Unit3AgricultureTechnologyUNIT3AgricultureTechnologyWarmingUpIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingPracticalReadingComparativeReadingFurtherReadingLearningObjectivesBytheendofthisunit,you’llbeableto:?describetheequipmentandtechnologiesappliedinsmartfarming?outlinethechallengesfacedbytransgenictreeengineering?efficientlyreadsafetyinstructionsinanoperator’smanual?describetheapplicationoftheBeidousysteminChineseagriculture?knowhowtoconvertpartsofspeechintranslation?discussissuesonagriculturetechnologyTaskHerearesometechnologiesandmachinesusedinmodernagriculture.Matchthepictureswiththeirnames.()1combineharvester()2remotemonitoringsystem()3agriculturalrobot()4droneWarmingUpDACBIndustriesingeneralarebecomingincreasinglyintelligent,data-drivenandautomated,andagricultureisnoexception.Utilizingsmarttechnologiesinfarmingcanbringaboutincreasedproductivity,lowercostsandgreaterfoodquality.Thisiswhymoreandmorefarmersaretransformingtheirinfrastructurestomakewayforsophisticatedequipmentandtechnologiessuchassensors,drones,artificialintelligence(AI)technologiesandautomaticdevicestomaketheirjobseasierandbusinessesmoreprofitable.TheagricultureindustryisturningtotheInternetofThings(IoT)totakefarmingpotentialtothenextlevel,meetingthedemandsoftoday’sgrowingpopulation.IoT-enabledsensorsplacedacrossthelandhelpwithsoilmoistureandtemperaturemonitoringforbetterconservationofresourcessuchaswaterandfertilizer.譯IntensiveReadingSmartfarmingforbetterfoodDronesandothergadgetshelpfarmersmonitortheconditionoftheirlandbyviewingitfromupabove.Animalsaretrackedandcropsobservedclosely,providingagricultureproducersbetterknowledgeoftheirfields.Farmers,therefore,canmakemoreinformeddecisionsthatpositivelyimpacttheirproduce.AIisdrivingefficiencyofagriculturalactivitiesbysimultaneouslyincreasingfoodproductionanddecreasingwaste.ByapplyingAItechnologies,farmerscanreceiveaccurateweatherforecasts,managetheirfarmsorfieldsscientificallyandeliminateweedswithouthurtingcrops.AI-drivenequipmentspeedsupproductionwithminimalhumaninvolvement,freeingupthefarmer’stimetoanalyzereal-timedata.譯IntensiveReadingSustainableforestrySmartfarmingforbetterfoodAutomationinsmartfarminghasahugeimpactonthespeedandqualityofthework.Driverlesstractors,forexample,arerevolutionizingthefarmingindustrybyallowingfarmerstocontroltheirfleetremotely,whichsimplifiestheirworkandaddressesthefarmlaborshortagethatisontheriseinthisindustrytosomeextent.ThesteadyrateatwhichsmarttechnologiesliketheIoTandAIaredrivingchangeinfarmingistrulyimpressive.Smartfarmingisapromisingsolutiontomakegreateramountsoffoodandfeedthegrowingpopulationonthisplanet.譯IntensiveReadingSustainableforestrySmartfarmingforbetterfood

Wordsutilize

v.利用，使用infrastructure

n.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施sophisticated

adj.復(fù)雜的，精密的，尖端的drone

n.無人機gadget

n.（設(shè)計精巧的）小機械simultaneously

adv.同步地eliminate

v.消除minimal

adj.極小的，極少的involvement

n.參與revolutionize

v.給……帶來革命fleet

n.車隊simplify

v.使簡單，簡化address

v.設(shè)法解決，處理IntensiveReading

Expressionsmakewayfor

給······讓路InternetofThings(IoT)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)tosomeextent在某種程度上IntensiveReading1Whatbenefitscansmarttechnologiesinfarmingbringabout?2

Whatequipmentandtechnologiesareutilizedinsmartfarming?IntensiveReadingSmarttechnologiesinfarmingcanbringaboutincreasedproductivity,lowercostsandgreaterfoodquality.Sophisticatedequipmentandtechnologiessuchassensors,drones,artificialintelligence(AI)technologiesandautomaticdevicesareutilizedinsmartfarming.ReadingcomprehensionTask1

Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.3

HowdoesAIhelpfarmerswithagriculturalactivities?4Whataretheadvantagesofdriverlesstractors?IntensiveReadingAIisdrivingefficiencyofagriculturalactivitiesbysimultaneouslyincreasingfoodproductionanddecreasingwaste.Driverlesstractorsallowfarmerstocontroltheirfleetremotely,whichsimplifiestheirworkandaddressesthefarmlaborshortagethatisontheriseinthisindustrytosomeextent.ReadingcomprehensionTask1

Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.VocabularybuildingTask2

Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary.1Theirconcernwasnotonlywithsoil

,butalsowiththeshortageoflaborandcapital.2Technologyinfarminghas

thewaywemanageourfarms.3Theearthquakehas

greatlyonthelandscape.4Itisexpectedthatthegovernmentwillsoonannouncenewpoliciesto

theproblem.5Farmersmustconsiderhowbestto

theresourcestheyhave.IntensiveReadingconservationtransformedimpactedaddressutilize6Itisbelievedthatsmartfarmingcan

protecttheenvironmentandimprovetheeconomicbenefitofagriculture.7AIhasnotbeenusedtoitsfull

inagriculture.8Fortunately,thestormcausedonly

damagetothefield.IntensiveReadingsimultaneouslypotentialminimalVocabularybuildingTask2

Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary.Task3

Studythemembersofthewordfamiliesintheboxesandthencompleteeachofthesentenceswithawordorwordsfromthem.Thefirstletterhasbeengiven.1Whenthesoilisdry,more

islostfromthecropsandsomemeasuresshouldbetakentokeepthesoil

.2Agoodheadandan

handareworthgoldinanyland.3Driverlesstractorsarenotfully

andrequireadrivertobeatthecontrolsatalltimes.IntensiveReadingmoisturemoistindustriousautomaticTask3

Studythemembersofthewordfamiliesintheboxesandthencompleteeachofthesentenceswithawordorwordsfromthem.Thefirstletterhasbeengiven.4

isanissuewhichgetsalotofattentionthesedays—whetheritmeanspreservingoldbuildingsorprotectingtheenvironment.5An

approachisusedtoanalyzetheimpactofthefloodontheregion’sagriculture.IntensiveReadingConservationanalyticalDiscussionTask4AIisanimportanttechnologyusedinsmartfarming.DiscussinyourgrouphowAIcanbeusedinagriculture.Herearesometipstohelpyou.AIcanfacilitateagricultureinanalyzingmarketdemand/managingrisks/breedingseeds/monitoringsoilhealth/protectingcrops/harvestingcrops…IntensiveReading課IntensiveReading各行各業(yè)正變得越來越智能化、數(shù)據(jù)化和自動化，農(nóng)業(yè)也不例外。在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中利用智能技術(shù)可以提高生產(chǎn)率、降低成本和提高食品質(zhì)量。這就是為什么越來越多的農(nóng)民正在改造他們的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以便能夠使用傳感器、無人機、人工智能（AI）技術(shù)和自動化裝置等先進設(shè)備和技術(shù)。這些設(shè)備和技術(shù)可以提高工作效率和企業(yè)效益。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)正在轉(zhuǎn)向物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（IoT），以將農(nóng)業(yè)潛力提升到新的水平，滿足當(dāng)今日益增長的人口需求。遍布在耕地里的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器有助于監(jiān)測土壤濕度和溫度，從而在水資源和肥料等資源的利用方面更加環(huán)保。

智慧農(nóng)業(yè)助力食品發(fā)展課IntensiveReading無人機和其他小機械裝置幫助農(nóng)民從高空監(jiān)控土地狀況。通過跟蹤動物和密切觀察作物，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者可以更好地了解自己的田地。因此，農(nóng)民可以做出更明智的決定，從而促進農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。人工智能在增加糧食產(chǎn)量的同時減少了浪費，由此提高了農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)的效率。通過應(yīng)用人工智能技術(shù)，農(nóng)民可以獲得準(zhǔn)確的天氣預(yù)報，科學(xué)地管理農(nóng)場或田地，并在不傷害作物的情況下清除雜草。人工智能驅(qū)動的設(shè)備可以加快生產(chǎn)速度，只需極少的人工參與，從而騰出農(nóng)民的時間來分析實時數(shù)據(jù)。

智慧農(nóng)業(yè)助力食品發(fā)展課IntensiveReading智慧農(nóng)業(yè)中的自動化對工作的速度和質(zhì)量影響巨大。例如，無人駕駛拖拉機正在徹底改變農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，農(nóng)民可以遠程控制車隊，從而簡化了繁瑣的工作，并在一定程度上解決了這一行業(yè)日益嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)場勞動力短缺問題。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和人工智能等智能技術(shù)推動農(nóng)業(yè)變革的穩(wěn)定速度確實令人震驚。農(nóng)業(yè)智能化是生產(chǎn)更多糧食、養(yǎng)活地球上日益增長的人口的一個前景廣闊的解決方案。

智慧農(nóng)業(yè)助力食品發(fā)展Whytransgenictrees?Climatechangeandincreasinginternationalcommerceandtravelhaveallowednon-nativepestsanddiseasestoenterprimevalforests.Thereisgrowingconcernaboutthehealthofforestsinthefaceofthosedisasters.Geneticengineeringseemstobeanidealmethodtorescuetheforests.Formorethanthreedecades,USfarmershavebeengrowinggeneticallyengineeredcrops.Researchersare,therefore,pushingtomovethetechnologyfromfarmtoforestbyreleasingtransgenictrees—engineeredtocarrygenesthatwouldmakethemresistanttopests—intothewild.Unfortunately,researchandregulatorychallengestosuchgeneticallymodifiedtreescouldmakethattransitionharder.Transgenictreesfacerockypathfromfarmtoforest譯ExtensiveReadingResearchchallengesCommercialinterestsarealreadyhamperingscientificworkontransgenictrees.Fewcompanieswillallowtransgenictreestobeplantedontheirlandbecausedoingsocouldmakethemlosetheircertification.Manykeyconsumers,suchashomedecorationstores,willnotbuywoodwithoutsuchcertification,whichisintendedtodemonstratethatthewoodwasharvestedresponsibly.RegulatorychallengesThereareseveralchallengesthatareuniquetoforests.Unlikecrops,whicharetypicallyharvestedafterafewmonths,engineeredtreeswouldpersistintheenvironmentfordecades,andtheycouldmigrateundetectedacrossnationalborders.Somemodifiedtreescouldevenescaperegulationsaltogether,assomeengineeredcropshavealreadydone,becauseofgapsintherulesfortransgeniccrops.TransgenictreesfacerockypathfromfarmtoforestExtensiveReading譯ExtensiveReadingOtherproblemsResearchersarealsoskepticalaboutusinggeneticallymodifiedtreestocombatarborealdiseases.Diseaseresistanceisoftencontrolledbysmallcontributionsfromhundredsoreventhousandsofgenes,andthat’stoomanytotackleusinggeneticengineering.Givensuchuncertainties,thetimesavingscreatedbyengineeringdisease-resistantplants—ratherthanbreedingthemconventionall—mightbeoverestimated.Thoughtransgenictreesseemtohaveabrightfuture,therearemanychallengeslyingaheadtobetackled.AsforestsarethelungsofEarth,governmentsandindustriesshouldpayattentiontoforesthealthandmakeeffortstominimizetheinfluencesofclimatechange,pestsanddiseasesonforests.Transgenictreesfacerockypathfromfarmtoforest譯

Wordstransgenic

adj.轉(zhuǎn)基因的primeval

adj.原始的release

v.放出，釋放regulatory

adj.監(jiān)管的，管理的transition

n.轉(zhuǎn)變，過渡commercial

adj.商業(yè)的hamper

v.阻礙，妨礙certification

n.證書persist

v.繼續(xù)存在migrate

v.遷徙，移棲undetected

adj.未被注意的combat

v.防止，抑制arborealadj.樹木的，棲于樹木的breed

v.培育conventionally

adv.傳統(tǒng)地overestimate

v.對······估計過高ExtensiveReading

Expressionsgeneticallyengineered/modified轉(zhuǎn)基因的homedecorationstore家裝店beskepticalaboutsth對某事持懷疑態(tài)度ExtensiveReading?1Transgenictreeshaveexistedformorethanthreedecades.?2Scientificresearchontransgenictreeshasbeenhinderedduetolackoffinancialsupport.?3Transgenictreesaremoreriskythantransgeniccropsastheycanliveintheenvironmentlonger.?4Geneticmodificationisthebestsolutiontotacklechallengesfrompestsordiseasesamongtrees.ReadingcomprehensionTask1Readthetextanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).ExtensiveReadingFTTFVocabularybuildingTask2Theprefix“trans-”hasthreedifferentmeanings.Identifythemeaningsoftheprefix“trans-”inthefollowingsentencesandchoosetherightonefortheitalicizedword(s)ineachsentence.ExtensiveReading1Withthistechnology,farmerswillbeabletosowseedsdirectly,ratherthanhavingto

transplantseedlings.2Withmoretransbordercommerce,travelandtransactions,cropdiseasescanbe

transmittedmoreeasilyandwidely.VocabularybuildingTask2Theprefix“trans-”hasthreedifferentmeanings.Identifythemeaningsoftheprefix“trans-”inthefollowingsentencesandchoosetherightonefortheitalicizedword(s)ineachsentence.ExtensiveReading3Thereisanincreasingtendencyforthesecompaniestobecome

transnationalfirms.4Topreservetheintactnessofthefarm,hetransferredittooneheir5Thetranslationoftheoriginal

transcriptcouldgreatlyinfluencetheeffectofinternationalcommunication.VocabularybuildingTask2Theprefix“trans-”hasthreedifferentmeanings.Identifythemeaningsoftheprefix“trans-”inthefollowingsentencesandchoosetherightonefortheitalicizedword(s)ineachsentence.ExtensiveReadingCABCACCC1Organicallygrowncropsdonotdiffergreatlyinappearancefromcropsgrowninatraditionalway.(conventionally)2

Theracoonescapedthroughthebasementwindowwithnoonenoticingit.(undetected)ExtensiveReadingOrganicallygrowncropsdonotdiffergreatlyinappearancefromcropsgrownconventionally.Theracoonescapedthroughthebasementwindowundetected.Task3

Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingthewordsinbrackets.3Thesebirdswilltravelsouthwardinwinter.(migrate)4

Thepestsandweedsinthefieldmakeitdifficultforcropstogrow.(hamper)5

Theveryancientforestshaveagreatvarietyoffloraandfauna.(primeval)ExtensiveReadingThesebirdswillmigratesouthwardinwinter.Thepestsandweedsinthefieldhamperthegrowthofcrops.Task3

Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingthewordsinbrackets.Theprimevalforestshaveagreatvarietyoffloraandfauna.課ExtensiveReading為什么要研究轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木？為什么要研究轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木？氣候變化、日益增長的國際商貿(mào)活動和旅行使得非本地害蟲和疾病入侵到了原始森林。面對這些災(zāi)難，人們越來越擔(dān)心森林的健康。基因工程似乎是拯救森林的理想方法。三十多年來，美國農(nóng)民一直在種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物。因此，研究人員正通過在野外種植轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木（將樹木進行轉(zhuǎn)基因改造使之?dāng)y帶可抵抗害蟲的基因），推動轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)從農(nóng)場到森林的應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)移。遺憾的是，此類轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木面臨的研究和監(jiān)管挑戰(zhàn)可能會使這一轉(zhuǎn)變更加困難。轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木：從農(nóng)場到森林，前進之路充滿坎坷課ExtensiveReading研究挑戰(zhàn)商業(yè)利益已經(jīng)阻礙了轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木的科研工作。很少有公司會允許在其土地上種植轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木，因為這樣做可能會使他們失去認(rèn)證資格。眾多主要消費者，如家居裝飾店，不會購買這類未經(jīng)認(rèn)證的木材，因為沒有認(rèn)證則不能證明木材來源合理合法。監(jiān)管挑戰(zhàn)有一些挑戰(zhàn)是森林獨有的。農(nóng)作物通常只需長幾個月就可以收割，而轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木則不同，它們會在環(huán)境中存活數(shù)十年，而且可能跨越國界移棲而不被發(fā)現(xiàn)。一些轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木甚至可以完全逃脫監(jiān)管，就像一些轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物那樣，因為轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的管理規(guī)則中存在漏洞。轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木：從農(nóng)場到森林，前進之路充滿坎坷課ExtensiveReading其他問題研究人員還對利用轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木防治樹棲疾病持懷疑態(tài)度。抗病性通常由數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千個基因的微小貢獻控制，轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)無法處理數(shù)目如此多的基因。鑒于這些不確定性，人們可能高估了通過轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)培育抗病植物而非通過傳統(tǒng)育種所節(jié)省的時間。雖然轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木似乎前景光明，但還有許多挑戰(zhàn)有待解決。森林是地球之肺，各國政府和各行各業(yè)都應(yīng)關(guān)注森林健康，努力將氣候變化、病蟲害對森林的影響降到最低。轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木：從農(nóng)場到森林，前進之路充滿坎坷ThesafetysymbolandsignalwordsThisisthesafetysymbol.Whenyouseethissymbolonyourmachine,bealerttothepotentialofpersonalinjury.Asignalword—DANGER,WARNINGorCAUTION—isusedwiththesafetysymbol.DANGERidentifiesthemostserioushazards.PracticalReadingSafetyinstructionsforPRHmanurespreader400

譯Wearprotectiveclothinganddevices?Wearclose-fittingclothingandsafetyequipmentappropriatetothejob.?Wearasuitableprotectivehearingdevicesuchasearmuffsorearplugstoprotectagainstobjectionableoruncomfortablenoises.?Donotwearradioormusicheadphoneswhileoperatingthemachine.Operatethespreadersafely?Donotenteraspreaderinoperation.?Operatethespreaderfromthedriver’sseatonly.?Donotexceedtheloadcapacityofthespreader.?Reducespeedwhenmakingaturnortravelingonroughterrain.?Keepthespreaderingearwhentravelingdownhill.PracticalReadingSafetyinstructionsforPRHmanurespreader400譯Usesafetylights?Flashingwarninglightsandturnsignalsarerecommendedtoincreasevisibilitywheneverdrivingonpublicroads.Protectbystanders?Donotoperatethespreadernearpeople.?Donotplacerocks,timberorothersolidobjectsnearthespreader.Objectscanbethrowngreatdistances,causinginjurytopeople.Prepareforemergencies?Keepafirstaidkitandfireextinguisherhandy.?Setemergencynumbersfordoctors,ambulanceservices,thehospital,andthefiredepartmentonthetelephone.PracticalReadingSafetyinstructionsforPRHmanurespreader400譯PracticalReadinghazard

n.危險，隱患earmuffs

n.耳套earplug

n.耳塞objectionable

adj.令人不快的exceed

v.超過，超出rough

adj.粗糙的，不平的terrain

n.地形，地勢gearn.排擋，擋位flash

v.（使）閃光visibility

n.能見度bystandern.旁觀者handy

adj.手邊的，附近的WordsPracticalReadingmanurespreader撒肥機inoperation在運行中l(wèi)oadcapacity承載能力ingear掛著擋的firstaidkit急救箱fireextinguisher滅火器Expressions?1Dowearprotectivehearingdevicetogetridofuncomfortablenoises.?2Thedrivercanenteraspreaderinoperation.?3Flashingwarninglightsarenotrecommendedwhendrivingonpublicroads.?4Toprotectbystanders,solidobjectslikerocksshouldberemoved.?5Prepareafirstaidkitandfireextinguisherforemergencies.ReadingcomprehensionTask1Readthetextanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).PracticalReadingTFFTTPracticalReadingVocabularybuildingTask2Task2Trytoidentifythemeaningoftheitalicizedpolysemouswordsinthefollowingsentences.Matchthesentencewiththemeaningoftheitalicizedword.ab1)Donotoperatethespreadernear

people.2)Doctorswillhavetooperateonhiseyes.a.touseandcontrolamachineor

equipmentb.tocutintosomeone’sbodyinorderto

repairorremoveapartthatisdamagedPracticalReadingVocabularybuildingTask2Task2Trytoidentifythemeaningoftheitalicizedpolysemouswordsinthefollowingsentences.Matchthesentencewiththemeaningoftheitalicizedword.ba1)Donotplacerocks,timberorothersolidobjectsnearthespreader.2)Myobject

wastoexplainthedecisionsimply.a.

thepurposeofaplan,actionoractivityb.

asolidthingthatyoucanhold,touchorseebutthatisnotalivePracticalReadingVocabularybuildingTask2Task2Trytoidentifythemeaningoftheitalicizedpolysemouswordsinthefollowingsentences.Matchthesentencewiththemeaningoftheitalicizedword.ab1)Donot

wear

radioormusic

headphoneswhileoperatingthemachine.2)Hardlaboronthelandsoon

worethefarmerout.a.tohavesomethingsuchasclothes,shoesorjeweleryonyourbodyb.tobecomethinnerorweakerafter

continuoususe,ortomakesomethingdothis課PracticalReading安全標(biāo)志和標(biāo)識詞這是安全標(biāo)志。當(dāng)您在您的機器上看到此標(biāo)志時，請注意可能造成的人身傷害。標(biāo)識詞——危險、警告或小心——與安全標(biāo)志一起使用。危險標(biāo)識，表示最嚴(yán)重的危險。PRH400型撒肥機安全說明課PracticalReading穿戴防護服和防護裝置穿戴適合工作的貼身衣服和安全設(shè)備。佩戴合適的聽力保護裝置，如耳罩或耳塞，以隔絕令人反感或不舒服的噪音。操作機器時請不要戴收音機耳機或音樂耳機。安全操作撒肥機切勿在撒肥機作業(yè)時進入機器。只能在駕駛員座位上操作撒肥機。不要超過撒肥機的承載能力。轉(zhuǎn)彎或在崎嶇地形上行駛時應(yīng)降低速度。下坡行駛時，不要空擋滑行。PRH400型撒肥機安全說明課PracticalReading使用安全燈?在公共道路上行駛時，建議使用閃爍的警示燈和轉(zhuǎn)向燈來提高能見度。保護旁邊的人?請勿在靠近人群的地方操作撒肥機。?不要靠近撒肥機的地方放置石塊、木材或其他硬的物體。這些物體可能會被拋出很遠，誤傷他人。做好應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備?隨身攜帶急救箱和滅火器。?在手機上將醫(yī)生、救護車、醫(yī)院和消防隊的號碼設(shè)置為緊急號碼。PRH400型撒肥機安全說明ComparativeReadingAgriculturalroboticsisthelogicalproliferationofautomationtechnologyintodifferentaspectsofagriculture,improvingproductivityandsavinglabor.Itisreplacingcommontechniquestoperformthesametaskswithhighefficiency.Fromplantbreedingtofarmmonitoring,agriculturalrobotsaremakingcontributionsinmanyagriculturalactivities.Themainapplicationofrobotsinagriculturetodayisattheharvestingstage.Andtheemergingapplicationsofrobotsordronesareincontrollingweeds.譯

我的譯文Agriculturalrobotics農(nóng)業(yè)機器人技術(shù)是自動化技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)不同領(lǐng)域的合理推廣，它提高了生產(chǎn)率，節(jié)省了勞動力。該技術(shù)正在取代常見的技術(shù)，高效率地完成同樣的任務(wù)。從植物育種到農(nóng)場監(jiān)控，農(nóng)業(yè)機器人正在為許多農(nóng)業(yè)活動做貢獻。目前，機器人主要應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)的收割階段。雜草控制是機器人或無人機的新興應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。ComparativeReadingThemechanicaldesignofsucharobotincludesamanipulatorandanendeffector.Themanipulatorisanarm-likestructurejoinedtothebodyofarobotandisusedtoexecutetasks.Thusitisdesignedconsideringthetasktype,economicefficiencyandtherequiredmotions.Theendeffector,e.g.thegripper,isthedevicefoundattheendoftheroboticarm,anditisusedforvariousagriculturaloperations.Agriculturalrobotics農(nóng)業(yè)機器人的機械設(shè)計包含操縱器和末端執(zhí)行器。操縱器是連接在機器人身體上的、類似手臂的結(jié)構(gòu)，用于執(zhí)行任務(wù)。因此，操縱器的設(shè)計需要考慮到任務(wù)類型、經(jīng)濟效率以及所需的動作。而末端執(zhí)行器，例如夾持器,則是位于機械臂，末端用來完成各項農(nóng)業(yè)操作的裝置。參考譯文ComparativeReadingApplyingroboticstoagricultureisbothenergy-savingandcost-effectiveforfarmers.Themobilerobotsandflyingrobotsthatareexclusivelyusedinagriculturecanaidfarmersintendingcrops,pickingfruitandevenkeepinganimals.However,sometimesagriculturalrobotsalsoneedhumaninteractiontosolvecomplexissues.將機器人科技應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)能為農(nóng)民節(jié)省精力和節(jié)約成本。農(nóng)業(yè)專用的移動機器人和飛行機器人能夠協(xié)助農(nóng)民照管莊稼、采摘水果，甚至養(yǎng)殖動物。然而，農(nóng)業(yè)機器人有時也需要人機交互來解決復(fù)雜問題。參考譯文AgriculturalroboticsTranslationTipsIntranslation,onepartofspeechinthesourcelanguagecanbeconvertedintoanotherpartofspeechinthetargelanguage.Thepurposeofconversionistoconveythemeaningoftheoriginaltextusingnaturalexpressionsinthetranslatedtextdespitethegrammaticaldifferencesoflanguages.Conversioncantakeplaceamongallpartsofspeechincludingnouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandprepositions.ComparativeReadingTranslationTipsComparativeReadingThefarmhasbeeninoperationformanyyears.這家農(nóng)場已經(jīng)經(jīng)營多年了。（conversionofthenounintotheverb）

ItisourgreatpleasuretonotethatChinahasmadegreatprogressinapplyingmoderntechnologyinagriculture.我們很高興看到中國在農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的應(yīng)用方面取得了長足的進步。（conversionofthenounintotheadjective）Independentobservershavecommentedpositivelythedevelopmentinsmartfarming.獨立觀察員對智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展給予了高度評價。（conversionoftheverbintothenoun）ExampleFurtherReadingBest-knownforitshigh-precisionpositioningservice,China’sindependently-developedBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemisusedinarangeofagriculturalprocessesincludingplowing,sowing,harvesting,strawtreatmentanddroughtresistancework.Nationwide,around600,000machineshadbeenequippedwiththeBeidousystembytheendof2021,accordingtotheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairs.

InHubeiProvincealone,theBeidousystemhasbeeninstalledon27,407farmmachinesin3,885agriculturalcooperatives(合作社).Withthesystem,agriculturalmachinerycannowoperateau