PAGEPAGE62001年6月大學英語四級(CET-4)真題試卷PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions: Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandfaceaseriousproblem.In1993,theownersofalargehotelandofseveralhousesdiscovered,totheirhorror,thattheirgardenshaddisappearedovernight.Theseahadeatenintothesoftlimestonecliffsonwhichtheyhadbeenbuilt.Whileexpertswerestudyingtheproblem,thehotelandseveralhousesdisappearedaltogether,slidingdownthecliffandintothesea.Erosion(侵蝕)ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhasalwaysbeenaproblembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears.Dozensofhomeshavehadtobeabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfartherinland.Expertshavestudiedtheareasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamapforlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowedupbythehungrysea.AngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,thisisimpossible.Newseawallswouldcosthundredsofmillionsofpoundsandwouldmerelymakethewavesandcurrentsgofurtheralongthecoast,shiftingtheproblemfromoneareatoanother.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,theysay,untilthewavesreachaninlandareaofhardrockwhichwillnotbeeatenaslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuyacheaphousewithanuncertainfuture,applytoahouseagentinoneofthethreatenedareasonthesouthcoastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutitmayturnouttobeaknockdownhome.11. WhatisthecauseoftheproblemthatpeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandface?A)Thedisappearanceofhotels,housesandgardens.B)Theexperts’lackofknowledge.C)Therisingofthesealevel.D)Thewashing-awayoflimestonecliffs.12. TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEngland________.A)willsoonbecomeaproblemforpeoplelivingincentralEnglandB)hasnowbecomeathreattothelocalresidentsC)isquicklychangingthemapofEnglandD)canbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretaken13. Theexperts’studyontheproblemoferosioncan________.A)leadtoitseventualsolutionB)provideaneffectivewaytoslowitdownC)helptopreventitfromworseningD)warnpeoplewhosehomesareindanger14. Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensestoprotectagainsterosionbecause________.A)itistoocostlyandwillendangerneighbouringareasB)thegovernmentistooslowintakingactionC)theywillbeeasilyknockeddownbywavesandcurrentsD)houseagentsalongthecoastdonotsupporttheidea15. Accordingtotheauthor,whenbuyingahousealongthesouthcoastofEngland,peopleshould________.A)beawareofthepotentialdangerinvolvedB)guardagainstbeingcheatedbythehouseagentC)takethequalityofthehouseintoconsiderationD)examinethehousecarefullybeforemakingadecisionPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes(運動員).Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningabutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflaw(缺陷)inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.16. Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis________.A)tomakesportslesscompetitiveB)tomakesportsmorechallengingC)toreducetheirmentalstressD)toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess17. Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat________.A)itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB)itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselvesC)itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesD)itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences18. Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes________.A)withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidenceB)inordertomakethemrememberlife’slessonsC)believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentD)soastoputmorepressureonthem19. Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould________.A)helpchildrentowineverygameB)paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsC)enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsportsD)trainchildrentocopewithstress10. Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.A)topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismB)tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenC)todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragementD)toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutPassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts(干旱)arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld’populationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation(灌溉)waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressions(凹地)andpumpingittonearbycropland.Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowatersue.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.21. Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?A)Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.B)Halfoftheworld’swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.C)Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.D)Onlyhalfoftheworld’swatercanbeused.22. Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem________.A)hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefieldB)isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevelsC)posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirsD)isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld23. Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould________.A)correspondtoitsrealvalueB)bereducedtotheminimumC)stimulatedomesticdemandD)takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts24. Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto________.A)buildbiglakestostorewaterB)constructbigpumpingstationsC)channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocroplandD)buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystems25. Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento________.A)centralizethemanagementofwaterresourcesB)increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevelsC)guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironmentD)encouragelocalandregionalcontrolofwaterresourcesPassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffee,andittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularity,andmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Saleswentintoaslightdecline(衰退)whenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalistoextendproductlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,forexample,thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywereoriginallydesignedforthemilitary?Marketmodificationalsomeanssearchingforincreasedusageamongpresentcustomersorgoingforadifferentmarket,suchasseniorcitizens.Amarketermayre-positiontheproducttoappealtonewmarketsections.Anotherproductextensionstrategyiscalledproductmodification.Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.Americanautomanufacturersareusingqualityimprovementasonewaytorecaptureworldmarkets.Note,also,howautomanufacturersoncechangedstylesdramaticallyfromyeartoyeartokeepdemandfromfalling.26. Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrandofaproduct,itssaleswill________.A)decreasegraduallyB)remainatthesamelevelC)becomeunstableD)improveenormously27. Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatanewproductis________.A)noteasilyacceptedbythepublicB)ofteninferiortooldonesatfirstC)oftenmoreexpensivethanoldonesD)usuallyintroducedtosatisfydifferenttastes28. Marketersneedtoknowwhichofthefourstagesaproductisinsoasto________.A)promoteitsproductionB)workoutmarketingpoliciesC)speedupitslifecycleD)increaseitspopularity29. Theauthormentionstheexampleof“backpacks”(Line4,Para.2)toshowtheimportanceof________.A)pleasingtheyoungaswellastheoldB)increasingusageamongstudentsC)exploringnewmarketsectionsD)servingbothmilitaryandcivilneeds30. Inordertorecovertheirshareoftheworldmarket,U.S.automakersare________.A)improvingproductqualityB)increasingproductfeaturesC)modernizingproductstyleD)re-positioningtheirproductinthemarketPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions: Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.31. BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,we________herefortowdays.A)havebeenstayingB)havestayedC)shallstayD)willhavestayed32. AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernment,residentsofHawaiihavethelongestlife________:77.2years.A)scopeB)rankC)spanD)scale33. Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,________allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A)hadlostB)wouldloseC)wouldhavelostD)shouldhavelost34. Asapublicrelationsofficer,heissaid________someveryinfluentialpeople.A)tohavebeenknowingB)tobeknowingC)tohaveknownD)toknow35. Ourhopes________andfellinthesameinstant.A)arousedB)aroseC)raisedD)rose36. Withthedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowers________beforetheirtime.A)bebloomedB)bloomingC)bloomD)bloomed37. Aseasonticket________theholdertomakeasmanyjourneysashewisheswithinthestatedperiodoftime.A)grantsB)promisesC)entitlesD)presents38. ________intheofficehadmadeamistake,andthefirmregrettedcausingthecustomerinconvenience.A)SomeB)AnyoneC)OneD)Someone39. Inrecentyearsmuchmoreemphasishasbeenput________developingthestudents’productiveskills.A)overB)ontoC)inD)on40. Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighbourhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein________.A)residentsB)inhabitantsC)lodgersD)settlers41. Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot________extensivedamagehadbeencaused.A)afterB)beforeC)sinceD)as42. Purchasingthenewproductionlinewillbea________dealforthecompany.A)profitableB)tremendousC)forcefulD)favorite43. Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert________itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.A)providedB)whateverC)evenifD)asif44. Wehadn’tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedher________Isawher.A)forthemomentB)themomentwhenC)atthemomentwhenD)themoment45. ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerica,hecanspeak________Chinese.A)smoothB)fluentC)fluidD)flowing46. Governmentreports,examinationcompositions,legaldocumentsandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations________formallanguageisused.A)inwhichB)onwhichC)inthatD)atwhat47. Fiftyyearsago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun________sightseeing.A)thantogoB)ratherthantogoC)morethangoingD)otherthangoing48. Ifthebuildingproject________bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A)tobecompletedB)iscompletedC)beingcompletedD)completed49. HewroteanarticlecriticizingtheGreekpoetandwon________andascholarship.A)statusB)fameC)faithD)courage50. Jackwishesthathe________businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A)hadstudiedB)studyC)studiedD)hadbeenstudying51. TheolderNewEnglandvillageshavechangedrelativelylittle________agasstationortwoinrecentdecades.A)exceptB)besidesC)inadditiontoD)exceptfor52. TheCarClubcouldn’t________tomeetthedemandsofallitsmembers.A)ensureB)guaranteeC)assumeD)confirm53. Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto________interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.A)gatherB)generateC)assembleD)yield54. Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers________ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.A)informedB)informC)beinformedD)informing55. Eatingtoomuchfatcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A)contributetoB)attributetoC)attendtoD)devoteto56. Allthetasks________aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.A)hadbeenfulfilledB)werefulfilledC)havingbeenfulfilledD)beenfulfilled57. Thisarticle________moreattentiontotheproblemofculturalinterferenceinforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.A)callsforB)appliesforC)caresforD)allowsfor58. Hewaspunished________heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.A)unlessB)lestC)ifD)provided59. Petrolisrefinedfromthe________oilwetakeoutoftheground.A)freshB)originalC)rudeD)crude60. ________intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A)ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB)OncethefourthbiggestcityC)BeingthefourthbiggestcityD)ItwasoncethefourthbiggestcityPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Morethanfortythousandreaderstoldusthattheylookedforinclosefriendships,whattheyexpected__61__friends,whattheywerewillingtogivein__62__,andhowsatisfiedtheywere__63__thequalityoftheirfriendships.The__64__givelittlecomforttosocialcritics.Friendship__65__tobeauniqueformof__66__bonding.Unlikemarriageorthetiesthat__67__parentsandchildren,itisnotdefinedorregulatedby__68__.Unlikeothersocialrolesthatweareexpectedto__69__—ascitizens,employees,membersofprofessionalsocietiesand__70__organizations—ithasitsownprinciple,whichistopromote__71__ofwarmth,trust,love,andaffection__72__twopeople.ThesurveyonfriendshipappearedintheMarch__73__ofPsychologyToday.Thefindings__74__thatissuesoftrustandbetrayal(背叛)are__75__tofriendship.Theyalsosuggestthatourreadersdonot__76__forfriendsonlyamongthosewhoare__77__likethem,butfindmany__78__differinrace,religion,andethnic(種族的)background.Arguablythemostimportant__79__thatemergesfrom