初中英語被動語態深度講解語態的基本概念和種類語態是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。所以英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。 語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主語是動作的發出者為主動語態；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。女口：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.（一）被動語態的構成被動語態由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。一般現在時：am/is/are+taughtSheoftenwaterstheflowers.Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher 'Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld一般過去時：was/were+taughtWas/weredoneWevisitedaformyesterday.Aformwasvisitedyesterdaybyus.thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.Hewassavedatlast.Mybikewasstolen.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年一般將來時：will/shallbe+taughtAm/is/aregoingtobedoneShewillplantsometreesthisweek.sometreeswillbeplantedthisweek.ourclassisgoingtoholdapartythismorning.ApartyisgoingtobeheldthiseveningbyourclassAnewroadwillbebuiltnextyear現在進行時：am/is/arebeing+taught過去進行時：was/werebeingdoneHeisreadinganovel.AnovelisbeingreadTheproblemwasbeingdiscussednowThemachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.現在完成時：have/hasbeen+taught歌訣是：被動語態be字變，過去分詞跟后面Wehavefinishedthework.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinishedbyus.6情態動詞的被動語態是常考的一個知識點：情態動詞 +be+過去分詞HecanspeakEnglishEnglishcanbespokenbyhimWeshouldplantmoretreesonthemountainMoretreesshouldbeplantedonthemountainYoumustfinishedyourhomeworkintimeyourhomeworkmustbefinishedfinishedintime（三）主動語態變被動語態的方法與注意事項歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后過分”來使用。通常的辦法是：將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，將主動結構中的謂語動詞變為“be/get過去分詞”形式，將主動結構中的主語變為介詞 by的賓語(若動作的執行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該 by短語)。如：LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.—ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.\—ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha這些機器是長沙造的。將含有復合賓語的句子變為被動語態時，應將賓語變為被動結構的主語，而賓語的補足語則留在原處成為主語補足語。如：Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday. —Thedoorwaspaintedgreer!昨天sterday.門被漆成綠色了。注意：表示使、讓”的動詞make,have等，以及感官動詞see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，感官動詞或使役動詞的主動語態后跟不帶 to不定式作賓語補足語，但變為被動語態時，須轉為帶 to不定式。女口：Isawabagdropfromthebus.—Abagwasseentodropfromthebus.Mothermadeherbabysleepinherarms.—Thebabywasmadetosleepinhermother 'sarms.Isawhimgointotheteachersoffice.'—Hewasseentogointotheteachersoffice.'看見他進入了教師辦公室。Weoftenhearhersinginthenextroom.Sheisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursadayTheyweremsdetoworkfor16hoursadaysbytheboss帶雙賓語的句子變為被動語態時，既可將直接賓語變為被動語態的主語，而在間接賓語前加to或for留在動詞之后；也可將間接賓語變為被動結構的主語，而直接賓語留在動詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.—Iwasgiventhepenlastyear.Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.這支筆是去年給我的。Heboughtmeabook=abookwasboughtformebyhim直接賓語和間接賓語都可作被動語態的主語。如：Mr.Smithgaveusalecture.—WeweregivenalecturebyMr.Smith.或---AlecturewasgivenbyMr.Smith.當句中含有return,write,find,buy等動詞時，常把直接賓語轉為被動語態的主語，同時要注意介詞的搭配。 女口：Ireturnedhimthebook.—Thebookwasreturnedtohim.(注意用to)Hewrotemeashortnote.—Ashortnotewaswrittentome.注意用to)Hefoundmeanumbrella.—Anumbrellawasfoundforme.注意用for)Iboughthersomeflowers.—Someflowerswereboughtforher. (注意用for)【說明】一般說來，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等;間接賓語前帶for的動詞有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,sav等。動詞believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,th等的被動語態，常有兩種結構形式。如：Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident人們說他在車禍中受傷了。Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人們說他在車禍中受傷了。短語動詞變被動語態時，短語動詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略，短語動詞應當看作一個整體。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她從未動過手術。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的計劃大家都嘲笑。Wecan'tookdownuponanybody.—Anybodycan'belookeddownupon.Thedoorkeeperturnsoffthelightsat11pmeveryday.—Thelightsareturnedoffat11pmbythedoorkeepereveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.(6)動詞不定式的被動語態：即把todo變成tobedone(五)不用被動語態的情況不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.如,Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。昔)Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對）Thepricehasrisen.（錯）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（對）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（錯）Thepricehasraised.（對）Thepricehasbeenraised.（錯）Pleaseseat.（對）Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。 解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。2）動詞形式上是被動的，但實際上是 系動詞+表語”結構，一般學習方法是靠平時積累。如：Heisseatedatthedesk.他坐在桌旁。Theboywaslostinthestreet. 男孩在街上迷路了。Thegirlisdressedinaredskirt.這個女孩穿著紅裙子。Hewasdrunkinthebar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。Mydreamisgonewiththewind. 我的夢隨風而去了。3） 當break,wash,sell,burn,read,clean,run,ride,wear,write,open,cloS等動詞有狀語修飾時，用主動形式表示被動意義。Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易碎。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很好洗。Thisnewbooksellswell.新書很暢銷。Drywoodburnseasily.干柴易燃。Theletterreadsasfollows.信的內容如下。Theglasscleanseasily.這些杯子易洗。Thenewcarrunswell.這輛新車跑得很正常。Mynewbikerideswell.我的新自行車很好騎。Theshoeswearlong.這種鞋子很耐穿。Thepenwritessmoothly.這筆寫起來很流暢。Theshopopensat9amandclosesat9pm4） 不能用于被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如,Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.5） 系動詞無被動語態：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.Thefoodlooksnicebuttastesbad.Yourpikansoundsgood.6） 帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.7)當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態。(對)Shelikestoswim.(錯)Toswimislikedbyher.二、復習時需要注意的要點由主動語態改為被動語態的步驟：主動語態中的賓語變為被動語態句中的主語；主動語態句中的動詞改為相應的被動語態；主動語態句中的主語變為被動語態句中 by的賓語。主動語態句中的謂語動詞帶有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語時，轉換方法有兩種：把間接賓語轉化為主語，保留直接賓語把直接賓語轉化為主語，保留間接賓語。此時，一般需在間接賓語前加適當的介詞。在短語seesb.dosth.中，動詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補。改為被動語態時要加上to。用于這一結構的謂語動詞一般是表示知覺的動詞如 see,hear等，以及使役動詞make,let等。［小試］用括號中動詞的適當形式填空。TheMid-AutumnFestival (celebrate)in ChinaI (ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.Booksofthiskind (sell)verywell.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,theroom (paint).Theboy (bringup)inthecountryside.Agoodjob melastyear.(offer)初中英語被動語態專項練習()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry. .A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold( )8Anewhouse atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftBillbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )13Thesepapers yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?( )16 thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are( )17 thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook ?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby( )20Where theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater( )22Thebooksmay fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended( )24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25Theplay atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown( )26Theoldstonebridge nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazines inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot for hotwater.A.used;keeping B.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29Tea inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridges twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoften upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapot water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()340ldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust .A.lookafterwell B.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafter D.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabies inhospital.A.aretakengoodcare B.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareof D.takegoodcare()37Theywere atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38Thesewalls stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39Jane tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepapers tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoat hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42I fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcare suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetaking D.shouldbetakenof()44Shewill goodcare .A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehim hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboy streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildren dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestones well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitD.isfitted()49Thebike 500yuan.A.wascost