.

/

?áìa±¨??D￠?D???D2010??17°à????á?

?D??±3?°￡o

μ±?ùòò?aò?′ê???￥?￥3é?aá÷DDó?ê±￡???óD?ùòéμ?×a?ùòòê3?·ò2×???á??ò??μ?éú??￡?°úé?á?à?°ùD?μ?2í×à?￡?ü?êà′￡?óD1?×a?ùòòê3?·ê?·???è?ì????μ?ì3é?￡o|μ??ùòéè??÷?¤áò￡?òy?eá?è?êà??1??úμ????è1?×￠?￡μ?ê?￡??ú?ò1ú￡?×a?ùòòê3?·??′ó?àêyà?°ùD?????￡???o?è?è?ê??°éú??ò￡??μ?￡????1×a?ùòòê3?·μ?3???óDê2?′òaò?￡?×a?ùòòê3?·μ?μ×óDà??1ê?2?à?￡?×a?ùòòê3?·°2è??eμè?êìa?ò??è?è?2??ü?a′e

??μ?oíòaò?￡o

×a?ùòòê3?·ê?D?μ?????2ú??￡???1ü???ú?1′??ú?a?ù?ò???ùμ??êìa￡?μ???×?????μ?·￠?1￡??ü?áóúà′óúíêé??￡?ò???àD?￡???òa°′??ò??¨μ?1??¨è￥×?￡??ò1úéú????ê?μ?·￠?1?áê????μ?￠óDDòμ?￡??ò??μ?éú??ò2?áòòéú????ê?′?à′μ?×a?ùòòê3?·??±?μ??ü?ó·á????2ê?￡

???ù?ú??óD?aê?×?±?μ??ù′???é?￡?°?êé±??aê?ó???êμéú2ú?￠éú????DD1μí¨￡?1?×￠?§?°μ?1y3ì￡??μá·?ò??μ?????·?·¨￡?ìá??????????￡?ê1?ò???üò?·??a?tμ????ù?§?aê??üóD?ù?????￠?D???￠?aêí?￠??ó?￡?′ó??óD?ù·￠???￠óD?ù′′?ì?§?á??ó?×??oμ??aê?oí?ˉì?μ?á|á?è￥é?è?á??aoíì???×a?ùòòê3?·μ?°2è?D?￡??íá??ò??μ??ˉê?oí?ˉ???üá|￡??à???ò??μ?é??áêμ?ù?üá|oí′|àíéú??μ??üá|ê??ò??ìá3??aò??D??D??§?°??ìaμ???μ?

?D??·?·¨￡o

???×?D??·¨1?2ì·¨?ê?í·¨

è???·?1¤￡o

???ˉê±??°2??￡o

?D??1y3ì￡o

è·?¨μ÷2é??±ê

×é3¤×??aìa±¨??

×é3¤·???è???

?÷D??ó2é??×êá?

??×÷μ÷2é?ê?í

??2ìμ±μ?3?êD

?ú3?êD?D?ò2é?ù±?

?ú′ó????DD?ê?íμ÷2é

??ê?í3??

10×ü?á??àí

11.×é?±·￠±í?D??

12.μ?3??á??

13.D′3??áìa±¨??￡?é???à?ê|éó2é

×ü?ᱨ??￡o

×a?ùòòê3?·￡¨geneticallymodifiedfoods￡?gmf￡??íê?à?ó???′ú·?×óéú????ê?￡????3D?éú??μ??ùòò×aò?μ??????????Dè￥￡????ìéú??μ?ò?′????ê￡?ê1???úD?×′?￠óa???·?ê?￠??·??·?êμè·????òè????ùDèòaμ???±ê×a±??￡ò?×a?ùòòéú???a?±?óê3?·?ò?a?-á??ó1¤éú2úμ?ê3?·?íê??°×a?ùòòê3?·?±?￡

×a?ùòòê3?·μ???àà

μúò?àà￡??2??D?×a?ùòòê3?·?2??D?×a?ùòòê3?·oü?à?￡àyè?￡???°üéú2úDèòa??μ°°×?êo?á?μ?D??ó￡??????°μ?D??ó?·??o?μ°°×?ê??μí￡?????D§±í′?μ?μ°°×?ùòò×aè?D??ó￡????áê1×?3éμ???°ü??óD?üo?μ?±o??D??ü?￡·???ê?ò???óa??·á???￠?-?????μoü??μ?1?ê?￡?μ??ü2??í?ü2??￡?aá??a??·????aàà1?êμμ??ü2??êìa￡??D????·￠??￡??????2???￥à??¤??òò??o?3éμ????ùòò￡?ê?μ????2???￥à?μ???òa?ùòò￡?è?1??ü1?à?ó??ùòò1¤3ìμ?·?·¨ò????a???ùòòμ?±í′?￡????′?￥à??¤??òò??μ?éú??o?3é?í?áμ?μ?????￡?·???ò2?í2??áèYò×±?èíoí?ˉà?á??￡?à1ú?￠?D1úμè1ú?òμ??à?????§?ò?-1y??á|￡?ò??àóy3?á??a?ùμ?·???D??·???￡?a??·????1?￥à?￡??1èí?ˉ￡??í?ü2?￡??ü3¤í???ê?￡??é??éù?ó1¤éú2ú?°??ê??Dμ?à?·??￡

μú?tàà￡??ˉ??D?×a?ùòòê3?·

?ˉ??D?×a?ùòòê3?·ò2óDoü?à??àà?￡±èè?￡??￡ì??ú×aè?á?è?μ??ùòò￡??￡3¤′óoó2úéúμ??￡èé?Do?óD?ùòòò???￡?ìáè?oó?éó?óúè?àà2??￠μ???á??￡?ú?íμ??ùòò×é?D×aè?è?μ?éú3¤???ùòò￡??íμ?éú3¤?ù?è???óá?ò?±?￡??íèa?êá?′ó′óìá??￡????ú?a?ùμ??íèaò??ú°?′óà???±???é?á?2í×à?￡μúèyàà￡?×a?ùòò?￠éú??ê3?·

?￠éú??ê?×a?ùòò×?3￡ó?μ?×a?ˉ2?á?￡??ùò?￡?×a?ùòò?￠éú??±è??èYò×?àóy￡?ó|ó?ò2×?1?·o?￡àyè?￡?éú2ú?ìàòμ??yèé??￡?ò?íù???ü′óé±?àμ?D??￡μ????D2??üè?3?￡????úà?ó?×a?ùòò?￠éú??ò??ü1?ê1?yèé???úì?ía′óá?2úéú￡?±ü?aá?D??￡μ??T1??àí?￡?ò2?μμíá?éú2ú3é±??￡

μú??àà￡?×a?ùòòì?êaê3?·

???§?òà?ó?éú??ò?′?1¤3ì￡?????í¨μ?ê?2??￠??1??￠á?ê3μè??×÷??￡?±?3é?ü?¤·à?22?μ?é???μ??°ò???ê3?·?±?￡???§?ò?àóy3?á?ò????ü?¤·à???òμ?üùT￡?2???￡ó??a??üùT￡à′?1D?°×êó￡??üê1D?°×êóμ??12??üá|′ó′ó?????￡???ò?a?????ò?1?-￡??ü?-êü???áμ??ˉê′??2?±????μ￡?2￠?ü?¤·￠è?ì??????òμ??aò??üá|?￡óúê?￡???à′???àμ??12??ùòò?y?ú±?×aè??2??￡?ê1è????ú?·3￠?ê1??à??μ?í?ê±￡?′?μ?·à2?μ???μ??￡

×a?ùòòê3?·μ?·￠?1

×?1983?êêà??é?μúò?ày×a?ùòò×÷??￡¨?ì2Y￡??êêàò?à′￡?×a?ùòò?2??μ??D??μ?μ?á????ù·￠?1?￡

1986?ê?à1úoí·¨1úê×?è??×a?ùòò?2??ò?è?′óì??￡??oó×a?ùòòê3?·μ??a·￠?D?????í·￠?1?￡2002?êè??ò???2???y′?5800íò1??ê￡?′óá?×a?ùòò??2ú?·ò?±??±?ó?ò???óμ???3éè?ààμ?ê3?·￡?×a?ùòòê3?·3ê???í·￠?1μ??÷ê?￡?è??òóD16??1ú?ò?ü600íò???????????2×a?ùòò×÷???￡1999?ê3???D1ú??μ??D???ù?D??μ?ê?êà??ê×′′μ??°×a?ùòò?ó????μ??±?D??3é1?í¨1yá?ר?ò???¨?￡μ????°?a?1￡??ò1ú12óD48??×a?ùòò×÷????DD?D??ê??é￡????D??μ??￠ó??×?￠′ó?1?￠?íá?êí?￠?÷oìêá?￠ìe?·óD×a?ùòòê3?·?￡óéóú×a?ùòò×÷??2úá????￠????μí?￠?í?ü??μèì?μ?￡??ˉ??D?×a?ùòòê3?·?·?êo??￠3é±?μí?￠???ó?μ??μè?-òò￡?ê1μ?×a?ùòòê3?·μ?êD3?·Y??á??êé?éy?￡?¤??×a?ùòò×÷??2005?êêD3??úê????é′?80òú?à?a￡?2010?ê?a200òú?à?a?á250òú?à?a?￡??×?×a?ùòò?ˉ?2??éì?·?ˉ2?·￥μ??ó?ì￡?′óá?μ?×a?ùòò??2ú?·ò??-?±?ó?ò???ó±???×÷3éè?ààμ???·??·?￡???°￡?êà???÷μ?μ?ê3?·3?êD?D?ùóD×a?ùòòê3?·μ??úê??￡??×?×a?ùòòê3?·μ?·?é?·??§?e2?à?′ó￡?1?óú×a?ùòòê3?·°2è?D??êìaò2òy?eá?è???μ???′ó1?×￠?￡

×a?ùòòê3?·μ?ó?μ?

1yè￥??±??2??μ??·???÷òaê?í¨1yóy??￡??a??′?í3μ?óy??·?ê?Dèòaμ?ê±??3¤￡??ó??3?μ??·??2?ò×????￡???μ?D?2?￡???oó′ú?é?ü??2úμ?2??12?￡?ò2?é?ü?12?μ?2???2ú￡?ò2Díê???2úμ??·?ê2?￡??ùò?±?Dèò?′?ò?′?μ???DD??óy?￡??×a?ùòò??ê??í2?í?á?￡??éò?????è?o?1????μ??ùòò×a??è￥￡??í?éμ?μ?1???àó|μ?D??·??￡?2?ó??ù?¨???′3¤μ?ê±??é???á??￡

.′?í3μ?óy?????üê???μ?????μ?￡?ó??×??ó??×￡???DD?ó??￡?2??ü??μ???ó??×￡???μ??ü2??üoí???ú??DD?ó???￡??×a?ùòò??ê?2?μ??éò?°?2?í??2??μ??ùòò??DD×éo?￡????ò?1?éò?°??ˉ??μ??ùòò￡?é??áè?μ??ùòò×éo?μ??2??à?è￥?￡±èè?￡o???§?ò?′?Dá?ò???±±??Düμ??ùòò￡?è??a?üóDμ??1à??3μ?×÷ó?￡?óúê?????·?à?è?3?￡??ù?2è?·??????D￡??àóy3??ío?·????￡

.í¨1y×a?ùòò??ê??é?àóy??2ú?￠ó??ê?￠?12????￠?13??￠?1o??￠?1oμ?￠?1à??￠?1?????￠?13y2Y?áμèì?D?μ?×÷??D??·??￡?ò???éù????ò??ˉ·êoí??μ?òààμ￡??μμí??òμ3é±?￡?′ó·ù?èμ?ìá??μ￥?????yμ?2úá?￡???é?ê3?·μ??êá?￡??o?aêà??á?ê3?ìè±μ????ü?￡àyè?￡o?íá?êí?2è?ìì2???μ??ùòòoó￡??1???Y2??￠èí?ˉ2?μ??üá|′ó′óìá??￡?1yè￥?aá???2????ê?á′?à′?ü33éμ???2ú￡?ò????1???Tà-?à?íá?êí?×3?μ??íá?êí￡??éê1?à1ú???êéùó?37íò?§??μ?é±3??á￡?°￠?ùí￠2￥??×a?ùòò?1??oó￡?′ó?1?12?oí?1?ó2Y?üá|′ó?a???ó￡?ê1ó???ò?oí3y2Y?áμ?á???éù￡?éú2ú3é±?±è?-à′???μá?15￡￥?￡

.à?ó?×a?ùòò??ê?éú2úóDà?óú???μoí?1?22?μ?ê3?·?￡??°?oí??é???1????′??í?3??à???é?￥è?óDò?D??àμ?ê3ó?óíμ?′ó?1?￡á?′ó1????1??áaê?í?3???μà?ü?ê?à?ò?üèYò×???ˉμ????ˉ′ó?1D??·???￡°????·1???ó?????1???o?×÷￡??y?ú?D????o?á??1°????êμ??÷oìêá￡?ò??°?éó?óúéú2ú?aoìμ°°×μ?ó??×oí′ó?1?￡′?ía￡?o?ò???μ?????oí?íá?êíò2?y?ú?ó???D???D￡?è?±????§?òà?ó?×a?ùòò??ê?3é1|?àóy3??é??éù?a??μ¨1ì′?o?á??￠·à?1?ˉ??ó2?ˉμ???μ?D??·??￡??·?T???§?òD??àóy3?á??×á￡?D??o???éú??aoíìúμ?×a?ùòòμ?￡??aò?3é1?óD?é?ü°??ú?μμíè??ò·??§?ú?￠ì?±eê?ò?μ??×?a?÷ê3μ?·￠?1?D1ú?òè±ìúD????aoí??éú??aè±·|?￠μ?·￠2??ê?￡

×a?ùòòê3?·?éò?°úí????ú?￠??oòμ?ó°?ì￡?è?è???ò??ê???????é3?μ?D??êμ?1?2??￡í?ê±￡?è????1·￠??×a?ùòò×÷???á3?μ?1?êμ￡??T??íaD??1ê???μà??±e??·????￡ó￠1úμ????§?ò??ò????éò????μò??ì??±?òìμ??ùòòò??2μ?2Y?D￡??éò?ê1??????3￡?à￡?3yá???óD?ì?ˉ1|?ü??ía￡??1ê1Dó?áòμêüò?￡?òò?à2Yμ?óa??±è?é2Y??￡???ê1èaμ??êá?ìá???￡

×a?ùòòê3?·μ??￡o|

×?′ó×a?ùòò×÷??′ó1??￡???2ò?à′￡?óD1?×a?ùòòê3?·μ??ù??ò??±2????￡1998?ê8??￡?ó￠1úrowett?D???ùμ????§?òpusztai?ìêú±¨μà￡?ó×êóê3ó?×a?ùòòíá?1oó￡??a???13?×a?ùòò?íá?êí?ù2úéúμ????¨á?ía?′?y?ˉ??ê1?ú?àoí?aò??μí3êü?e￡?×è°-D?êóéú3¤?￡?aê?????×a?ùòòê3?·°2è?D?×???ìá3?μ??D??±¨???￡??è?ó￠1ú?ê?ò?§?áóú1999?ê5??D?2????D??′??ú?°???′?±￡?μ?ê???±¨μà?¤?eè?????×a?ùòòê3?·ê?·??￡o|è?ì????μμ??ù???￡1999?ê5??￡??à1ú?μ?í??′ó?§loseyμèè?±¨μà￡??úò????2???íà???μ?ò???é?í?é?×a?ùòòbtó??×?¨·?oó?1??°?μ?￡?·￠??4ììoó°?μ?ó×3??àí??ê?a44%￡?′ó??òy·￠á?×a?ùòò?2????éúì??·?3ê?·?°2è?μ??ùòé?￡áíía￡??ó??′óalbertaoísaskatch-ewan?ìêú±¨μà×a?ùòòóí2?ì???·￠??á??ü1??13y2Y?áμ?óí2?×?2￥?2??￡?3é?a?°3????ó2Y?±?￡

.×a?ùòòê3?·??è?ì??é?ü?á?ì3éμ??￡o|

??×a?ùòò×÷???Dμ??????éòy?eè?àà?±?￠?yD??D???ò2úéú??°??￠?????￠??í?±?×÷ó???×÷???Dμ??aò??ò???????ê?éê1è?àà?úì?2úéú±?ì??ò1y??·′ó|?￡

??×a?ùòòê3?·?Dμ??÷òaóa??3é·??￠?￠á?óa?????°?1óa??òò×óμ?±??ˉ￡??á?μμíê3?·μ?óa?????μ￡?ê1??óa???á11ê§oa

.×a?ùòòê3?·′??úμ?òt??

￡¨1￡??′??DD??3¤ê±??μ?°2è?D?ê??é￡o?ùòò?ˉê3?·??±?á??ò???ùê3ó?ê3?·μ?×?è?ê?D?￡??ü?ùê1ó?μ?éú?????ê2?ê?è?ààê3?·°2è?ìá1?μ?2?·Y￡??′??DD3¤ê±??μ?°2è?ê??é￡???óDè??aμà?aààê3?·ê?°2è?μ??￡

￡¨2￡?2úéú????￡o?ùòò?ˉê3?·?ü2úéú2??é?¤??μ?éú??í?±?￡??á?úê3?·?D2úéú????????oíD?μ??????￡losey,j.e.μ豨μà￡??úò????2???íà???ò???é?è?óD×a?ùòòbtó??×?¨·?oó￡???à????÷??°?μ?ê3ó?ò????íéù￡?3¤μ??y￡?4ììμ?ó×3?μ??àí??ê44%?￡??????×é￡¨???12?è?btó??×?¨·?μ?ò???￡??Tò??àí??￡×a?ùòò×÷??2úéúμ?é±3??????éóé?ù2?é?è??ü?§￡?μ?éD2???3t?á2úéúo???ó°?ì?￡

￡¨3￡?1y???ò±?ì?·′ó|￡o?ùòò??ê??á?úê3?·?D2úéú2??ü?¤??μ?oí?′?aμ?±?ì?·′ó|?-?￡?Y±¨??￡???°í?÷?á1?2úéú1y??μ??÷ì?ò2?á??ó????á1??ùòò1¤3ì?ˉ??μ?μ?μ?′ó?12úéú1y???￡???§?ò°?°í?÷oúìòμ?ì?D?ò??2μ????1é?è￥￡??á1?è′ê1ò?D???oúìò1y??μ?è??úé?è????1ê±óD1y??μ??é?ü?￡?2???y?a??￡¨lectin￡???óDD?o|3?à′?μê?óD??μ?￡?×a?ùòòê3?·2?μ?o?óD′?ààóD?????ê?￡

￡¨4￡???éùê3?·μ?óa?????μ?ò?μ?aê3?·?D??òaμ?3é·Y￡o?ùòò?ˉμ???μ?ê?è￥3y?ò?e??è???è??a2?Dèòaμ????ê￡??aD????ê?é?üê??′?aμ?￡?μ??üê??ù±?μ??￡±èè??üóD×?è?μ?ò???°??￠μ??üá|￡¨pariza,m.w.￡?1990￡??￡?à1úμ??D??×êá?±í?÷￡??ú??óD?13y2Y?á?ùòòμ?′ó?1?D￡?òì??íaàà?¤??μè·à°?μ?3é·Y??éùá??￡?ùòò?ˉê3?·μ?Dé?ùD??ê?D???ó??·????￡??óD·????￠óD1a?óμ?oìé?T????ü?ü2????ü￡?μ?óa?????μ??μí?￡??·????ú1o?ò??1??òê?2?ê±￡???òà??ía1?oí?êμ?￡?òò′?￡?2??ü×?è·?D?¨??2ú?·μ???êμ?êá??￡óa?????ê?ú?·?3?D×?è??-?·êüμ?×a?ùòò?￠éú??μ??éè??￡

￡¨5￡?2úéú?1?ú???íò?D????ú￡o?ùòò??ê?2éó??í?1?ú??￡¨è??1?¨???1???￠°±üD?à?1???￠D??1???￠á′?1??μè￡??ùòòà′±êê?×a?ùòò?ˉμ???×÷??￡??a?íòa??×???×÷??′?óD?í?1?ú??μ??ùòò?￡?aD??ùòòí¨1y???ú??ó°?ì?ò???￡ó￠1úμ??D????ê?￡?×a?ùòò×÷???Dμ?í?±??ùòò?é?ü?á??è?μ?éú??óD?úì?￡?í?±?μ??ùòòè???????èooí×aò??á???ú￡????á1??é?ü?áμ???D?μ??22??￡??è??a???ú?á?é?üD?oüD?￡?μ?è?3????T·¨??á?μ?2￠1?·o′?2￥μ???éú?ü?ì3é????ítD2μ??22?ê±￡???oó1?2??°éè???￡oéà????§?ò·￠±í?ú??D????§?ò?·?ó??μ?ê??é?á1?3?￡?éè??ò?è??ì??￡???è????ˉ×a?ùòòê3??μ?1y3ì??DD?￡?a￡?·￠??dna?íá??ú3|?ú￡?í?ê±ò?D?×a?ùòò???ú?ü1?°?×??oμ??1éú???1D??ùòò×aò???è??ì??μ????ú?￡è?1?àà???á1?·￠éú?úè?oí?ˉ??ì??ú￡??í?é?ü?à??3?1|D§×???μ??￠?1?ú??ò2?T·¨é±?àμ?3??????ú?￡ó￠1úD?ê3?·oí1¤ò?1??ê?ˉ?±?á?í???1ò???ó??1°±üD?à?1???ùòò×÷±êê?μ?×a?ùòò??á?ó??×?÷ê????1?￡￡?òò???Do?óDμ?dnaè?±￡3??-?ù￡?2￠óD?é?ü?ó?ù???1?ú??μ??1ò?D??￡

￡¨6￡?2úéúμ??êìa2??ü??DD×·×ù￡oè?2???DD±êê?￡??ò??μ?1?12?àéúμ±???í?Tá|òò3????êìa·￠????à′?′￡??±?úD?μ??￡o|?μμ??3òé?￡

￡¨7￡??±×÷ó??üé±o|è?ì?￡omayeno,a.n.μ豨??￡?·￠éúò???D?μ?￡?2??÷?-òòμ?2??￠￡??÷òa±í???aêè?áD???í′?￡áù′2±í??óD?é±??￠é??-?êìa?￠í′D??×?í?￠?¤·?·￠?÷?￠D??à3????êìa￡???ò?è±·|?￠í·í′?￠1a???￠??êY￡¨brenneman,d.e.μè￡?1993￡?love,l.a.μè￡?1993￡??￡oó2é?÷?μè?±?ò?1???éúμ??ùòò?ˉ1¤3ì???ú2úéúμ?é?°±?á?ù???￡ê3ó????ú3????oó·￠2?￡?μ???37è??àí?￡?

1500è?ì?2?·Y?é±?￡?5000?àè?·￠éú????D??Tá|?￡?Y2a?¨￡?o?á??a0.1%±??éé±?àè?ì??￡

￡¨￡?￡??±?ó?￡o|è?ì?￡olancet?ó??1999?ê10??16è?±¨??￡?????à?rowett?D???ùμ?pusztai,a.￡¨1998￡?ê×′?ó?×a???¨á??y?á??￡¨gna￡??ùòòμ??íá?êí?1′óêó￡?10ììoó￡?·￠?????1×é′óêó?á3|?￠??3|oí2?·?D?3|?3?¤±?o?￡????′???1×a?ùòò?íá?êí×é?′·￠??2?±??￡??è??a￡?ò2Díê?μ?è?μ??ùòò?¤???ò×è?1?2???Dμ????ü?ùòòμ??á1??￡áíía1?2ìμ?￡?êμ?éêóé??à?￠D??ùoí?￠?àéú3¤òì3￡?ò?????òéú3¤2?μ±￡??à????òa?÷1ùò2?aμ????μ￡???2?????￡??aò??μí3±?è??￡??è?ó￠1ú?ê?òò??§?á??′?ר??×é?ˉ???§?ò??DDμ÷2é?D??￡?è??a￡???êμ?é′óéè???￠?′DDμ?·???μè?à·???′??úè±?Y￡?2?ó|1y??μ?3??á??￡???è?á?×é′??ú2?òì￡?μ?òòêüêμ?é??ê?μ??T??oí2??yè·μ?à?ó?í3???§￡??aD?2?òì?μ?÷2?á??êìa?￡μ?è?2??ü??3yè?????×a?ùòòê3?·μ?òé???￡??×é?ì?￡éú2ú?¤??￡¨rbgh￡??ú?à1úí?è?éìòμ?ˉê1ó?oó￡?ê1ó???oü?ì·￠???aààò???μ???á??ì?￡èé·??×·￠2??ê???ó￡??ì?￡μ?·±?3?êμí?￡óéóúò???μ?×÷ó?￡?ê1?ì?￡μ?D?3?′úD??ó?ì￡?μ????üo????ó??òy?e?àí??￡?￡?ìμ?óa?????μò2?μμíá??￡???§?ò????×??ú?÷°à?àoí?à1úéìòμ?ˉ???2μ?×a?ùòòó??×oí?T?¨??DD????D??D??oóè??a￡?×a?ùòò×÷???é?üòy?e???¤?×oí???üD?2????￡ò2óD×êá??¤êμ￡?×a?ùòòê3?·?é?üó?·￠°??￠2￠′?μY????ò?′úò??°μ???ê§μ÷￡??é?üDèòa30?ê?ò?ü3¤μ?ê±???￡

?÷1ú??×a?ùòòê3?·μ?1?μ?

3¤?úò?à′￡???óú×a?ùòòê3?·D?3éá?ò??à1ú?a′ú±íμ??§3??óóaoíò??·???a′ú±íμ??÷é÷?ó

óa￡??ò1ú?§3?×a?ùòòê3?·?D??￡?μ???2ú?·±êê?????òa?ó?￡

<1>?à1ú1?μ??à1úê?êà??é?×a?ùòò×÷??éìòμ?ˉéú2ú×??àμ?1ú?ò￡?óD1/4??μ????2μ?ê?×a?ùòò×÷??￡?×a?ùòòê3?·?à′?4000?à???￡?úóD1?×a?ùòò×÷???°??ê3?·°2è?D?μ??ù???D￡??à1úê??????ú???¨oí?§3?μ?á￠3?é?￡??÷????×a?ùòò2ú?·oí′?í3??2ú?·í?μè??′y￡?2￠??á|ó°?ì1ú?êé??á???à1??t2?μ??????￡

<2>?·??1?μ??·??μ???μ??·?3±￡?¤?÷ò???oí??·?í?ì?μè×é?ˉ?á??·′??×a?ùòòê3?·?￡????×é?ˉ′ó1??￡·′??×a?ùòòμ??1òéoíó?DD￡?2éè??÷??′?ê?×è?1×a?ùòòê3?·μ??D??oí?a·￠?￡?·??μ????t??ì??è?÷é÷￡??÷????×a?ùòò2ú?·2éè??°?¤·à?-?ò?±?￡?§è??aò??-?ò￡??·???èoó??×a?ùòòê3?·°2è?oí±ê???êìa?￠D?Díê3?·1üàí1????êìa?￠×a?ùòòó??×oí′ó?1?êìa?￠o?×a?ùòò3é·?μ?ìí?ó?áoíμ÷??á?μè?êìa??DDá?1??¨?￡

<3>?ò1ú??×a?ùòòê3?·μ?1üàí?ò1ú??óú×a?ùòòéú??óD????òa?ó?￡?ú1ú???o304o?á?1?2?μ?????òμ×a?ùòòéú??°2è?1üàíì?ày?·?D￡?°???òμ×a?ùòòéú????DDá??¨ò?￡?1??¨á??D???￠ê??éòaè?μ?°2è??¤êé￡?éú2ú?￠?ó1¤￡?òaè?μ?éú2úDí?é?¤￡??-óaòaè?μ??-óaDí?é?¤￡?òa?ó?ú?D1ú?3?ú?úê?áDè?????μ???òμ×a?ùòòéú??òaóD?÷??μ?±ê??oí±êê?￡??????úó?3??úò2óD1??¨￡??ùóD3??úμ??D1úà′μ?×a?ùòòμ?éú??ò??°?ó1¤μ??-á?￡???Dèòa?D1ú°?·￠μ?×a?ùòòéú??°2è??¤êé￡?è?1?2?·?o?òa?ó￡?òaí????ò???ú?ù′|àí?￡

×a?ùòòê3?·μ??°?°

??1ü?úêà??·??§?ú??×a?ùòòê3?·óDoü?à?ùòé￡?μ??a2￠2?ó°?ì×a?ùòòê3?·??ê?μ????ù·￠?1￡?D?μ?×a?ùòòê3?·?1?ú2????êêà?￡??è?×a?ùòò??ê??1óD2?éù°2è?é?μ?òéμ?￡?μ??ü???ò1ú??òμ·￠?1óD????òaμ?òaò?￡o?ü??é?á?ê3?·?·?ê?￠?13??￠??2ú?￠???ó×÷???????úμ?μ??1á|?￠??éù??íáá÷ê§?￠??éù??ò?μ?ê1ó?á?￡?′ó??′?à′????μ???òμD§ò??￠?-??D§ò??￡???°￡??ò1úμ?éú????ê??§3?2úòμ?1ê?·?±?è?￡?′ó2?·??D???a·￠ê1ó?μ?ò??÷éè±?￡?°üà¨ê??á?ùòààμ???ú￡?′ó′ó????á?éú????ê?μ?·￠?1?￡òò′?￡??t??2???ó|′ó3¤????±ê×???￡??ú?t2?é?·?3??à1?2úòμ?￡áíía￡??ò1úéú????ê??D???D?1′??ú×?′￠±?2?×??￠′′D?D?2?1?μ??êìa￡?òa3?·?à?ó??ò1ú·á??μ??ùòò×ê?′￡??a·￠óμóD×??÷?aê?2úè¨μ?רà???ê?￡?ìá???ò1ú?ú??áìóòμ??o?ùá|?￡×a?ùòò×÷???ú?ò1úμ????°??oü?-￡??·????éù?òD§ò?2????￡?úD?μ?×a?ùòò×÷???D??·???ó|??×￠òaá|?ü?àμ?·??ú?÷òa?-??×÷??é?￡?óè??ê?óDà?óú??à§μ??????2μ??·???￡??óD3??ú?±á|μ?D??·??ò2ó|?ó′ó?a·￠á|?è?￡í?ê±￡??ò??ó|?ó????1??úμ?D?′??ìóy￡?ìá??×a?ùòòê3?·μ??óêü?è[8]?￡ò2ó|×￠òa???é?óμ?μ??é?üD?￡?1úíaóD?D??±í?÷1y·?D?′??é?üμ????óêü?è???μ?￡??è?è?????×a?ùòòê3?·μ?òa??2?ò?￡?μ???×??ùòò1¤3ì??ê?μ???2?ò??°°2è?1üàíòaê?μ??ó??￡???×a?ùòòê3?·°2è?D?μ??à1à·?·¨2???íêé?￡??à1àê???2?????2?￡?×a?ùòò??ê?oí×a?ùòòê3?·???aè?àà′?à′?ü?ó?ào?μ??÷ìì￡?ê1éú????ê????y?ì?￡óúè?àà?￡

???§??′y×a?ùòòê3?·

×a?ùòòê3?·ê?μ±′úéú????ê?μ?2ú??￡?μ??ü???1?ì2?×?Dí?à2?è·?¨μ?òò???￡?yè?óDD????§?ò?ù?μμ????ù￡??ú?ò??2??aμàé??á?ò??ê2?′??2???μ??é????￡??í′óì?ì?ì??ùòò1¤3ì????è?àà′?à′?T′óμ?à?ò?￡?ê?2?ê??aê±1y??￡?è???ó|??ò??ü?óàíD?μ?ì??è??′y?ùòò1¤3ì?￡?¤??μ?è??a×a?ùòò??ê??￠×a?ùòòê3?·ê?è?ààéú′?ó?·￠?1μ??èD?￡???1????°à?ò?￡?ê??ìêóoí2??o?eè?μ??÷??DD?a?￡?úμ??òé?μ?è??ú2?????3¤￡??é??μ????y2?????éùμ??é????￡?×a?ùòòê3?·?a?a??μ??òé?μ???à§oí?￠???êìa￡??a?a??è?ààμ?éú′?ó?·￠?1?êìa￡?ìá1?á?ò????????￡μ?ê?￡??a??????ê?o?ê??μ￡?íêè?è???óúè?àà×?éí?￡òò?aè?ààμ?éú′?ó?·￠?1?êìa2?????ê?ò?????ê??êìa￡??üê?ò???é??á?êìa?￠?á11?êìa?￡?úè?ààò??°?òê?×?è?μ??÷·t???±×??óê±￡?′ó×?è?ò?2??°3Dêü????2￠ítD2μ?á?è?ààéú′?￡?è?ààò2ò??-?·3￠μ???ê?àíD??ù′?à′μ??à1??￡òò′?￡??ú×a?ùòò?êìaé?￡?è?àà±?D?×?è????￠D-μ÷?￠?é3?D?·￠?1μ?μà?·?￡

êD3?μ÷2é?ù·￠??μ?×a?ùòòê3?·

êD3?é?′ó2?·?ê3?·??2?ê?×a?ùòòê3?·￡???óDéùêy?1???·óD×a?ùòò′ó?1??3é￡????D′ó2?·?±???3éê3ó?óí￡?è?í?￡o

êD????óú×a?ùòòê3?·μ?ì??è

μ÷2é?á1???ê?￡?íêè??óêü?ò±è???óêü×a?ùòòê3?·μ???·?????±è?a53￡￥￡?±è??·′??oí??áò·′??×a?ùòòê3?·??16￡￥￡?3??Dá￠ì??èμ???±è27￡￥￡???×?ê±??±??ˉ￡???·?????óú×a?ùòòê3?·?óêü?è3ê???μμíì?ê??￡

8.ì??éó?·′??￡o

×a?ùòòê3?·?a?a?a?a?a????×?ò??-±???à′???àμ?è??ùêì?¤￡?óDμ?è?è??a?üo?￡?óDμ?è??ò3?óD?ˉé÷μ?ì??è￡????ò?ú2???3t×a?ùòòê3?·μ?o??μ???°￡?ê?2??á?áò×μ?è￥?à???üμ?o??μμ?￡?í¨1y?a′?????μ?±àD′￡??ò?§?áá????′?ùè￥?à??ê???μ?o??μ?￡?a?a?a?a????á?

í¨1y′?μ??D??D??§?°￡??ò?′μ?á?×a?ùòòê3?·μ?á???D??￡?üóDDí?àó?á?μ?ì?μ?￡??ü??·t·?×a?ùòòê3?·μ?2?à??·?ê￡?′?μ???2ú?￠???êá?μ?D§1??￡μ?óéóú??ê??T??￡?ò2′??ú×??′?aμ??￡o|D??￡?ùò?￡?×a?ùòòê3?·′óá?é?êD2￠2??ü???¨???éDDD??￡

?a?a?a?aíˉ2?

?aò?′???ìa±¨??μ?×?D′￡??a′?￡??ò?aμàá??aê2?′óDμ?è???×a?ùòòê3?·?3óDoü??μ???D?￡??-òòê??ùòò??×éμ???ê??12?1?o?￡?è???μ￡D?3?á?×a?ùòòê3?·?áòy·￠ò?D??22??￡

?a?a?a?a??3?

′?′?o?×÷μ÷2é￡?è??ò?aμàá?í??áμ?á|á?￡??úè?ê°2??e????￡??aá???±êè￥·ü?·?￡ò2è??ò?aμàá??§?°òaó?é??á???ü?áo?￡?êμ?ù?á?§μ??ü?à?aê??￡

?a?a?a?a???¨???a′????ˉ???ò???????￠μ￥μ÷μ????Déú????ìíá?ò?·Yà?è¤?￡í¨1y?a′????ˉ￡??ò??μ?êμ?ù?ˉê??üá|oíé??á?üá|μ?μ?á?′ó′óìá??￡????ò?ú??DDêμ?êμ÷2éμ?1y3ì?D·á??á??ò??μ???ía?aê?￡????ò???òé??áè??üDíè?2?·￠?1ìá1?á??ˉá|?￡?￡í?ò?oó?à?à2?ó??a?ùμ????ˉ￡?è?×??o?óêüμ??ü?àμ??íá??￡

?a?a?a?aoú??í¨1y?a′????ˉ￡??ò??×?·?êD3?á??aé??á￡?×???é??á?íá?á??ò??μ?′|àíê???ó?è???íùμ??üá|￡?í?ê±?úêμ?ù?Dè￥?××?μ÷2é·￠??￡?·á??éú????àú￡??1?§?áó??÷???÷?ùμ?·?·¨ó?ê???ò??°ò?D??§???aê??a??éú??μ??÷???êìa￡??ú×??ê?íμ÷2éê±￡??§?áá?è?o?ó?è???á÷￡?è?o?·￠?ò×?óDó?μ????μ￡?×?óDD§μ?D??￠￡?ò??°??è?à??2μ?ì??èμè?￡?ú?a3????ˉ?D×???òaμ?ê?í??ó??é?￡?í¨1yóDD§μ?·?1¤ó?o?×÷￡??úóD?Tμ?ê±??×?3?×?óDD§?ê×?óD???μμ?1¤×÷￡?Dèòa?ò??í??á?￥?ú?÷è··?1¤￡?2??ü°??a????ìa×?μ???é????à

?a?a?a?aì??óí¨1y?a′????ˉ￡??ò?Dêüμ?á?×??o?ˉê??üá|μ?2?×?￡?μ?ò2?úoí′ó?òμ???o????D?Dêüμ?á?í??áo?×÷μ??ìà?￡?ò?oóò??¨?y??2??óàà??μ????ˉ

?a?a?a?aà?òyoí′ó?òò??e2é×êá?á??a×a?ùòòê3?·￡??èè??ò?Dêüμ?á??§?°μ?à?è¤￡?ó?è??ò?ü?óé?è?μ?á??aá?×a?ùòòê3?·?￡??óú×a?ùòòê3?·￡??ò??2???òa?′μ??üóDà?μ?ò???￡?ò2òaá??a?üμ??￡o|￡??è2??ü1y?è??3aò22??ü1y?è??ó-￡?òaó?è???μ?·￠?1μ???1a?′′y?ü￡?·à?1?üμ??￡o|￡?à?ó??üóDà?μ?ò???

?a?a?a?aoú1?

?ú?a??í??óò??e?§?°oü?ìà?￡?è??ò?§μ?á?oü?à￡???è?1¤×÷oüà§??￡?μ??ò?????á3???à′á?￡?òò?aí??óμ?á|á?ê?×?′óμ??￡

?a?a?a?a??2????a′?ó?′ó?òμ?o?×÷￡?ê1?ò?ùò?′??Dêüμ?á??ˉì?μ?á|á?￡?′ó?òμ???á|è??ò?§?áá????ù?aá???±êè￥·ü?·?￡

?a?a?a?a?T?μμ??òoü?2??oí?ò??D?×éμ?í??§ò??e??á|￡??aμ?ê?í?ò?????±ê￡?ò?í?·??í×???á|′?à′μ??D??￡??a?D????μ?o?°?￡??òo??2???￡?′μ?á?í??§??è?????á|μ??ù×ó￡??ò?D???a???ˉì?ê?oüí??áμ??￡

?a?a?a?a3????ü

?ò?2??′ó?òò??e1¤×÷μ??é?°￡??ò?§μ?á?ò?D?óD1?óúéú??μ??aê?￡??-à′?a?ùò2?éò?à??1?ò??μ??aê?￡?·??é×??oμ?éíD??￡è?1?ò?oó?1óD?a?ùμ?o?×÷?ú?á￡??òò??¨?á?ü?ó??á|μ??￡

?a?a?a?a???????a′?μ??°×a?ùòòê3?·μ?°2è??êìa?±μ?μ÷2鱨??￡??ò??D?×é14è??ú12í?μ???á|??°?±¨??íê3éá?￡??D??ò2óD2?éùμ??èDáoío1??￡??òò2?§μ?á?oü?à￡??aμàá??§éúμ??1á|à′?′￡?ò2á??aá?è?o??o?a?1á|?￡?-1y?a′?±¨??è?á??aμ?á???è?μ?à?2??aí??ó￡?í??óò2à?2??a??è?￡???è??D??óD1y?ù33?￠óD1y??D|￡?μ??òòàè???μ?oü3?êμ￡?ò2???òá???á?Dí?àμ???ò?￡?ò2è??ò??μ?ó?òê?ü?óμ?é?o?￡??ò?àD?è?1??1óD??ò?′?￡??ò??í??óò??¨?á×?μ??üo??￡

?a?a?a?a3?????′?×??ào?μ???í??¤2a?′à′￡??ò???ùò22??áμ￡D???ò?μ??￡o|￡??ò??3?μ?ê3?·??ê?D??êμ?￡??ò??μ?ê3?·2??á?ìè±??ò2Díì??ò2?è???Dè??ììoèò?±-ì?êaμ??￡?ì?í?éò?213?òèμo??￡?ò2Dí?ò???á??μ??à????1?°ú?úò?μêà?3?ê?￡?21??μ??￠21ìúμ??￠???D?°μ??￠?12???μ???oüóD?é?ü￡?×a?ùòòê3?·?áè??ò??μ??÷ìì2óà??T±è?￡

?a?a?a?aê?3?

9.??D?￡o

D￠??í?êé1Y

D￠??3?êD

°ù?è°ù??°ù?è???a

??×a?ùòòê3?·￡?ììê1?1ê??§1í?·ò??????D1úè???′ó?§3?°?é?

??×a?ùòò???ù￡o21êà?í?D1úá?ê3°2è?±￡?à???·1?D?á???

10.????￡o

×a?ùòòê3?·°2è?μ?μ÷2é?ê?í￡o

ì?±í?μ?÷￡o±??ê?í?÷òaμ÷2é1??ú1?óú×a?ùòòμ?è?ê?￡??a?????ê?í￡?2??á???ú?ì3éè?o?ó°?ì￡??DD??úμ???o??￡×￡?úò??D?3à?￡?×￠òaê???￡o±??ê?í3y?÷è·±ê3??a?à??ía￡????ü?ù?aμ￥???￡

?úμ?D?±e￡o￡¨￡?

a?Db??

?úμ??êá???￡o￡¨￡?

a18ò???b18-40c41-60d61ò?é?

?úμ??§àú￡o￡¨￡?

a3??Dò???b???Doíר??c±???d?D??éú

4￡??úμ???ê?è?￡o￡¨￡?

a?′2000?ab2000-5000?ac5000-10000?ad10000ò?é?

5.?ú???°′óê?μ??°òμ￡o￡¨￡?

a????b1¤è?c?óê?òμμ￥??1¤×÷è??±d??óa?óò