?2.Whatanimalsdoyoulike?Doyoulikedogs?3.Whereisthecat?Isitunderthechair?4.What’sSuedoingnow?5.Whataretheboysdoinginthegarden?6.What’sBobplyingwith?7.Whodoyouoftenplaywith?8.CanIhavesomejuice?9.Wheredoyouhavemeals?10.

What’sinyourbedroom?3611.

Whatdoyoudoatschool?12.

WhatdoesSallydoeveryday?13.

What’syourphonenumber?14.

WhatdoesLilylikedoing?15.

Canyoujumplikeakangaroo?16.

What’syourhobby?Doyoulikefishing?17.

Howmanyapplesdoyouwant?18.

WheredoesTomoftenplaybadminton?19.

WhichisMary,thegirlingreenorinred?20.Wheredoyoulive?Wheredoesafishlive?37QuestionsforMovers(A)1.

Whatdayistoday？2.What’stheweatherliketoday?3.Whereareyougoing?4.Whosetoycaristhis?Isityours?5.Doyouoftenplayfootball?6.WhatdoesPeterdoeveryday?7.Areyouhungry?Whatdoyouwanttohave?8.Whichisbigger,

thesunorthemoon?9.Whydoestheearthlookbiggerthanthesun?10.Who’sthetallestinyourclass?3811.

Howmanydaysarethereinaweek？12.

WhatdoyouusuallydoonSunday?13.

WhatdidyoudolastSunday？14.

Wherewereyourfriendsyesterday?15.

Whatdidyourfriendswanttodo?Movers(B)16.Whatareyougoingtodo?17.Who’syourbestfriend?18.Whichfloordoyouliveon?19.ShallIwashmysocks?20.Wouldyoulikesomeapples?3921.Whatdoyoulikedoingbest?22.HowdidJackgotohisgrandfather’shouse?23.Howmuchistheicecream?24.Howoftendoyougotothecinema?25.CanIhelpyou?MayIcomein?26.What’swrongwithyou?What’sthematterwithyou?27.Whatdoyoudoifyouhaveacold?28.Whatmustyoudobeforeyougetonatrain?29.WhatdoesKevin’sfatherdo?30.

Wheredoeshework?Whatdoeshehavetodoonweekdays?4031.Whatdidyouseewhenyoucameintotheroom?32.Howmuchwaterdoyouneed?33.Whatkindoffoodwouldyouliketoeat?34.Whendoesthetrainleave?35.WherecanItakethebus?36.Howoftendoesyourmothergoshopping?37.Whatdoyoupaintthehousewith?38.Howdidhegoupstairs?39.Whatisyourfriendlike?40.

Whyisthegirlhappy?41QuestionsforFlyers1.

Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?2.

What’syourfavouriteseason?Whathappensinsummer?3.

WhendidBobgetupyesterday?4.

HowlongdidittakeBobbytocleantheroom?5.

Whyweren’tyouatschoolyesterday?6.

Whatwillyoudoifitsnowstomorrow?7.

WhatlanguagedopeoplespeakinJapan?8.

HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?9.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheChildren’sPark?10.

Howlonghasyourunclebeenadoctor?4211.

Howfarisitfromyourhometoourschool?12.

Whatdoesyourteacherwantyoutodo?13.

Whatcan/can’tyoudointhelibrary?14.

WhenisChildren’sDay?15.

WhatcanIdoforyou?16.

Whereshallwegoforthepicnic