Unit4SpaceExplorationGrammar2Step1.Leadin---PairworkLookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicizedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctions.1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot..2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace..作目的狀語作目的狀語33.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace..Summary:1.不定式的結構：to+do原形。2.分析上面的句子，我們知道在描述太空探索時，動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的，還可以用來作定語，表修飾。作目的狀語作定語PresentationYangLiweithoughtlittleofhispersonallifetofocusonhiswork.Tianwen-1isChina'sfirstmissiontolandonMars.動詞不定式作定語和狀語1.動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語,表示尚未發生的動作。Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.讓我們給他一些吃的東西。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.今晚我們有很多作業要做。Step2.動詞不定式用作定語2.名詞前有first,last,next,only等詞以及最高級修飾時,其后要用動詞不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一個在奧運會中贏得金牌的女性。3.抽象名詞attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代詞something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語。ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。4.當名詞與定語之間存在動賓關系時。Iusuallyhavealotofmeetingstoattend.我通常有很多會議要參加。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.她是一個很好的合作伙伴。5.當名詞與定語之間存在主謂關系時。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我們必須找到一個人來做這項工作。Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.我們需要有人去請醫生。6.當名詞與定語有同位關系時。Wegottheordertoleavethecity.我們接到了離開這個城市的命令。(1)Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

(2)Doyouhaveanything_____(do)tonight?

(3)Thebestway__________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.

tobecompletedtodotoimproveStep3Practice動詞不定式在句中作狀語,主要用來修飾動詞和形容詞,也可用來修飾副詞。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語、條件狀語等,可表示目的、原因及結果等。1.目的狀語,置于句首或句末,置于句首時常表示強調。為加強語氣,常與inorder或soas組成短語。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.一群年輕人聚在一起討論這個問題。Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.為了幫助他,我們將盡我們所能。Step4動詞不定式作狀語不定式作目的狀語(1)不定式作目的狀語時,其動作通常遲于謂語動詞的動作。Isaidthattoencouragehim.我這么說是為了鼓勵他。(2)置于句首時只用todo/inordertodo。如用于表示否定,inorder或soas不能省略,用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.我安靜地走路,以免打擾嬰兒。(3)不定式作目的狀語可轉換為sothat/inorderthat或so...that...引導的目的狀語從句。Heworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.→Heworkedsohardthathecouldpasstheexam.→Heworkedhardsothat/inorder

thathecouldpasstheexam.他非常努力以便能通過考試。2.原因狀語,多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結構句中。Iwasverysadtohearthenews.聽到這個消息我很難過。3.結果狀語,多見于“too...to”;“enoughto...”;onlytodo(表示意料之外的結果的發生);so/such...asto(意為“如此……以至于……”)結構句中。I’mtootiredtodowell.我太累了做不好。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學的年齡了。Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.他沖了回來,卻發現書不見了。Sheissoproudastolookdownuponothers.她太驕傲了,看不起別人。4.獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語,表示說話人的心理狀態或對事情的看法。I’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.我想保持健康,但說實話,我只吃味道好的食物。【名師點津】現在分詞與不定式作結果狀語的區別(1)動詞不定式作結果狀語強調的是一種意想不到的結果。Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.(2)現在分詞作結果狀語強調的是一種順承的,必然造成的結果。Hisfatherpassedaway,leavinghimalittlemoney.(1)___________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.

(2)________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.

ToworkoutTolearn(3)Hehurriedtothestationonly______(find)thetrainhadleft. (4)(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields.

(5)(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive.

tofindtovisittofind(6)(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Joinus_______(taste)avarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.

totasteStep5Practice(1)選出不定式作目的狀語的句子①Wemustdoeverythingwecantohelpthem.②Heleft，nevertoreturn.③Todoagoodjob，wemusthavetherighttools.④Wejumpedwithjoytohearthenews.⑤Shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat.⑥Shestudiedveryhardtogethighgrades.⑦Manyfarmersfertilizetheircropsinordertomakethemgrowmorequickly.⑧Weplanttreeseveryyearsoastoprotectthesoilonthehill.________________________________________________________________________①，③，⑥，⑦，⑧LevelA一句多譯我們將召開會議來討論這種不健康的生活方式。①We’llholdameeting_____________________theunhealthylifestyle.②We’llholdameeting_____________________theunhealthylifestyle.③We’llholdameeting_____________________theunhealthylifestyle.④________________________theunhealthylifestyle，we’llholdameeting.⑤________________theunhealthylifestyle，we’llholdameeting.todiscussinordertodiscusssoastodiscussInordertodiscussTodiscussLevelBTask1同義句轉換①WestayedinBeijingsothat/inorderthatwecouldvisittheBird’sNest.→WestayedinBeijing_____________________________theBird’sNest.②Wewilldoeverythinginorderthat/sothattheycanlivehappily.→Wewilldoeverything_________________________