試題來源于網絡整理，如有侵權請聯系刪除試題來源于網絡整理，如有侵權請聯系刪除試題來源于網絡整理，如有侵權請聯系刪除2023年6月大學英語四級真題試卷（二）及答案作文

1.

Directions:

Suppose

the

student

union

of

your

university

is

organizing

an

online

discussion

on

college

students

doing

community

service.

You

are

to

write

an

essay

on

its

benefits

and

the

service

you

can

provide

to

the

community.

You

will

have

30

minutes

for

the

task.

You

should

write

at

least

120

words

but

no

more

than

180

words.

【正確答案】

On

College

Students

Doing

Community

Service

College

student

volunteers

are

important

resources

for

community

service.

It

is

of

great

significance

to

strengthen

college

students'

participation

in

community

service.

Doing

community

service

is

beneficial

to

both

the

community

and

college

students

themselves.

When

it

comes

to

we

students,

the

process

of

service

helps

us

develop

social

practical

skills,

like

leadership,

communication,

and

collaboration,

which

would

enable

us

to

go

further

in

future

life.

In

terms

of

community,

its

service

level

and

quality

can

be

greatly

improved.

As

a

student

majoring

in

law,

I

would

share

knowledge

about

law

in

an

understandable

way

with

community

members.

Besides,

there

are

many

senior

citizens

who

may

need

help

with

household

chores,

grocery

shopping,

or

just

want

someone

to

talk

to

in

the

community.

By

volunteering

our

time

and

offering

assistance,

we

can

show

them

that

they

are

not

alone

and

bring

joy

to

their

lives.

Overall,

there

are

countless

ways

for

college

students

to

provide

volunteer

service

to

the

community.

Volunteering

not

only

benefits

the

individuals

we

are

helping

but

also

provides

us

with

an

opportunity

to

develop

valuable

skills.

Therefore,

I

call

on

more

of

my

fellow

students

to

commit

ourselves

to

community

service.

詞匯理解

Whether

you're

just

having

a

down

day

or

a

down

period,

taking

a

walk

can

instantly

lift

your

mood,

especially

when

you

go

outdoors.

Not

only

can

walking

make

you

less

depressed,

but

according

to

a

new

study,

depression

sufferers

who

took

a【C1】_________walk

showed

just

as

much

improvement

in

their【C2】_________as

people

taking

medicine.

In

fact,

60

-

70

percent

of

the

participants

in

the

study

could

no

longer

even

be【C3】_________as

depressed.

Bone

density

may

not

be

one

of

the

most

exciting

health

benefits

of

walking,

but

it's

an

important

one.

People

with

stronger

bones

avoid

osteoporosis

(骨質疏松癥)

and

all

the

problems

that【C4】_________with

it,

like

breaks

and

other

disabilities.

And

the

best

way

to

get

strong,

healthy

bones

is

by

doing

weight-bearing

exercises

like

running,

dancing

and

walking,

according

to

a

large

study.

But

as

regards

bones,

it's【C5】_________use

it

or

lose

it:

To

keep

your

bones

strong

you

have

to

keep

exercising.

The

researchers

found

that

adults

who

walked

regularly

had

better

bone

density

throughout

their

lives

than

their【C6】_________friends.

Taking

a

walk

can

be

great

for【C7】_________your

head

or

blowing

off

some

steam.

It

also

provides

a

great

opportunity

to【C8】_________with

friends

and

family,

far

away

from

electronics

and

other【C9】_________at

home.

Even

better,

you

set

a

powerful

example

because

when

they

see

you【C10】_________the

benefits

of

walking,

they'll

be

encouraged

to

walk

more,

too.

A)

accompany

I)

distractions

B)

approved

J)

exclusively

C)

bond

K)

inactive

D)

classified

L)

occurrences

E)

clearing

M)

reaping

F)

come

N)

symptoms

G)

daily

O)

typical

H)

definitely

【正確答案】

2.【C1】

【正確答案】G

【試題解析】

空格前有動詞took和不定冠詞a，空格后是名詞walk，因此本空應填入形容詞修飾walk。空格所在句的意思是，散步不僅可以緩解你的抑郁，而且根據一項新的研究，________散步的抑郁癥患者的________改善程度和吃藥的人一樣。將備選形容詞分別代入句中，只有G)daily“每日的，每天的”符合句意，故為答案。備選的其他形容詞均不能使句意通順，因此排除。

3.【C2】

【正確答案】N

【試題解析】

空格前有形容詞性物主代詞their，因此本空應填入名詞。空格所在句的意思是，散步不僅可以緩解你的抑郁，而且根據一項新的研究，每天散步的抑郁癥患者的_________改善程度和吃藥的人一樣。備選名詞中，只有N)symptoms“癥狀”符合句意，故為答案。

4.【C3】

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

空格前有動詞be，而且本句的主語60—70

percent

of

the

participants與空格后的as

depressed存在邏輯上的被動關系，因此本空應填入動詞的-ed形式。空格所在句的意思是，事實上，這個研究中有60％到70％的參與者甚至不再被________為抑郁癥患者。由上一句可知，該研究表明，抑郁癥患者每日散步之后病情有所改善，所以他們不再被認為患有抑郁癥，因此本空應填入含有“認為，劃分”意義的動詞-ed形式，由此確定答案為D)classified。備選的其他動詞-ed形式均沒有此含義，因此排除。

5.【C4】

【正確答案】F

【試題解析】

空格所在部分是that引導的定語從句，其先行詞是可數名詞的復數形式problems，在定語從句中作主語，因此本空應填入動詞原形作定語從句的謂語。空格所在句的意思是，骨骼強壯的人可以避免骨質疏松癥和隨之________的所有問題，比如骨折和其他殘疾。根據常識可知，骨折通常是由骨質疏松導致的，因此本空應填入含有“發生，引起”意義的動詞原形。備選動詞中，A)accompany與F)come均有此義，但是A)accompany是及物動詞，其后直接跟名詞作賓語，不能與with連用，由此確定答案為F)come。備選的其他動詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

6.【C5】

【正確答案】H

【試題解析】

空格前有動詞is，后面是兩個并列的動詞詞組，因此本空應填入副詞。空格所在句的意思是，但就骨骼而言，它________是用進廢退：為了保持骨骼強壯，你必須堅持鍛煉。由冒號之后的句子可知，如果不鍛煉，骨骼就無法保持強壯，即冒號前提到的use

it

or

lose

it這種二選一的情況。由此可知，use

it

or

lose

it是一定會發生的，因此本空應填入含有“一定地，確定地”意義的副詞，由此確定答案為H)definitely。備選的其他副詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

7.【C6】

【正確答案】K

【試題解析】

空格前是形容詞性物主代詞their，空格后有名詞friends，因此本空應填入形容詞。空格所在句的意思是，研究人員發現，經常走路的成年人一生的骨密度要比他們________朋友高。本段指出，散步可以提高骨密度，而且要保持骨骼強壯，必須堅持鍛煉。由此可以推斷，經常走路的成年人的骨密度比不常鍛煉的人要高，因此本空應填入含有“不活動的，不鍛煉的”意義的形容詞，由此確定答案為K)inactive。備選的其他形容詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

8.【C7】

【正確答案】E

【試題解析】

空格前有介詞for，空格后是名詞詞組your

head，而且后面有or連接的并列的動詞-ing形式blowing，因此本空應填入動詞的-ing形式。空格所在句的意思是，散步可以很好地________你的頭腦或釋放壓力。由句意可知，散步對改善情緒有好處，可以使大腦清晰，理清思路，因此本空應填入含有“使清晰，清理”意義的動詞-ing形式，由此確定答案為E)clearing。備選的其他動詞-ing形式均沒有此含義，因此排除。

9.【C8】

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

空格所在部分是一個動詞不定式短語，修飾opportunity，空格前是to，空格后是介詞with，因此本空應填入動詞原形。空格所在句指出，它還提供了一個與朋友和家人_________的好機會。備選動詞原形中，A)accompany是及物動詞，其后直接跟名詞作賓語，不能與with連用，故排除；F)come代入句中不符合句意，也可排除；C)bond“(與某人)培養一種特殊的關系”符合句意，故為答案。

10.【C9】

【正確答案】I

【試題解析】

空格前是并列連詞and和可數名詞復數形式electronics，因此本空也應填入名詞復數。空格所在句的意思是，它還提供了一個與朋友和家人建立聯系的好機會，遠離電子產品和家里的其他________。由句意可知，電子產品會妨礙人們與朋友、家人建立聯系，是一種干擾，那么本空應填入含有“干擾，分心”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為I)distractions。備選的其他名詞復數沒有此含義，因此排除。

11.【C10】

【正確答案】M

【試題解析】

空格前是代詞you作賓語，空格后是一個名詞詞組，該詞組與空格所填的詞共同作you的賓語補足語，因此本空應填入動詞。空格所在句的意思是，更好的是，你樹立了一個強有力的榜樣，因為當他們看到你從散步中________益處時，他們也會受到鼓勵，愿意多走路。根據句意可知，通過走路可以獲得好處，因此本空應填入含有“獲得”意義的動詞，由此確定答案為M)reaping。備選的其他動詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

長篇閱讀

A

Club

Where

Lions

Dance

and

Traditions

Take

Root

A)

The

first

thing

you

notice

in

the

staircase

to

the

fourth-floor

studio

on

Canal

Street

in

Manhattan,

New

York,

is

the

measured

thumping

(嘭嘭聲)

coming

from

behind

a

metal

door.

Just

beyond

the

entrance,

large

lion

masks

were

twisting

and

turning

to

the

drum-beat.

On

a

recent

Friday

evening,

the

teenagers

made

their

way

across

the

studio

floor

as

they

practiced

Chinese

lion

dancing.

B)

"You

want

to

play

in

a

circle,"

Victor

Fong,

aged

24,

told

his

students

at

the

New

York

Chinese

Freemasons

Athletic

Club.

"Take

it

slow

and

do

it

again."

The

dance

group,

made

up

of

60

members,

performs

throughout

the

year

but

was

now

preparing

for

its

biggest

events,

Chinese

Lunar

New

Year

celebrations,

which

will

begin

on

Saturday

and

conclude

on

February

15.

Teenagers

comprise

about

half

of

the

group,

many

of

whom

began

lion

dancing

at

the

age

of

14.

About

100

current

and

past

members

of

the

dance

group—which

has

been

performing

since

1956—will

be

among

the

220

groups

marching

through

Chinatown

in

Manhattan

for

the

18th

Lunar

New

Year

Parade

on

February

5.

C)

Mr.

Fong

has

been

involved

in

the

organization

since

he

was

15

and

began

teaching

lion

dancing

three

years

ago.

But

the

club

also

acts

as

a

recreation

center

and

safe

haven

(庇護所)

for

teenagers,

with

video

games

readily

available.

As

many

as

20

students

show

up

after

school.

"The

basic

requirement

for

hanging

out

here

is

you

have

to

learn

how

to

lion

dance,"

Mr.

Fong

said.

While

that

is

not

a

formal

requirement

for

being

a

member,

everyone

finds

a

way

to

participate

in

the

Lunar

New

Year

Parade,

whether

it's

by

dancing,

carrying

a

flag

or

beating

a

drum.

D)

Alvin

Chau,

aged

26,

is

an

environmental

consultant

by

day

and

a

lion

dancer

on

weekends.

He

has

been

a

club

member

for

10

years

and

joined

because

of

an

interest

in

lion

dance.

"We're

a

big

family,"

he

said,

shaking

hands

with

other

members

as

they

walked

through

the

door.

"You

know

everyone."

E)

It

is

believed

that

the

lion

dance

began

in

the

third

century.

Stories

vary

about

how

lion

dancing

came

to

be,

but

most

of

them

include

a

monster

named

Man

who

would

terrorize

a

village.

The

villagers

finally

banded

together

and

scared

the

beast

away

with

firecrackers

(爆竹)

and

drums.

While

lions

are

not

native

to

China,

some

versions

of

the

story

include

the

villagers

creating

a

monster

of

their

own

in

the

shape

of

a

lion

to

fight

off

the

beast.

F)

Today,

the

dancers

travel

across

Chinatown

going

from

business

to

business

to

bring

good

luck

for

the

coming

year.

The

new

year—according

to

the

Chinese

lunar

calendar—will

begin

on

Saturday

and

marks

the

Year

of

the

Rooster

(雞年)

，which

is

thought

to

be

a

symbol

of

positivity.

"It's

almost

like

the

dark

night

is

ending

and

the

sun

is

coming

up,"

said

Ya

Yung

Teng,

the

digital

collections

coordinator

for

the

Museum

of

Chinese

in

America.

"It's

hopeful

that

we're

going

to

have

a

new

day."

Roosters

and

chickens

are

not

particularly

strong

creatures,

Ms.

Teng

said,

but

they

are

numerous.

"In

a

way,"

she

said,

the

rooster

"stands

for

'We

the

People.'"

G)

The

lion

head

and

tail

are

operated

by

two

people.

As

one

person

controls

the

head,

a

second

follows

under

a

train

of

fabric

representing

the

body.

The

dancers

move

in

harmony

as

they

imitate

the

animal's

natural

movements

in

the

wild,

including

the

aggressiveness

of

an

attack.

A

lion

head

figure

weighs

under

10

pounds

and

sits

squarely

on

the

dancer's

shoulders.

Inside,

the

dancer

manipulates

strings

that

open

and

close

the

lion's

eyes,

shake

its

ears

and

open

its

mouth

to

reveal

a

fire-orange

tongue.

H)

"A

good

lion

dancer

will

imitate

a

living

creature,"

said

Karlin

Chan,

aged

59,

who

heads

the

athletic

club's

community

public

relations.

"I

started

lion

dancing

when

I

was

a

kid,"

he

said.

"Chinatown

was

much

smaller

then

and

it

was

a

celebration

with

fireworks

and

firecrackers,

which

added

a

lot

of

flavor

and

meaning

to

it."

I)

Mr.

Chan

buys

a

new

lion

head

each

year

when

he

travels

to

China.

A

head

costs

about

$

1,500.

"If

you

want

the

good

stuff,

the

quality,

you

have

to

see

it

for

yourself,"

he

said.

"I'll

inspect

the

product

before

we

put

it

in

the

container

and

ship

it

over."

Mr.

Chan,

who

has

been

involved

with

the

club

for

nearly

50

years,

said

that

passing

the

dance

from

one

generation

to

the

next

was

vital.

"You

need

to

pass

on

the

traditions

and

the

culture,

and

this

is

a

part

of

our

culture,"

he

said.

"It's

a

great

way

to

promote

cultural

understanding

and

exchange;

we

welcome

that."

J)

For

Sara

Pore,

aged

17,

another

club

member,

lion

dance

is

more

than

just

tradition;

it

provides

a

creative

outlet.

"Lion

dancing

started

2,000

years

ago—that's

incredible,"

she

said.

"But

what

makes

you

a

competent

lion

dancer

is

that

there's

a

sense

of

imagination

involved.

Lion

dancing

teaches

competence

in

leadership

because

of

this.

You're

constantly

forced

to

push

yourself

past

your

limit."

K)

Back

at

rehearsal

(排練)

,

Justin

Le,

aged

18,

tied

a

red

ribbon

around

his

waist

to

practice

jumping.

The

dancers

use

the

ribbons

to

pull

themselves

up

over

their

partners'

heads.

The

room's

ceilings

are

too

low

to

wear

the

lion

heads

for

jumping

practice,

so

once

up

on

his

partner's

head,

Mr.

Le

held

out

his

arms

as

if

in

offering.

L)

Mr.

Le

comes

by

the

dance

as

a

legacy

(傳承).

"I

was

born

into

it,

"

Mr.

Le

said,

noting

that

his

uncle

and

father

were

club

members.

"Growing

up,

I

would

always

watch

my

family

and

see

the

lion

dance,

and

I

slowly

grew

interested

in

it."

By

the

age

of

14,

he

was

fully

enrolled

in

the

athletic

club's

lion

dance

group.

"I

value

my

culture

and

tradition,

being

Chinese

or

Asian-American.

I

have

a

lot

of

pride

in

that,"

he

said.

"I

want

to

contribute

and

give

back

to

the

community."

【正確答案】

12.The

lion

dancers

perform

from

door

to

door

to

bring

New

Year

wishes

to

business

people.

【正確答案】F

【試題解析】

同義轉述題。定位句提到，舞獅者穿越唐人街，從一家店到另一家店，為來年帶來好運。題干中的from

door

to

door

to

bring

New

Year

wishes

to

business

people對應定位句中的from

business

to

business

to

bring

good

luck

for

the

coming

year，故答案為F)。

13.The

New

York

dance

club

also

serves

as

a

place

for

entertainment

where

youngsters

can

enjoy

themselves

safely.

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

細節歸納題。定位句提到，對青少年來說，俱樂部同時也是一個娛樂中心和安全庇護所，在這里隨處可見電子游戲。題干中的serves

as

a

place

for

entertainment對應定位句中的acts

as

are

creation

center，題干中的youngsters

can

enjoy

themselves

safely是對定位句中safe

haven

for

teenagers和with

video

games

readily

available的概括歸納，故答案為C)。

14.Lion

dancers

need

to

have

a

little

imagination

to

perform

well.

【正確答案】J

【試題解析】

同義轉述題。定位句提到，要成為一名合格的舞獅者，需要有一種想象力。題干中的have

a

little

imagination和perform

well分別對應定位句中的there’s

a

sense

of

imagination

involved和makes

you

a

competent

lion

dancer，故答案為J)。

15.There

are

a

number

of

different

versions

about

the

origin

of

the

lion

dance.

【正確答案】E

【試題解析】

同義轉述題。定位句提到，關于舞獅的起源有各種各樣的故事，但大多數故事都與一個叫“年”的怪物有關。題干中的a

number

of

different

versions

about

the

origin

of

the

lion

dance是對定位句中Stories

vary

about

how

lion

dancing

came

to

be的同義轉述，故答案為E)。

16.Some

50%

of

the

members

of

a

New

York

lion

dance

club

are

teenagers.

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

同義轉述題。定位句提到，青少年約占舞獅團的一半，其中很多人從14歲開始舞獅。題干中的Some

50％

of

the

members對應定位句中的comprise

about

half

of

the

group，故答案為B)。

17.One

club

member

says

he

feels

proud

of

his

cultural

tradition.

【正確答案】L

【試題解析】

細節歸納題。定位句提到，作為中國人或亞裔美國人，樂先生珍視自己的文化和傳統，并為此感到非常自豪。題干中的One

club

member指的是樂先生，題干中的feels

proud

of

his

cultural

tradition是對定位句中value

my

culture

and

tradition和have

a

lot

of

pride的概括歸納，故答案為L)。

18.Two

dancers

coordinate

their

movements,

one

manipulating

the

lion's

head

and

the

other

its

body.

【正確答案】G

【試題解析】

細節歸納題。定位句提到，獅子的頭和尾巴由兩個人操作。當一個人控制獅頭時，第二個人在代表獅子身體的織物下面跟著。題干中的Two

dancers對應定位句中的two

people，題干中的one

manipulating

the

lion’s

head

and

the

other

its

body是對定位句中one

person

controls

the

head，a

second

follows

under

a

train

of

fabric

representing

the

body的概括歸納，故答案為G)。

19.One

lion

dancer

compares

their

New

York

dance

club

to

a

family.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

同義轉述題。定位句提到，阿爾文.周認為他們是一個大家庭，并在進門時與其他成員握手。題干中的One

lion

dancer指的是阿爾文.周，題干中的compares

their

New

York

dance

club

to

a

family對應定位句中的We’re

a

big

family，故答案為D)。

20.Lion

dance

should

be

handed

down

to

future

generations

as

part

of

Chinese

culture.

【正確答案】I

【試題解析】

細節歸納題。定位句提到，陳先生認為舞獅代代相傳至關重要，我們需要傳承傳統和文化，這是我們文化的一部分。題干中的Lion

dance

should

be

handed

down

to

future

generations對應定位句中的passing

the

dance

from

one

generation

to

the

next，題干中的as

part

of

Chinese

culture對應定位句中的a

part

of

our

culture，故答案為I)。

21.One

lion

dancer

learned

how

to

perform

from

his

elders.

【正確答案】L

【試題解析】

細節歸納題。定位句提到，樂先生出生于一個舞獅家庭，他的叔叔和父親都是舞獅俱樂部成員，他在成長過程中，總是看著家人舞獅，慢慢地對它產生了興趣。題干中的One

lion

dancer指的是樂先生，題干中的learned

how

to

perform

from

his

elders是對定位句中watch

my

family

and

see

the

lion

dance，and

I

slowly

grew

interested

in

it的概括歸納，故答案為L)。

仔細閱讀

Team-building

exercises

have

become

popular

for

managers

trying

to

increase

organisational

and

team

harmony

and

productivity.

Unfortunately

many

employees

resent

compulsory

bonding

and

often

regard

these

exercises

as

a

nuisance.

A

paper

published

this

week

by

University

of

Sydney

researchers

in

Social

Networks

has

reported

participants'

feelings

about

team-building

interventions

(干預),

revealing

ethical

implications

in

forcing

employees

to

take

part.

"Many

people

see

team-building

activities

as

a

waste

of

time,

so

we

decided

to

look

in

more

depth

at

what's

behind

this,"

said

the

paper's

lead

researcher,

Dr

Peter

Matous.

"Teams

are

formed,

combined

and

restructured.

Staff

are

relocated

and

office

spaces

redesigned.

All

this

is

done

with

the

aim

of

improving

workplace

efficiency,

collaboration

and

cohesion.

But

does

any

of

this

work?"

said

Dr

Matous.

The

study

found

that

team-building

exercises

which

focused

on

the

sharing

of

and

intervening

into

personal

attitudes

and

relationships

between

team

members

were

considered

too

heavy-handed

and

intrusive,

although

the

researchers

say

some

degree

of

openness

and

vulnerability

is

often

necessary

to

make

deep,

effective

connections

with

colleagues.

"Some

participants

were

against

team-building

exercises

because

they

were

implicitly

compulsory.

They

didn't

welcome

management's

interest

in

their

lives

beyond

their

direct

work

performance,"

said

Matous.

"Many

people

don't

want

to

be

forced

into

having

fun

or

making

friends,

especially

not

on

top

of

their

busy

jobs.

They

feel

management

is

being

too

nosy

or

trying

to

control

their

lives

too

much.

"

In

this

study

the

researchers

recommended

a

self-disclosure

(表露)

approach

where

participants

were

guided

through

a

series

of

questions

that

allowed

them

to

increasingly

disclose

personal

information

and

values.

The

method

is

well-tested

and

has

been

shown

to

increase

interpersonal

closeness.

However,

to

be

successful

it

must

be

voluntary.

The

researchers

said

there

are

numerous

schools

of

thought

that

propose

differing

psychological

methods

for

strengthening

relationships.

"With

caution,

many

relational

methods

to

improve

teams

and

organisations

can

be

borrowed

from

other

fields.

The

question

is

how

to

apply

them

effectively

to

strengthen

an

entire

collective,

which

is

more

than

just

the

sum

of

individual

relationships,"

said

Dr

Matous.

【正確答案】

22.Why

are

many

employees

opposed

to

team-building

exercises?

（A）They

consider

such

exercises

annoying.

（B）They

deem

these

exercises

counter-productive.

（C）They

see

such

exercises

as

harmful

to

harmony.

（D）They

find

these

exercises

too

demanding.

【正確答案】A

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句指出，不幸的是，許多員工對于這種強制性的感情聯絡感到反感，且經常將其視為令人討厭的事情，故答案為A)。

23.What

did

Dr

Matous

and

his

team

do

to

find

out

whether

team-building

activities

would

improve

productivity?

（A）They

relocated

team

leaders

and

their

offices.

（B）They

rearranged

the

staff

and

office

spaces.

（C）They

redesigned

the

staff's

work

schedules.

（D）They

reintroduced

some

cohesive

activities.

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句提到，形成、結合、重組團隊，重新安置員工以及重新設計辦公室。所有的這些都是為了提高工作效率，提升合作及團隊凝聚力，故答案為B)。

24.What

did

the

study

by

Matous'

team

find

about

some

team-building

exercises?

（A）They

were

intended

to

share

personal

attitudes

and

relationships.

（B）They

implicitly

added

to

the

vulnerability

of

team

members.

（C）They

invariably

strengthened

connections

among

colleagues.

（D）They

were

regarded

as

an

intrusion

into

employees'

private

lives.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位段表明，研究發現，專注于分享和干預團隊成員之間的個人態度和關系的團建活動被認為是拙劣且有侵犯性的，盡管研究人員表明一定程度上的開放性及脆弱性對于和同事發展深入的、有效的關系是有必要的，故答案為D)。

25.How

can

the

self-disclosure

approach

succeed

in

increasing

interpersonal

closeness?

（A）By

allowing

participants

freedom

to

express

themselves.

（B）By

applying

it

to

employees

who

volunteer

to

participate.

（C）By

arranging

in

proper

order

the

questions

participants

face.

（D）By

guiding

employees

through

a

series

of

steps

in

team

building.

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句提到，然而，想要成功，這必須是自愿的，故答案為B)。

26.What

does

Matous

think

of

the

various

psychological

methods

borrowed

from

other

fields

for

strengthening

relationships?

（A）They

must

be

used

in

combination

for

an

entire

collective.

（B）They

prioritise

some

psychological

aspects

over

others.

（C）They

place

too

much

stress

on

individual

relationships.

（D）They

have

to

be

applied

cautiously

to

be

effective.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句指出馬圖斯博士的觀點：在謹慎的情況下，很多相關的優化團隊及組織的方法可以借鑒其他領域，故答案為D)。

There

are

close

to

58,000

homeless

people

in

Los

Angeles

county.

That's

a

shocking

and

tragic

number

for

a

region

that's

home

to

some

of

the

richest

people

in

the

world.

At

last,

the

problem

became

so

acute—

and

so

visible—that

Los

Angeles

took

extraordinary

action.

The

citizens

of

this

county

voted

in

November

2016

and

again

in

March

2017

to

raise

their

own

taxes.

The

purpose

of

such

action

is

to

fund

an

enormous

multibillion-dollar,

10-year

program

of

housing

and

social

services

for

the

homeless.

As

a

result,

Los

Angeles

now

has

its

best

chance

in

decades

to

combat

homelessness.

This

is

an

opportunity

that

surely

all

can

agree

must

not

be

wasted.

It

is

neither

desirable

nor

morally

acceptable

nor

practical

for

this

county

to

tolerate

the

signs

of

deprivation

more

commonly

associated

with

the

slums

(貧

民窟)

of

Rio

de

Janiero.

How

did

we

get

here?

For

as

long

as

there

are

homeless

people,

there

is

a

tendency

to

blame

the

victims

themselves

for

their

condition—to

see

their

failure

to

thrive

as

an

issue

of

character,

of

moral

weakness,

of

laziness.

But

contrary

to

popular

belief,

the

homeless

in

Los

Angeles

are

not

mostly

mentally

ill

or

drug

addicted

or

frightening,

although

a

sizable

minority

meet

some

of

those

descriptions.

Today,

a

greater

and

greater

proportion

of

people

living

on

the

streets

are

there

because

of

bad

luck

or

a

series

of

mistakes,

or

because

the

economy

forgot

them—they

lost

a

job

or

were

evicted

(逐出)

or

fled

an

abusive

marriage

just

as

the

housing

market

was

growing

increasingly

unforgiving.

The

challenges

are

enormous,

even

if

everyone

is

pulling

in

the

same

direction.

That

reality

was

driven

home

this

month

by

a

new

Los

Angeles

Homeless

Services

Authority

report

showing

that

the

county's

homeless

population

is

growing

faster

than

the

supply

of

new

housing.

In

the

world's

richest

nation,

homelessness

on

this

scale

should

be

shameful

and

shocking.

But

most

Los

Angeles

residents

are

no

longer

either

shocked

or

shamed.

Increasingly,

we

are

uncomfortable,

annoyed,

disgusted,

scared

or

unaware.

Compassion

(同情心)

is

being

replaced

by

resignation.

【正確答案】

27.Why

did

the

citizens

of

Los

Angeles

vote

to

raise

their

own

taxes?

（A）To

combat

the

county's

homelessness.

（B）To

reform

the

county's

service

system.

（C）To

fund

the

development

of

local

infrastructure.

（D）To

narrow

the

gap

between

the

rich

and

the

poor.

【正確答案】A

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句指出，此舉的目的是為一項耗資數十億美元、為期10年的項目提供資金，該項目為無家可歸者提供住房和社會服務。由此可知，洛杉磯市民投票提高稅收是為了解決城市中的無家可歸問題，故答案為A)。

28.What

do

people

tend

to

believe

about

the

homeless?

（A）They

seldom

meet

the

descriptions

of

homelessness.

（B）They

are

the

victims

of

fast

economic

development.

（C）They

are

responsible

for

their

own

condition.

（D）They

account

for

the

majority

of

drug

addicts.

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句指出，人們就傾向于把他們的處境歸咎于受害人自己——把他們的失敗歸于性格問題、道德缺失，或是懶惰。由此可知，人們認為無家可歸者需要為自己的處境負責，故答案為C)。

29.What

is

one

of

the

causes

for

more

and

more

people

in

Los

Angeles

to

become

homeless?

（A）They

find

it

increasingly

difficult

to

afford

a

place

to

live.

（B）The

divorce

rate

in

the

county

has

been

on

a

steady

rise.

（C）They

have

been

compelled

to

take

low-paying

jobs.

（D）The

society

fails

to

forgive

them

for

their

mistakes.

【正確答案】A

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句指出，越來越多的人流落街頭是因為他們運氣不佳或是犯過一系列的錯誤，又或者是因為經濟遺忘了他們——他們失去工作，或者被驅逐，又或者從一段不幸的婚姻中逃離，卻又正趕上住房市場越來越無情。最后一句是用擬人的手法說明，房價很高，無家可歸者承擔不起住所的費用，故答案為A)。

30.What

do

we

learn

from

the

new

Los

Angeles

Homeless

Services

Authority

report?

（A）Supplying

enough

job

opportunities

for

the

homeless

remains

a

challenge.

（B）Everyone

is

pulling

in

the

same

direction

to

solve

the

homelessness

problem.

（C）The

increase

in

new

housing

falls

short

of

the

demand

of

the

growing

homeless

population.

（D）Los

Angeles'

homeless

condition

is

deteriorating

faster

than

many

people

predict.

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句指出，洛杉磯無家可歸者服務局本月發布的一份新報告顯示，該縣無家可歸者人口的增長速度超過新住房的提供速度，故答案為C)。

31.How

do

most

Los

Angeles

residents

now

feel

about

homelessness?

（A）They

are

increasingly

ashamed

about

its

scale.

（B）They

find

it

no

more

scaring

than

it

appears.

（C）They

are

less

and

less

indifferent

to

it.

（D）They

no

longer

find

it

shocking.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。定位句提到，在世界上最富有的國家中，這種規模的無家可歸現象是可恥且令人震驚的，但大多數洛杉磯的居民們不再感到震驚或羞恥，故答案為D)。

翻譯-漢譯英

32.

中國政府一直大力推行義務教育(compulsory

education)，以使每個兒童都享有受教育的機會。自1986年《義務教育法》生效以來，經過不懈努力，實現了在全國推行義務教育的目標。如今，在中國，兒童年滿六周歲開始上小學，從小學到初中一共接受九年義務教育。從2008年秋季學期開始，義務教育階段學生無須繳納學費。隨著一系列教育改革舉措的實施，中國義務教育的質量也有顯著提高。

【正確答案】The

Chinese

government

has

been

vigorously

carrying

out

compulsory

education

all

the

time

so

that

every

child

can

have

access

to

education.

Since

the

Compulsory

Education

Law

came

into

effect

in

1986,

the

government

has

worked

diligently

to

achieve

the

goal

of

making

compulsory

education

available

throughout

the

country.

Today,

children

in

China,

starting

school

at

the

age

of

six,

receive

a

total

of

nine

years

of

compulsory

education

from

primary

school

to

junior

high

school.

Since

the

fall

semester

of

2008,

students

during

compulsory

education

don't

have

to

pay

tuition

fees.

With

the

implementation

of

a

series

of

educational

reform

measures,

the

quality

of

China's

compulsory

education

has

also

been

significantly

improved.

短篇新聞

33.

（A）She

was

involved

in

a

conflict

with

bird

lovers.

（B）She

was

charged

with

mistreating

animals.

（C）She

was

on

bad

terms

with

her

neighbors.

（D）She

was

accused

of

violating

a

city

law.

【正確答案】D

【聽力原文】(1)A

woman

was

charged

with

allegedly

violating

a

Rhode

Island

city

law

against

feeding

wild

animals.

The

55-year-old

woman's

neighbors

blame

her

for

making

the

area's

rat

problem

worse.

Newly

installed

cameras

captured

several

rats

active

in

the

middle

of

the

day.

Neighbors

say

that

it's

even

worse

during

the

night.

The

woman

and

her

parents,

who

own

the

home,

told

reporters

that

she's

being

charged

for

feeding

birds.

"Who

would

have

known

just

loving

animals

gets

you

that

much

trouble,"

she

said.

It

is

prohibited

to

feed

any

wild

animals

including

birds

in

Rhode

Island

City.

Nevertheless,

while

the

woman's

intention

was

to

feed

birds,

it

is

clear

that

rats

were

also

benefiting.

(2)Anthony

Moretti,

director

of

the

city

administration,

said

he

saw

more

than

20

rats

near

the

woman's

home.

He

said

it

will

take

months

to

get

the

problem

under

control.

1.

What

do

we

learn

from

the

report

about

the

55-year-old

woman?

2.

What

did

the

director

of

the

city

administration

say

at

the

end

of

the

news

report?

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。新聞開頭指出，一名女士被指控違反了羅德島市禁止喂養野生動物的法律。這名女士55歲了，她的鄰居指責她使該地區的老鼠問題更加嚴重。由此可知，這名55歲的女士被指控違反了城市法律。因此，答案為D)。

34.

（A）Communicate

with

astronauts

in

Mars

Dune

Alpha.

（B）Work

in

an

environment

resembling

Mars.

（C）Build

a

Martian

habitat

in

Houston.

（D）Send

in

applications

before

Friday.

【正確答案】B

【聽力原文】To

prepare

for

eventually

sending

astronauts

to

Mars,

NASA

began

taking

applications

Friday

for

four

people

to

live

for

a

year

in

Mars

Dune

Alpha.

That's

a

1,700-square-foot

Martian

habitat

inside

a

building

in

Houston.

(3)The

paid

volunteers

will

work

in

an

environment

similar

to

Mars.

They

will

have

limited

communications

with

family,

restricted

food

and

resources.

NASA

is

planning

three

experiments

with

the

first

one

starting

in

the

fall

next

year.

(4)

Food

will

all

be

ready-to-eat

space

food.

Some

plants

will

be

grown,

but

not

potatoes

like

in

the

movie

The

Martian.

"We

want

to

understand

how

humans

perform

in

them,"

said

lead

scientists

Grace

Douglas.

"We

are

looking

at

Mars

realistic

situations."

The

application

process

open

Friday

and

they're

not

seeking

just

anybody.

The

requirements

are

strict,

including

a

master's

degree

in

a

science,

engineering

or

math

field

or

pilot

experience.

Only

American

citizens

or

permanent

U.S.

residents

are

acceptable.

Applicants

must

be

between

30

and

55

and

in

good

physical

health.

Attitude

is

key,

said

former

Canadian

astronaut

Chris

Hadfield.

He

said

the

participants

need

to

be

super

competent,

resourceful,

and

not

relying

on

other

people

to

feel

comfortable.

3.

What

does

NASA

require

the

paid

volunteers

to

do?

4.

What

will

the

participants

in

the

project

eat?

【試題解析】

細節辨認題。新聞開頭指出，美國國家航空航天局于周五開始接受申請，挑選四人在火星模擬棲息地阿爾法火星山丘生活一年，這些有償志愿者將在類似火星的環境中工作。因此，答案為B)。

35.

（A）He

apologized

for

scratching

an

athlete's

gold

medal.

（B）He

was

asked

to

present

a

gold

medal

to

Miu

Goto.

（C）He

bit

a

softball

player's

Olympic

gold

medal.

（D）He

attracted

public

attention

at

a

media

event.

【正確答案】C

【聽力原文】(5)A

Japanese

mayor

apologized

Thursday

for

bitin