課時作業(yè)(二)[基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ單詞拼寫1．(·浙江高考)Theprinciplefordealingwithpraiseistoconsiderthe(聯(lián)系)betweenpraiseandeffort.答案：link2．Thedriverofthecrashedcarreceived(多處)injuries.答案：multiple3．The(統(tǒng)計數(shù)字)forthenumberofpatientsgettingCOVID－19(新冠肺炎)werefallingdaybyday.答案：statistics4．(·北京高考)Whoisto(責(zé)怪)fortheproblemofrobocalls?答案：blame5．Sheispreparinga(豐盛的)mealforhisreturn.答案：substantial6．Thedamagedareaisexaminedunderam.答案：microscope7．(·浙江高考)Sheshishonestyabouthisstatement.答案：suspected8．Peanutsaredeliciousbothrandcooked.答案：raw9．Maryhadtoworkextrahourstohelpcoverhexpenses.答案：household10．Iturnedthehandfoundthedoorwasopen.答案：handleⅡ單句語法填空1．Theanswerstothisquestionwerevariousand(contradict).答案：contradictory2．It'snotrighttomakeadecisionwithout(investigate)andstudy.答案：investigation3．Air,water,clothingandinsectsareallmeansof(infect).答案：infection4．Mysuggestioniswepaytheguideaccordingly.答案：that5．“Wecansolveourownproblemsandno(intervene),please，”hecontinued.答案：intervention6．Iprefer(purely)watertocoffeeatanytime.答案：pure7．Hisbloodpressurehaddropped(severe).答案：severely8．Yourlifewouldget(transform)afterthisevent.答案：transformed9．Johnbroughttheabsolute(prove)thatweneeded.答案：proof10．Populationgrowthis(decrease)by1.4%eachyear.答案：decreasingⅢ單句寫作1．我從來不贊同顧客永遠(yuǎn)是對的這種理論。Ineverthetheorythatthecustomerisalwaysright.答案：subscribeto2．這種水泵的主要特點是操作簡便。Themaincharacteristicofthisiseasytooperate.答案：waterpump3．多虧近來的研究才有了有效的療法。recentresearch,effectivetreatmentsareavailable.答案：Thanksto4．鐘南山院士向我們解釋了新冠肺炎是如何擴(kuò)散開來的。NAZhongNanshanexplainedtousCOVID－19.答案：how;spread5．但事實是，這種情況只會發(fā)生在一小部分病人身上。Butthishappensforonlyaminorityofpatients.答案：thetruthisthat[思維訓(xùn)練]閱讀A(·河北省石家莊新華區(qū)高二檢測)DoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyhavealreadyknowntheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettleforeq\a\vs4\al(P)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresent－dayeq\a\vs4\al(W1)understandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.AndtheseunderstandingssetasidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationseq\a\vs4\al(W2)ofscience.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。最簡單的想法都可能動搖科學(xué)的根基，因此作者建議我們要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它非常簡單。1．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin.A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．a(chǎn)lwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC．thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD．didn'tgetonwellwithothers答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中并沒有說查爾斯·達(dá)爾文是哪個國家的科學(xué)家，可排除A；文中說法是別人認(rèn)為達(dá)爾文的許多實驗太簡單不值得做，可排除B；文中沒有論述達(dá)爾文與別人相處的情況，可排除D。由第三段最后一句可知答案為C。2．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“”．A．throwaway B．storeupC．puttouse D．realize答案：A詞義猜測題。由上文可知作者認(rèn)為做這個簡單的實驗是重要的，它解釋了目前人們對于物理方面的部分理解。因此此處意為這些理解“推翻”了一些古希臘物理學(xué)的觀點。由此可推知setaside與throwaway同義。3．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto.A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus答案：D推理判斷題。文章最后一段點明作者的觀點：最簡單的想法都可能動搖科學(xué)的根基，即告訴讀者要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它非常簡單。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.B．Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.C．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，有些人認(rèn)為達(dá)爾文做了愚蠢的實驗。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．present－dayadj.當(dāng)今的2.foundationn.基礎(chǔ)eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)settlefor滿足于B(·山東省新泰市高二月考)LouisPasteurwasaworld－famousFrenchchemistandbiologisteq\a\vs4\al(W1).Heisparticularlyfamousforhisworkonrabiesvaccine.Therabiesvirusentersthebodythroughthebiteofaninfectedanimalorthroughinfectedsalivaenteringanexistingeq\a\vs4\al(W2)wound.Afterexperimentingwiththesalivaofanimalssufferingfromthedisease,Pasteurconcludedthatthediseaserestsinthecentralnervoussystemofthebody.Bystudyingthetissuesofinfectedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)animals—rabbits,Pasteurwasabletoproduceaformofthevirus.Thiscouldbeusedforinoculation.OnJuly6,1885,Pasteurtestedhispioneeringrabiesvaccineonamanforthefirsttime.HesavedthelifeofayoungmancalledJosephMeisterwhohadbeenbittenbyarabiddog.Pasteurwasurgedtotreateq\a\vs4\al(P1)himwithhisnewmethod.Thetreatmentlasted10daysandattheendherecoveredandremainedhealthy.Sincethenthousandshavebeensavedbythistreatment.OnMarch1886,PasteurwasinvitedtopresenthisresultstotheAcademyofSciencesandin1888wentontofoundthePasteurInstituteinParis.Thiswasapioneeringclinicforthestudyofinfectiousdiseases,thetreatmentofrabiesandacentreforteaching.Pasteurdirectedtheinstitutepersonallyuntilhedied.ThePasteurInstituteisstilloneofthemostimportantcentresintheworld.Pasteurbecameanationalheroandwashonoredinmanyways.HediedatSaint－CloudonSeptember28,1895andwasgivenastatefuneraleq\a\vs4\al(P2)attheCathedralofNotreDame.ModificationsofthePasteurmethodarestillusedinrabiestreatmenttoday.Anewervaccinewhichcontainsviruspreparedfromhumancellsgrowninthelaboratoryissaferandrequiresashortercourseofinjections.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了著名的化學(xué)家和生物學(xué)家路易斯·巴斯德在狂犬病治療方面的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。5．Apersoncandeveloprabies.A．ifheisbittenbyarabbitB．ifhetouchesinfectedsalivaC．ifinfectedsalivaentershiswoundsD．ifhetouchesaninfectedanimal答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，人類感染狂犬病的途徑有兩種，一種是被已傳染的動物咬傷；另一種是通過傳染性唾液進(jìn)入傷口。C項對應(yīng)的是第二種途徑。6．Rabiesprobablycandestroyaperson's.A．nervoussystem B．bloodC．skin D．saliva答案：A推理判