專題06閱讀理解之議論文（2022·安徽合肥·九年級期末）Videocamerasareeverywhere—schools,theatresandstores.Butinrecentyears,theyhaveenteredourhomes.Manyparentssetupcamerasathometowatchtheirchildren’sonlineclassesandhomework.Arecamerasreallyhelpful?Whatdostudentsthinkofthem?LiDanEarlierlastyear,Ilikedtolieinbedandwatchvideosinsteadofstudying.Thisinfluencedmystudiesandmademygradesworse.Somyparentssetupacameratokeepaneyeonme.Itworked.Withthecamerawatching,Ihadtodomyhomeworkfirstandmakeplansforstudyingathome.WhenIwasaloneathome,thecameramademefeelsafebecauseIknewthatmyparentswerewatchingontheotherside.Mygradesimprovedafterayear.ZhangHuaWhenIwasinGrade8,myparentssetupacamerainmyroom.Ireallydidn’tlikeitbecauseIfeltliketherewerealwayseyeswatchingme.IfeltsounfortablethatIcouldn’tsleepwellatnight.Knowingtherewasacameraaroundwhenmyfriendscametomyhome,theywouldspeakquietlyandcarefully.Iwassad.SoIaskedmyparentstotakethecameraaway.TheyagreedaslongasIpromisedtobehave(表現)well.Ifeelhappyandfreenow.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1referto?A．Videocameras. B．Children. C．Stores. D．Theatres.2．WhydidLiDan’sparentssetupacameraathome?A．Toworkathome. B．Tostudywithher.C．Tomakeherfeelsafe. D．Tokeepaneyeonher.3．WhydoesZhangHuafeelfreeandhappynow?A．Becausehehasmorefriends. B．Becausehisgradesbeebetter.C．Becausehehaslesshomework. D．Becausethecamerawastakenaway.（2022·重慶合川·九年級期末）DoyouknowwhichsocialappispopularwithChineseyoungpeoplenow?“Shortvideos”arecertainlythemostpopular.AlargenumberofyoungpeopleuseTikTokandKuaishou.Theythinkitisfuntosharetheirlivesbyshortvideos,whileothershaveotherpurposesaswellA12-year-oldusernamedElsahasabout2.7millionfansonTikTok.ThegirlhassharedherdancingstudiesonTikToksincelastJuly.Oneofthevideoswonheraboutonemillionfans.“1feelreallygladtosharehappinesswithpeoplebyshortvideos,”saidElsa.Tosomeotheryoungpeople,theyuseshortvideostohaveaquicklookatthehotprograms.“BecauseIdon’tliketospendmanyhourswatchingawholeprogram,Ihatewaitingforaprogramtoend,andIprefertowatchshortvideosofwonderfulpartsofhot.programs,saidWangZhihao.However,someyoungpeoplefeelboredwithshortvideos.“Killingtimeisthemainreasonformetowatchshortvideos,andmanyshortvideosarealmostthesame,soIthinktheyarenotsousefulorinteresting.What’smore,Ireallydon’tlikethevideosaboutstrangeanddangerousthings,”saidWenNan,anothercollegestudent.Recently,somethingelsehasappeared.Somevideosaretellingpeoplewhatmoditiesarewortbuying.Someshortvideosevensellbadmodities,andit’shardforcustomerstogettheirmoneyback.Soweshouldthinktwicebeforewewanttobuythemoditiesbyshortvideos.4．WhydoesElsasharehershortvideos?A．Tosharehappinesswithpeople.B．TomakefriendswithpeoplearoundC．Todependonthemtogetinformation.D．Towatchwonderfulpartsinprograms.5．HowdoesWenNanlikeshortvideos?A．Usefulandinteresting.B．Notexcitingormoving.C．Notusefulorinteresting.D．Excitingandmoving.6．Theunderlinedword“modities”inthelastparagraphmeansA．products B．projects C．planets D．programs7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofshortvideos.B．Differenttypesofshortvideos.C．Thedisadvantagesofshortvideos.D．Differentopinionsonshortvideos.（2021·北京順義·九年級期末）Passengerships,tradeships,andfishingboatsareanormalpartoflifeontheopensea.However,alltheiractivitycreatesagreatdealofnoiseunderwater.ScientistsfromtheUnitedStatesandCanadarecentlyreportedtheirobservations(觀察)thattheoceanisgettingnoisier.ScientistsattheUniversityofVictoriahavestudiedtherecordingsrecordedwithequipmentplacedunderwaternearthebusyshippinglanesoffVancouverIslandinCanada.Theysayengine(發動機)noiseiscontinuousduringtheday,andalittlelessstrongatnight.Scientistssayitislikelythatwhalesmustcalloutmoreloudlytobeheardoverthisnoise.Thenoisecouldmakeitmoredifficultfororcawhalestofindfood.Theorcasfindfishbyproducingclickingsoundsandothernoises.Loudenginenoisecouldbeinterferingwiththeirefforts.MichaelJasnyisapolicyexpertfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.Hesaystheriseofunderwaternoiseislimitingtheabilityofwhalestomunicate.Shippingnoisefallsacrossthesamefrequencies(頻率)thattheseanimalsuseforalltheirvital(重大的，緊要的)behaviors—forfeeding,forfindingmates,foravoidingpredators(捕食者)andforgoingahead.”Mr.Jasnysayssoundtravelsveryeffectivelyunderwater.Anditisnotjustwhalesheisworriedabout.“Thewholeweboflifeintheoceansdependsonsound.Andasmoreandmoreresearchhasbeendone,it’sbeenveryclearthatwhatwehaveonourhandsisreallyamajorproblem.It’saseriousproblem.It’saglobalproblem.Fortunately,inshippingwehaveaproblemthathasasolution.”Oneansweristodesignquieterships.America’sNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,orNOAA,hasfournewshipsthataremadetobequieter.MichaelBahtiarianworksforNoiseControlEngineering,thepanywhichhelpeddesigntheboats.Mr.Bahtiariansaysthemainsourceofnoisepollutionisthepropeller(螺旋槳).Bettershapedpropellersandshipdesignscanhelptoreducenoise.NOAA’sshipsalsohavecostlyengines,whichproducelessnoise.Mr.Bahtiariansaysthetechnologytomakequietershipsdoesexistandhasbeenusedinthearmyforsometime.8．Theunderlinedphrase“interferingwith”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A．controlling B．troubling C．encouraging D．stopping9．Wecantellthatwhalesdependonsoundfor________.A．municatingwiththeirmates B．stoppingpredatorsfromfishingC．fightingagainsttheshippingnoise D．tellingthenighttimefromtheday10．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A．expensiveenginesproducelessnoiseintheoceanB．manyanimalsintheoceandependonsoundforlivingC．peopleshouldstopmakingbigshipsinordertosavewhalesD．itisdifficulttofindawaytostopnoisepollutionintheocean11．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheOceanisGettingNoisier. B．WhalesandShipsintheOcean.C．WhalesareFacingaSeriousProblem. D．QuietShipsareNeededintheOcean.（2022·陜西西安·九年級期末）Inourlife,wecareaboutourheightverymuch.Doyouknowaboutanyfamouspeoplewhoareshort?Whatdoyouthinkaboutbeingshortversus(對比)beingtall?Akidoncewrotetomeandsaidhewassadaboutbeingshort.Hesaidhisclassmatesoftenpickedonhim.IknowhowhefeelsbecauseI’mjust165cmtallmyself.Growingup,Iwasalwaystheshortest.However,youcan’tchangeyourheight.Sowhatcanyoudoaboutit?Tyrion,whoisashortperson,isacharacterinmyfavoritebook,GameofThrones.Heoncesaid,“Neverforgetwhatyouare…theworldwillnot.Trytomakeityouradvantage.Thenitcanneverbeyourweakness.”Onewaytomakeyourweaknessintoadvantageistomakejokes.Makejokesaboutyourselfbeforeotherscan.Inthatway,theycanneverhurtyou.Youcanalsotrytobepositive(樂觀的)andlookatthingsinadifferentway.Imighthavemessy(凌亂的)hair,butmyfriendwithnohairmightwishhehadit!12．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pickon”mean?A．Behelpfultosomeone. B．Beunkindtosomeone.C．Helpsomeonepickthingsup. D．Putsomeone’sthingsinabag.13．ThewriterusedTyrion’swordsto________.A．showushowTyrionenjoyshislife B．introduceabookaboutbeingshortC．tellusmoreaboutshortmen D．tellushowtodealwithourweaknesses14．Whydoesthewritersuggestmakingjokesaboutourselvesfirst?A．Becauseotherscanneverhurtusinthisway.B．Becauseotherswilllaughatusinthisway.C．Becauseotherswillletusdowninthisway.D．Becauseotherswillmakefriendswithusinthisway.15．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howtomakejokesaboutyourself B．HowtoturnaweaknessintoanadvantageC．Howtochangepeople’sideasaboutyou D．Howtobeepositive（2022·北京海淀·九年級期末）Imagineyouareorderingforyourroommates.YourememberLauraprefersbananaicecreamtochocolate.Itcouldbeafactforitwasprovedbyobservingherbehavior.However,theicecreampreferencecouldbeanopinionthatshowsherpersonalchoice.Whileit’snicetothinktheworldisclearlydividedintomattersoffactandmattersofopinion,it’snotalwaysthecase.Whatwethinkarefacts—thosethingswethinkaretrue—canendupbeingwrong.Callingsomethingafactisnotapromiseofinfallibility(無誤).Thefamouswriter,AsimovexpressedthisinhisarticleTheRelativityofWrong.Forhim,thepersonwhothinkstheEarthisflatiswrong,andsoisthepersonwhothinkstheEarthisasphere.Afactisusuallyusedtorepresentthebestknowledgewehaveatacertaintime.Thenagain,callingsomethinganopiniondoesn'tmeananescapetothefairylandofwishfulthinking.Ifwethinkofanopinionasoneperson’sviewonasubject,thenmanyopinionscanbesolid.Forexample,it’smyopinionthatscienceprovidesuswithapowerfultooltohelpunderstandourplaceintheuniverse.It’snotafactthatsciencedoesso,butitworksforme.Butwecanbemuchclearerinourmeaningifwedividethingsintomattersoffactandmattersofopinion.Mattersoffactarelimitedtoempiricalstatements(實證表達),suchaswhattheboilingpointofwateris.Mattersofopinionarenon-empiricalstatements,whichincludequestionsofvalueandofpersonalpreferencesuchaswhetherit'sbettertoeatmorevegetablesthanmeat.Mattersofopinioncanbeinformedbymattersoffact(forexample,findingoutthatvegetablesarerichinvitaminscanchangemyfoodpreference),butfinallytheyarenotansweredbymattersoffact(whydoesitmattertomethatvegetablesarerichinvitamins?)Opinionsarenotjustpaleshadows(影子)offacts.Theyarejudgementsandconclusions.Theycanbetheresultofcarefulconsiderationinareasforwhichempiricalresearchisnotenoughorill-suited.Factsandopinionsshouldn’tbeputinoppositiontoeachother,astheycanbothplayanecessaryroleinourdecision-making.Butthat’sjustmyopinion,notafact.16．ThewritermentionsAsimov’sarticleinParagraph2toshow________.A．differentopinionsresultinheatedargumentsB．repeatingfactscanmakeothersagreewithusC．whatwetakeasfactsmayturnouttobewrongD．itisdifficulttopredicthowfactschangeovertime17．Theword“informed”inParagraph5probablymeans“________”.A．influenced B．questioned C．replaced D．proved18．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A．opinionsaremoreimportantthanfactsB．factsandopinionsarenotagainsteachotherC．opinionscanbetheresultsofwishfulthinkingD．factsplayanimportantroleinscientificresearch（2022·北京密云·九年級期末）Mydearboysandgirls,goodmorning.TodayI’mgoingtotalktoyouaboutmyunderstandingoflearninghistory.Manyofyoumaythinkitisaterriblethingtostudyhistory.Youmayoftenwonderwhywestudentsshouldstudysomethingthathasnothingtodowithourownlives.Ifyouthinkthatway,Ishouldsayyouarefarfromthetruth.Infact,ifwestudyhistory,wecanlearnquitealotaboutpersonalstoriesandeventsofpeoplejustlikeus.Thepeoplewhocamebeforeushelpedbuildanddevelopthecountrywearelivingin.Theirideasoftensolvedmanyofourproblemsandtroubles.Studyingthepasthelpsustounderstandwhatourancestors’(祖先)liveswerelike.Anditalsohelpsustoseehowtheirexperienceshaveshapedourownlife.Tobehonest,▲.Someofwhatwestudyinhistoryhelpsusunderstandthemistakesofthepast.Andthesemistakeswillhelppeoplenottodothesamewrongthings.Peopleoftenlearnfromthepasttohaveabetterfuture.Whetherwelikethesubjectofhistoryornot,wemustunderstandtheimportanceoftheeventsandthepeoplewhocamebeforeus.Ourancestors’decisionshaveinfluencedourownlife.Similarly,thedecisionsofourowngenerationwillfinallyinfluencethosewhoeafterus.Inthisonlyway,theworldistrulyconnected.Historyisnotjustastudyofthepast.Historyisthestudyofpeople,places,andeventsthatcaninfluencethefuture.Nowdoyoustillthinkstudyinghistoryisasadthing?Ordoyouhaveanydoubtaboutlearninghistory?Ifyouhaveanyquestions,justfeelfreetoask.19．Ifwestudyhistory,wecanlearnthat________.A．historyhasnothingtodowithourownlivesB．ourancestorshelpedbuildanddevelopourcountryC．ourancestors’ideassolvedallourproblemsandtroublesD．ourancestors’experiencescan’tshapeourownlife20．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲inParagraph4?A．themistakesofthepastwon’thelpus B．Idon’tliketheideaoflearninghistoryC．itisnoteasytolearnthesubjectofhistory D．noteverythingthathappenedinthepastisgood21．Thewriterwrotethepassageto________.A．introducesomeimportantpeopleinhistoryB．developstudents’interestinlearninghistoryC．explaindifferentpeople’sunderstandingofhistoryD．showtherelationshipbetweenthepastandthefuture（2021·山東·臨清市教育和體育局教科研中心九年級期末）Isn’tfastfooddelicious?Aren’tfastfoodrestaurantscool?...Theanswertothesequestionsisyes.However,therearegrowingfactsthatfastfoodisoneoftheworstpartsofmodernlife.Andstudieshaveshownthatburgersandfriedchicken,whichweenjoysomuch,cancausealotofhealthproblems.Inspiteof(盡管)this,whyarefastfoodrestaurantssoattractive(吸引人的)?Thefirstandmostimportantreasonisthattheirserviceisfast.Theirstaff(員工)arefriendlyandverysmart-lookingintheircleanandbrightuniforms(制服).Moreover,mostfastfoodrestaurantsarenearplacesthatpeoplealwayspassby.Itissoeasytogrababurgerandeatonthewaytowork.Fastfoodisoftensoconvenientlypacked(包裝方便)thatitwillnotcauseamessevenifyoustandandeatit.Fastfoodrestaurantsarealsoveryclean.Alotofcleverads(廣告)havemadethemthecoolestplacesintown,butnoneofthemhasevertoldandwillnevertellyouthattoomuchfastfoodisnotgoodforyourhealth.Suchattractiveplacesaresellingjunkfood!Isn’titapity?Isthereawaytochangethefastfoodrestaurantsintospecialplaceswhereyougetthebestpossible,healthyandfreshfood?Well,whynot?Aspeoplerealizethehealthproblemsthatfastfoodcauses,itisquitelikelythatfastfoodrestaurantsmaygooutofdate.Itmayhappensoonerorlater.Therefore,insteadofresisting(抵制)fastfoodrestaurants,abetterideamaybetopersuade(說服)themtochangetheirmenu!Fastfoodrestaurantscanbeplacestogotowhenyouwanttoeatsomethingthatwillbegoodforyourbody.Iftheycouldbine(結合)healthyfoodwiththeirspeedofservice,delicioustastesandfortablefeelings,thatwillbethenextbestthingontheearthforthehumanbeings!22．Whatdoes“this”inParagraph2referto?A．Fastfoodisdelicious. B．Peopleenjoyfastfood.C．Fastfoodrestaurantsarecool. D．Fastfoodcancausehealthproblems.23．FastfoodhasmanyadvantagesEXCEPTthatit’s________.A．fast B．fortable C．delicious D．healthy24．Whichwordcanreplacetheword“grab”inParagraph3?A．getquickly B．movesuddenly C．throwquickly D．carrycarefully25．Accordingtothepassage,adsaboutfastfood________.A．showyouallthefacts B．don’ttellyouthewholetruthC．makeithardtobuyfastfood D．makefastfoodrestaurantsoutofdate26．Thewriteradvises________.A．changingtastesoffastfood B．resistingfastfoodrestaurantsC．makingfastfoodgoodforhealth D．makingtheserviceoffastfoodfaster（2022·山東濟寧·九年級期末）Manyofyouhaveprobablyhadthisexperience:Yougetonatrainandarereadytotakeanaporreadabook,onlytofindthatthepassengerinfrontofyouiswatchingaTVshowonhistabletwithoutheadphones.Thechildnexttoyouwon’tstopcrying.Andtheoldladybehindyoutalksonherphoneduringthewholetrip.Wishthetraincouldbelessnoisy?Theremightbeasolutionforyou.TheBeijing-Shanghaihigh-speedrailway,oneofChina’sbusiesthigh-speedraillines,havehad“quiet”carriagesstartingsinceDec23,2020.Inquietcarriages,onboardvideosaremuted(靜音)andannouncementsaremadeatalowervolume(音量).Doorsattheendsofthecarriagearekeptclosedtoreducenoisefromothercarriages.Trainattendants(乘務員)areresponsibleformakingsurethatpassengersremainquietandfollowtherules.Passengerswhoarewillingtoobeytherulescanchoosethequietcarriageswhenbookingtheirtickets,accordingtoChina’snationalrailwayoperator.Somepeoplehavepointedoutthatthiskindofquietenvironmentshouldbeofferedinallcarriages.Theysaythathavingquietcarriagesmightgivepeopletheimpressionthattheydon’tneedtobequietinnon-quietcarriages.Quietcarriagesmightbemoreenjoyable.Whilesomeinternetusersareinfavorofthenewservice,ithasalsosparkeddiscussionaboutjusthowquiettravelersshouldbeinquietcarriages.Manypeoplehaveraisedquestionssuchas“WhatifIsnore(打呼嚕)?”and“Canwetalktoourtravelpanionsifweneedto?”27．Para.1iswrittentoshowthat_________.A．peopledoallkindsofthingsontrains B．peoplewatchTVshowsontrainsC．travelingbytrainisverymon D．peopleontrainsareneververynoisy28．Para.2mainlytellsthattokeepthetrain_________.A．muchbusierisinShanghai B．lessnoisyispossibleinChinaC．quietstaredbeforeDec23,2020 D．fastesthasachievedinBeijing29．FromPara.3,howdoquietcarriageswork?A．Thedoorsofthesecarriagesstayclosed.B．Noonemakessurepassengersfollowtherules.C．Passengersaren’tallowedtowatchvideos.D．Trainattendantsdon’tmakeanyannouncements.30．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“infavorof”underlinedinthelastpara?A．inneedof B．inplaceofC．insearchof D．insupportof31．Whatdoweknowaboutquietcarriagesfromthelastparagraph?A．Therulesshouldbemademuchclearer. B．Mostpeopledon’tliketheserviceatall.C．Theserviceisbetterforsolo(單)travelers. D．It’shardtomaketrainsperfectlyquiet.（2022·重慶南岸·九年級期末）InFrance,Italyandsomewesterncountries,cheek(臉頰)kissingisawayofgreetingothers.ButbecauseoftheCOVID-19,thiscustomisaquestiononpeople’smindsnow.Moreandmorepeopledislikecheekkissinginmodemsociety.InasurveyinMarch,2021,halfofthepeoplewhowereinterviewedsaidtheywouldstopusingcheekkissinginthefuture.And78%wouldnolongeruseitwithstrangers.Men,however,onlykissedothermeniftheywereclosefriendsorfamily.Thequestionofwhethercheekkissingisheretostayorgoisnotjustamatterofchangingpersonalgreetingways,buthowanationexpressesitself.InFrance,manypeoplearefindingthemselvesdisliketokisswhentheyseeeachother.Theychoosetobump(碰撞)armstogreeteachother.Italianschoosetogreetfriendswithchest-to-chestcontact(胸與胸的接觸)butwithheadsturningawayfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatclosebodycontactcanbringpeopletogether.It’simportanttonotethatcheekkissinghasn’tbeenaroundforever.Infact,thiskindofsocialcustomhasbeenshutdownbeforebecauseofdiseases.Forexample,atthetimethattheBlackDeathbrokeoutinEuropeinthe14thcentury,peoplestoppedkissingeachotherasawayofgreeting.Itwasn’tuntilaboutacenturyagothatcheekkissingwasbroughtback.So,ischeekkissingonitswaytobeingarelic(歷史遺跡)again?32．Weknowmoreandmorepeopledislikecheekkissinginmodemsocietythrougha_______.A．custom B．stranger C．survey D．question33．Peopleusecheekkissingasawayofgreetingothersbecause________.A．theyloveeachother B．theirnationsorderthemtodosoC．it’sbetterthantalking D．itcanbringpeopletogether34．Theunderlinedphrase“shutdown”inParagraph4maymean“__________”.A．中斷 B．倒閉 C．消失 D．關閉35．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A．meninFranceonlykisstheirfriends’andfamily’scheeksB．peoplearechoosingotherbodycontactstogreeteachotherC．cheekkissingwilldisappearinthefutureforeverD．cheekkissingwillebacktopeople’slifesomeday（2022·江蘇江蘇·九年級期末）Howdoyoutreatyourbooks?Doyouuseabookmarktoavoidfolding(折疊)apageandkeepyourbookstidilyonashelf?Orperhapsyoupaylessattentiontotheircondition—you’rehappytotakenotesdownthemargins(頁邊空白)ofapage.What’syouridea—doyouthinktheyshouldalwaysbekeptingoodcondition?Yes.Booksdeserveourrespect.Itisimportanttocareforyourbooks.Thisisespeciallytrueifthebookcostsalotofmoneyorisgiventoyouasapresent.Italsowon’tlastlongiftheyaredamaged(破壞).Ifabookisfullofripped(撕破的)pages,itislesspossiblethatafriendwillwanttopickitupandread.Ifyoudonateittoacharityshop,itislesspossiblethatsomeonewillbuyit.Overtime,treatingbooksbadlycouldbeeabadhabit.NO.Itdoesn’tmatterifyoujustread.Oneofthegreatthingsaboutanactualbookisthatreaderscanmakeittheirownwithnotes.Ifit’sagift,youcanwriteanicemessage.Itcanmakeabookfeelpersonalandspecialtoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterifthismeansthatabookisn'tinperfectcondition—youcanalwaysbuyanewcopyiftheoldonegetstoodamaged.Intheend,writersjustwantpeopletoreadtheirstories:theydon’tmindhoworwherepeopledoit.Whatisthepassageabout?Thediscussionabouthowtotreatourbookswithbookmarks. B．Thediscussionaboutwhetherweshouldkeepbookswell.C．Thereasonsforreadingmorebooksindailylife. D．Thereasonsfortreatingbooksinafriendlyway.37．Whatdoestheunderlined(劃線的)sentencemean?A．Booksareworthourrespect. B．Bookshelpuswinrespect.C．Booksteachustoshowrespect. D．Bookscatchpeople'sattention.38．Accordingtothepassage,someonemaynotwanttopickthebooktoreadif________.A．itcostsalotofmoney B．itisapresentC．itisfullofrippedpages D．itisfromacharityshop39．Somepeoplethinkkeepingbooksingoodconditionisunimportantprobablybecause________.A．theylikeuntidybooksbetterthanthoseingoodcondition B．theywouldratherbuynewcopiesthanreadoldonesC．theythinkbookswithmessagesmaymakepeoplelessinterested D．theycaremoreaboutwriters’storiesthanhowbooksarekept（2022·北京東城·九年級期末）Ifyou’reworkingtobeebetterorhopingtomakeachange,you’llprobablyhearyourfamilyandfriendssay“gobigorgohome”.Butsometimesbiggoalscanshootyouinthefoot.So,isitgoodtosethighexpectations?Havinghighexpectationscouldbebeneficial.Itcanmotivate(激勵)youandincreaseyourproductivity.Whenyouhavehighexpectationsforsomething,you’llprobablybehaveinwayswhichcanhelpmakeyourexpectationsetrue.Forexample,ifyoubelievethatyou’reabletoscoreanAinatest,youwillprobablyspendalotoftimeworkingonit.Andwhenyouhavetopleteawrittentaskbeforethedeadline,havingexpectationsonyourselfcanmotivateyoutokeepongoing.Anotherbenefitofsettinghighexpectationsisthatasyoustartmeetingyourexpectations,you’llbeevenmoremotivatedtosethighergoalsforyourself.Inaddition,havinghighexpectationsonyourselfdoesn’tonlybenefityou.You’relikelytoencourageotherstobemoreproductive!Whilethere’splentyofgoodthatesfromsettinghighexpectations,goingoverboardandbeingunrealisticinexpectationscanbedetrimental.Havinghighexpectationssometimescancausepsychological(心理的)problems,suchasworryandunhappiness.Thefindingsofastudyshowedthatagroupofstudentswhowereexpectedtodoperfectlybytheirparentsexperiencedseriousstressandanxiety(焦慮).Greatexpectationscanalsoleadtogreatdisappointment.Thisisespeciallytruewhenyousetexpectationsonotherpeoplewhoseactionsyoucannotcontrol.Forexample,ifyou’refeelingaloneandyoucallupyourfriends,yousurelyexpectthemtomakeyoufeelbetter.Whenthisfailstohappen,youwillfeeldisappointedanddispleasedwithyourfriends.Toavoidthissituation,youshouldacceptyourfriendsforwhotheyareandsetyourexpectationsaroundreality.Itishardtomanageexpectations,butthemaingoalistofindtheperfectbalanceinsettingamorerealisticandachievableexpectation.Learntoletgoofthings,especiallywhentheydon’tturnoutthewayyouhoped.Mostimportantly,don’tbeafraidtocelebrateyourvictoriesnomatterhowsmalltheyare.40．Ifyouhaveahighexpectationonyourself,youwillprobably_________.A．discourageothers B．workhardtorealizeitC．bemoreconfidentthanbefore D．havehighexpectationsonothers41．Theword“detrimental”inParagraph2probablymeans“_________”.A．harmful B．unusual C．disappointing D．impossible42．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat_________.A．it’swisetoaskyourfriendstohelpyousetexpectationsB．stressisverylikelytohelpyouachieveyourexpectationsC．parentsshouldavoidsettingexpectationsontheirchildrenD．weshouldsetexpectationsonothersaccordingtothereality43．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toofferadviceonhowtorealizeexpectations.B．Toexplainwhypeopleliketosethighexpectations.C．Toleadpeopletotakearightattitudetowardsexpectations.D．Toencouragepeopletosethighexpectationsforthemselves.（2022·浙江衢州·九年級期末）Whathastheabilitytoprovideyouawholenewworld,whereyoucanreadbooks,sendmessagesortalkonline,playgamesorwatchTVanytime?Whatcankillyourtimewhenyouarefree?Theansweristhesmartphone.Itsatisfiesallourwantsandneeds.Wehavesocloserelationshipwithourphones.AreportsaysSingaporeanyoungpeoplespendabout3.4hoursadayontheirphones.Thismaynotseemlikeabignumbertoyou,butwhatcouldyoudointhreehours?Cyclingattheparkwithyourfamily;goingoveryourwork;helpingafriendwithhisworkandsoon.Timewastedislifewasted.Ourphonesnowplayanimportantpartinourlife,butwespendtoomuchtimeonthem.Whenwetrytotakepartinotheractivities,wealwayscan’thelptakingthemout.Thenourgradesatschoolgetworse,andoursocialskillsbeelower.Soonerorlater,theywillkeepusoutoftherealworld.Isitreallygoodforus?No,phoneaddiction（成癮）mustetoafullsto