FeaturesofLeadFeaturesofLeadAmericannewspaperTheNewYorkTimes

《紐約時報》TheWashingtonPost《華盛頓郵報》LosAngelesTimes《洛杉磯時報》USAToday《今日美國報》TheWallStreetJournal《華爾街日報》BritainNewspaperTheTimes《泰晤士報》FinancialTimes《金融時報》TheGuardian《衛報》TheTelegraph《每日電訊報》AmericannewspaperTheNewYorA.P.(AssociatedPress)

UPI(UnitedPressInternational)Reuters(Reuter’sNewsAgency) （美國）美聯社（美國）合眾社（英國）路透社A.P.(AssociatedPress) （美國）ReviewBrieferthefollowingheadlines:25pollutersareshutdown,othersaretoldtomakechangesPapersaidthatUScommandfaultedinprisonabuseReviewBrieferthefollowingh25pollutersshutdown,otherstoldtomakechangesPaper:UScommandfaultedinprisonabuse英文報刊選讀Lecture3-導語課件AddthemissingwordstoeachheadlinebelowandtranslateittoChinese1.WhatDecliningRegistrationRateforPost-gradExamMean?2.GreatWallatTopof“World’sNewSevenWonders”3.LotsofFruitinChildrenCutsAdultCancerRisk4.WorkersCheckedAfterRadiationLeakdoesthetheTheisthethethearetheAddthemissingwordstoeachTranslatethenewsheadlinesintoChineseBushreadytopullout8,000troopsfromIraqXi,ObamareaffirmstronglinksMantofacecourtforassaultsongirl,5FlushotadvisedforallchildrenHousepassedObama’seconomicstimulusbillTranslatethenewsheadlinesikeys1.布什準備從伊拉克撤出8千名士兵。2.習近平和奧巴馬重申加強聯系。3.一男子騷擾五歲女孩面臨起訴。4.建議所有兒童注射流感預防針。5.國會同意奧巴馬的經濟刺激議案。keys1.布什準備從伊拉克撤出8千名士兵。Nneologisms1.Positive

energy(正能量)Originally

a

term

used

in

physics,

popularized

by

theBritish

psychologist

Richard

Wiseman

to

describe

the

energy

that

helps

people

build

up

self-confidence

and

optimism.正能量：本為物理學名詞，英國心理學家理查德·懷斯曼著有《正能量》，書中把人體比作一個能量場，用“正能量”比喻通過激發人的內在潛能，使人產生自信、樂觀、積極進取的正面力量。

Nneologisms1.Positive

energy2.(吐槽):Quick,sharpcriticismofdialogueoreventsthatareperceivedasviolatingnorms.吐槽：對認為違背常理的話語、事情等予以快速、犀利的批評。3.(拍磚):Hitwithabrick.Anexpressionmeaningtoopposeorcriticizeaviewpoint.(MostlyusedontheInternet.)拍磚：用磚頭拍打（別人）。比喻提出反對或批評意見（多用于互聯網）。2.(吐槽):Quick,sharpcriti4.(接地氣):Connectedtotheearth'senergy.Beingintouchwithreallife,inaccordancewithobjectivereality;alsotopenetratethegrassroots,toexperienceandobservetheconditionofthepeople,resolvepracticalproblems.接地氣：貼近大地氣息。比喻貼近現實生活，符合客觀實際；也比喻深入基層，體察民情，解決實際問題4.(接地氣):Connectedtotheear5.

(地溝油):Gutteroil.Wasteoilsillegallyusedincooking.地溝油：用下水道、泔水等中的浮油加工提煉的油。地溝油用于餐飲對人體危害很大，但可用來提煉生物柴油等。6.(軟實力):Softpower.軟實力：一般指一個國家的文化、社會制度、意識形態、發展模式等無形的實力。7.(硬實力):

Hard

power.硬實力：一般指經濟、科技、軍事等方面的有形的實力。5.(地溝油):Gutteroil.Wasteoi

8.(減排):

Reduce

pollution.減排：采取措施，減少廢氣、廢水等污染物的排放。9.BAT

:BAT是百度（Baidu）、阿里巴巴（Alibaba）、騰訊（Tencent）三家公司首字母的合稱。

在2013中國互聯網哈哈榜之十大并購中，BAT就占了其中的8席。BAT，構成了中國互聯網的第一集團，也是海外對中國互聯網的代名詞。

BAT，是中國互聯網江湖的一個神秘組織。恨她的人，比愛她的要多；想她的人，比恨她的還要多。

8.(減排):

Reduce

pollution.10.OTT(OverTheTop互聯網電視)互聯網的新概念在近幾年一直層出不窮，如2009年的物聯網(IoTInternetofThings)；2010年的云計(Cloudcomputing)；2013年開年后的第一個互聯網新概念實屬OTT無疑10.OTT(OverTheTop互聯網電視)Dama由于中國大媽“彪悍”地撼動了國際金價，美國媒體甚至專門創造了英語新單詞dama。近年來，被中國“逼”出來的英文單詞很多，或由國外媒體專家，或由國內熱心網友創造，Dama由于中國大媽“彪悍”地撼動了國際金價，美國媒體甚至Shuanggui(雙規)英文媒體對雙規可并不陌生。《華爾街日報》在報道深圳前市長許宗衡被“雙規”時，就直接使用了shuanggui。Antizen(蟻族)螞蟻(ant)+英文后綴(izen)=異族(Antizen)用來形容80后大學生低收入聚集的群體。Chengguan(城管)2009年4月中國網友曝光所謂《城管執法操作實務》，這一“城管秘籍”在引發中國媒體關注的同時，也成為《泰晤士報》等國外媒體熱報的國際新聞之一。Shuanggui(雙規)Don’train(動車)

不要(Don’t)+火車(train)=Don’train(動車)Ernai(二奶)有熱心的中國網友將其翻譯為secondmilk，但顯然無法得到西方主流媒體的承認。國際權威時尚傳媒《Women'sWearDaily》向讀者解釋說：TheChinesenameforLotitaisErNai,or，theSecondMrs。Guanxi(關系)關系最有中國特色，可能是英國《衛報》等媒體率先使用。Hongbao(紅包)在外媒眼中，紅包再也不單純是過農歷新年時收到的LuckyMoney了。英文報刊選讀Lecture3-導語課件DefinitionofnewsleadAleadisthefirstsentenceorthefirstparagraphofastory.Aleadisusuallyoneinformation-packedsentencewhichexpandsonthestory’smainpointasintroducedintheheadline.DefinitionofnewsleadAleadAleadshouldcontaintheanswersaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Whatwasuniqueorthemostimportantorunusualthingthathappened?2.Whowasinvolved?---Whodiditorwhosaidit?3.Isadirectordelayedleadbest？4.IsthereacolorfulwordordramaticphraseIcanworkintothelead?5.Whatisthesubject,andwhatverbwillbestmovethereaderintothestory?AleadshouldcontaintheanswFunctionsofnewslead--succinct

Aleadmustcapturetheessenceofthenews.

Newversionofairpollutionlawwouldimposeheavierfines(ChinaDaily)Updated:2014-09-11AreviseddraftofChina'sLawonthePreventionandControlofAtmosphericPollution,releasedonTuesdayforpublicopinion,wouldrequiregovernmentsabovethecountyleveltoestablishpollutionmonitoringsystemsandlevyheavierfinesforillegalactivitiesthatpollutetheenvironment.Functionsofnewslead--succinPistoriusnotguiltyofmurderbutwasnegligentUpdated:2014-09-1210:50PRETORIA,SouthAfrica

-Duringhistrial,OscarPistoriussometimesretchedandsobbed.Thedouble-amputeeOlympiansobbedagainonThursday,thistimeinapparentreliefasajudgesaidtheevidencedidnotsupportamurderconvictionforkillinggirlfriendReevaSteenkamp.PistoriusnotguiltyofmurderFunctionsofnewslead—intriguing

AleadmustencouragereaderstocontinueMorecitiesjointhe'yearofsmarttourism'ByZhangZhao(ChinaDaily)Updated:2014-09-1307:42SeveralcitiesinChinahavelaunched"smarttourism"projects,whichfeatureintegratedtourismresourcesandstrongerinteractivitybetweentouristsandtheirdestinationsviatheInternet.

Functionsofnewslead—intriguiPhone6boundforUSUpdated:2014-09-1213:27ChinaSouthernAirlinesBoeing777airlinercarrying93tonsofAppleiPhone6mobilephonesdepartsfromCentralChina'sHenanprovinceforChicago,IllinoisUSAonSeptember10,2014.iPhone6boundforUS2BritishtouristsmurderedinThailand

BANGKOK--TwoBritishtouristswerefoundbrutallymurderedonthetourist-attractiveislandKohTaoofThailandonMondaymorning.2BritishtouristsmurderedinFunctionsofnewslead–informativePutinwantstodestroyUkraineandrestoreSovietUnion,saysYatseniukTheRussianpresident,VladimirPutin,wantstodestroyUkraineasanindependentcountryandtorestoretheSovietUnion,UkrainianprimeministerArsenyYatseniuksaidonSaturday.Functionsofnewslead–inforWithappearanceinIowa,Clintontakesabigsteptoward2016

FormerUSSecretary（前國務卿）ofStateHillaryClintonstokedspeculationonSundaythatshewasmovingclosertoannouncingabidfortheWhiteHousein2016asshevisitedtheearly-votingstateofIowa(愛荷華州)totakepartinthestate‘sannual“steakfry,”agatheringofDemocraticactiviststhatoftenattractspresidentialhopefuls（總統候選人）.WithappearanceinIowa,ClintThinkandanalyzeExaminethefollowingnewsleadandthinkaboutwhethertheyareappropriateornot.E.g.1InitialreportsindicatedasuspectedsuicidebomberapproachedanISAF(theInternationalSecurityAssistanceForce)businavehicleanddetonatedtheexplosives.ThinkandanalyzeExaminetheE.g.2KabulPoliceChiefBasirSalangitoldTheAssociationPressthatat8:30a.m.todayonamajorroadontheeastsideofKabulneartheAfghanNationalArmytrainingfacilityasuicidebomberapproachedacarbombnearanInternationalSecurityAssistanceForce,orISAF,buscarryingGermanpeacekeepersonSaturday,killing3,woundingatleast8andinjuringanother28infirstfatalattackontheinternationalforce.E.g.2E.g.3AsuicideattackdetonatedacarbombnearabuscarryingGermanpeacekeepersinKabulonSaturday,killing3andwoundingatleast8.U.S.officialsaid.E.g.3Reims,France,May7---GermanysurrenderedunconditionallytothewesternalliesandtheSovietUnionat2:41A.M.Frenchtimetoday.

這是《紐約時報》上一篇報道德國無條件投降的消息中的導語。WHO---GermanyWHAT---surrenderedtothewesternalliesandtheSovietUnionWHEN---at2:41A.M.Frenchtimetoday(May7)WHERE---Reims,FranceWHY/HOW---unconditionally在消息寫作中，這種回答了新聞六要素(who,what,when,where,why,how)的導語通常被稱為綜合式導語(DirectLead/SummaryLead)。這種導語的特點在于它能把新聞內容的精髓概括出來。但是，讀者在閱讀報紙的時候會發現，并不是所有的消息都以綜合式導語開頭。有的導語只回答了新聞六要素中最重要、讀者最關心的一、兩項，這樣的導語稱為部分綜合式導語(PartialSummaryLead)，它避免了綜合式導語的不足之處，既無需為了包羅五個“W”和一個“H”而使句子變得冗長不堪，使讀者望而生畏，失去繼續閱讀的興趣。Reims,France,May7---GermanyDirectleadThefamoustypicalandclassicaldirectleadistheonewrittenbyanAPreporteronApril.14,1865,immediatelyafterPresidentAbrahamLincolnwasassassinated.WASHINGTON,FRIDAY,APRIL14,1865----ThePresidentwasshotinatheatretonightandperhapsmortallywounded.DirectleadThefamoustypicalDelayedLeadDelayedleadisoftenusedonfeatures,thekindofstoriesthatarenotaboutdevelopingorfast-breakingevents.e.g.Themanshelovedslappedherface.Furious,shesaysshetoldhimnever,evertodothatagain.“Whatareyougoingtodo,killme?”heasked,andhandedheragun.“Here,killme,”hechallenged.Shesaid.DelayedLeadDelayedleadisofWecanchangethepreviousleadintodirectlead:Aladykilledthemansheloved.Butusingthedelayedleadcannotshowsoviolentemotionandthemainfactsarenottoldatthebeginning,butlieinthefollowingparagraphs.Itcanalsosuspendthereaders’curiosity.Wecanchangethepreviouslea這是新華社發表的一篇報道胡錦濤主席會見海峽共同市場基金會主席蕭萬長的消息中的導語。WHO---HuJintao,VincentC.SiewWHAT---meetsWHEN---April12,2008WHERE---inBoao,southChina’sHainanProvince

這是新華社發表的一篇報道北京奧運會圣火到達巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭堡的的消息中的導語。WHO---TheBeijingOlympicflameWHAT---arrivedinPakistanicapital

WHEN---at12:25a.m.

localtime

WHERE---PakistanicapitalIslamabad

WHY/HOW---forthe10thlegofitsglobaltourBeijingOlympicflamearrivesinPakistanicapitalISLAMABAD,April16(Xinhua)--TheBeijingOlympicflamearrivedinPakistanicapitalIslamabadat12:25a.m.

localtime(1925GMT)forthe10thlegofitsglobaltour.HuJintao,VincentSiew’slatestmeetingsignificant

BOAO,Hainan,April12(Xinhua)--

HuJintao,generalsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommittee,

meetswithVincentSiew,chairmanoftheTaiwan-basedCross-StraitsCommonMarketFoundation,inBoao,southChina’sHainanProvince,April12,2008.

這是新華社發表的一篇報道胡錦濤主席會見海峽共同市場基金會主席除了綜合式導語外，消息報道往往還經常酌情采用其它形式的導語。英文報紙種類繁多，消息所報道的內容包羅萬象，導語也形式多樣，不能一概而論。但一般來說，最常見的導語有以下幾種：1.對比式導語(ContrastLead)這種導語通常通過同時列舉兩項新聞事實進行對比，以突出和強調本文最重要的內容及其意義。這種導語能使新聞事實中所蘊涵的新聞價值充分地顯露出來，并給受眾留下較為深刻的印象。注意：相互對比的事實之間，反差要強烈。反差越大，效果就越好。如：NBS:Chinareports8.3%riseinCPIinMarch

BEIJING,April16(Xinhua)--China’sconsumerpriceindex(CPI),akeymeasureofinflation,wasup8.3percentinMarch,followingan8.7percentriserecordedforthepreviousmonth.除了綜合式導語外，消息報道往往還經常酌情采用其它形式的導語。2.提問式導語(QuestionLead)一般來說，記者在消息報道的導語里總是力爭為五個“W”和一個“H”所提出的問題提供答案，而很少提問。但是，當消息所報道的內容涉及到一個公眾共同關心的問題或易于引起讀者議論的事件時，記者有時采用疑問式導語，在導語中進行提問，引起讀者的思考，從而達到吸引讀者的目的。如：IstruancybecominganationalepidemicinBritain?Certainlythereareclearsignsthatthenumberofpupilswhosimplydonotturnupatschoolorwho“clockin”andthendisappearduringtheschoolday,isincreasingtoaworryinglevel.

---TheSundayExpress2.提問式導語(QuestionLead)一般來說，記3.引語式導語(QuotationLead)為了突出報道的客觀性，記者有時還引用消息中主要人物的尖銳而有新意的語言，放在消息報道的開頭部分作為導語，這樣往往易于給讀者留下強烈的印象。這種導語通常分為完全引語式導語(FullQuotationLead)和部分引語式導語(PartialQuotationLead)。如：“Thegovernmentwillcontinuetoupgradeitscapabilitiestocopewithnaturaldisastersasclimatechangeleadstomoreextremeweatherconditions,”asenioroffici