Chapter6THENATUREOFGROUPSTheNatureofGroupsBenefitsofGroupsinOrganizationsProblemsin

GroupsStructure

of

Groups

Decision-making

ProcessesTipsforSuccessfulMeetingsTypes

of

GroupsBenefitsBelongingsImprovecreativityBetterdecisionCommitmentReducenegativeeffectsInformalgroupsFormalgroups1、Permanentworkgroups2、TemporaryworkgroupsTypesofGroupsFormalgroupsPermanentworkgroupsareresponsibleforaspecificsetoftasksorworkprocessesintheorganization.

ProductionteamManagementteamFormalgroupsTemporaryworkgroupsinvestigateaparticularproblemoropportunityanddisbandwhenthedecisionismade.TaskforceSkunkworksInformalgroupsInformalgroupsarenotinitiatedbytheorganizationandusuallydonotperformorganizationalgoals.Whydopeoplebelongtoinformalgroups?InnatedrivetobondAccomplishtasksthatcannotbeachievedbyindividualsworkingaloneTendtoforminstressfulsituationsRolesTaskPoweranddecision-making;Seekinginformation,givinginformation,clarifying,summarizingSocialGetsalongtogether;Encouraging,keepingharmony,gatekeepingTipsforSuccessfulMeetingsPrepareawrittenagendaDistributeanddiscusstheagendaKeepthefocusStimulatethediscussionOptionsTimingandendingTechniquesforGroup

Decision-MakingInteractinggroupsBrainstormingLimitedgrouptechniqueDelphitechniqueElectronicmeetingsInteractingGroups

(互動群體)Groupthink(群體思維):Aprocessinwhichthemembersofaclosegrouplosetheircriticaljudgementandagreeforsocialreasons.Brainstorming

(頭腦風暴)NoboundariesCompletelyfreeyourmindNolimitsonthenumberofideasFragmentedideasOKKEYTOEXERCISESEXERCISE#1.Hereisalistofgroups.Putthenumberofeachgroupunderoneoftheheadingsbelow.Youmaywanttodiscussthereasonsforsomeofyouranswers:

1.marketingdepartment2.agroupthatplayssoccer3.anewproductdivision4.aqualitycontrolgroup5.agrouptosetupacomputernetwork6.agrouptodealwiththeProblemofabsenteeism7.agroupthatplayscardsInthecafeteria.8.agrouptodecidethelocationofanewfactory9.agrouptodesignthecompany’s50thanniversarycelebrationPermanentWorkGroup1,3,4

TemporaryWorkGroup

5,6,8,9InformalGroup

2,7

KEYTOEXERCISESEXERCISE#2.RereadthesectiononRoles.Writedownalistofalltheroles,goals,leaders,andbehaviors.Thendrawadiagramoftheinformation.Instructor:Therearedifferentwaysofdoingthis.Theimportantthingistodevelopstudents’abilitiestousevisualintheirthinking.Hereisjustoneofdoingit:WhichRoleAreYou?Whichrole?Whichrole?Whichrole?Task-relatedbehavior-taskrole--taskleadertaskgoalsSocial-relatedbehaviorsocialrolesocialleadersocialgoalsGroupGoalsTextGroupGoalsKEYTOEXERCISESTaskactivitiesingroupdiscussionsSUMMARIZINGCLARIFYINGGIVINGINFORMATIONSEEKINGINFORMATIONSocial-maintenanceactivitieshappeningingroupdiscussionsGate-keepingKeepingharmonyencouragingPhase1Phase2Phase3EXERCISE#3.

Putthefollowingwordsandphrasesinoneofthesecategories:

belonging clarifying decision-makingencouraging feelinggood issuesgettingalong workingsmoothlyharmony problems reducingconflictseekinginformationsummarizingpraisingEXERCISE#3(continued)TaskActivities

SocialActivitiessummarizing

belongingclarifyingissues feelinggoodproblems

harmonydecision-making praisingseeking

information

gettingalong

encouraging workingsmoothly

EXERCISE#4.

Now,fillintheblankswiththemostappropriateword.Trytouseasmanydifferentwordsasyoucan:rolesdifferent worksmoothlyissuesproblemtaskharmony seekinformationsummarize social groupgoalsEXERCISE#4.Therearetwokindsof

roles

inworkgroups:

task

rolesand

social

roles.Sincepeopleare

different

,theynormallytakedifferentkindsof

roles

.

Task

leadersarepeoplewhoaremoreinterestedinthe

issues

.EXERCISE#4.

Ontheotherhand,

social

leadersaremoreconcernedwiththe

harmony

ofthegroup.While

social

leadershelpthegroup

worksmoothly

,

task

leadersfocuson

seekinginformation

.

Task

leadersalso

summarize

thestatementsoftheothermembers.EXERCISE#4.Whilepeoplehavedifferentkindsofroles,bothareconcernedwith groupgoals,whichincludehavingasuccessfulexperienceandsolvingtheproblem thatthegroupcametogetherfor.

TableInformationMeeting

Decision-makingMeeting1.

Thenumberofmembers

TitleAnynumberSmallgroup

OOO2.WhoshouldattendthemeetingNeedinginformation

contributors

OOO3.ThekindofcommunicationprocessLeaderpresents

Everyonecontributes

OOO4.ArrangementoftheroomFacetoface

Faceeachother

OOO

5.Keytosuccess.

presentation

interaction

OOOTitleOXOXOEXERCISE#10.Fillinthefollowingtable.Decideifeachofthefeelingsoractivitiesishigh,moderate,orlow.UseHI,MOD,orLO.Youmaywanttodiscussthereasonsforsomeofyouranswers.ACTIVITIES/FEELINGS

Interactive

BrainstormLimited

DelphiNumberofIdeas

LO

HI

Qualityofideas

HI

SocialPressures

HI

LO

MoneycostsLO

LO

Speed

LO

LO

PossibleConflict

HI

LO

LO

LO

CohesivenessHI

HI

FocusontaskMOD

WORDS&MEANINGSWordStudy.Putthecorrectformofthewordintherightspace:1.géneralize(v),generalizátion(n),géneral(adj),ingeneral

A

generalizátion

isastatementthatappliestothingsorpeople

ingeneral

butmaynotapplytospecificcasesorindividuals.Forexample,wemightsaythat,

ingeneral

,membersoftheEUhaveacommonculture.However,somecountriestendtobeCatholic,othersProtestant,andoneisGreekOrthodox.Orwecangéneralize

andsaythatpeoplearemotivatedbymoney,butotherthingsaremoreimportantforsomepeople.2.eváluate(v),evaluátion(n),eváluator(n) WesawinChapter4thatoneimportantroleofthemangeris

evaluating

employees’performance.Therearevariouswaysto

evaluate

employees.Oneofthemostcommonistodoaperformance

evaluation

.Itisnoteasytobeagood

evaluator

.Inorderfortheemployeetobenefitfromyour

evaluation

,hemustbeabletotrustyouandfeelthatyouarereallyinterestedinhissuccess.Inaddition,ifyouareinvestinginacompany,youobviouslyneedtoanalyzeor

evaluate

thatcompanyverycarefully.

3.intérpret,interpretátion,intérpreter

People

interpret

eventsdifferently.People’s

interpretation

dependsonmanythings,suchastheirprofessions,theirnationalities,ortheirage.Tobeagood

inerpreter

ofeventsordata,youmustbeabletolookatthingsfromseveralpoints-of-view.Anotherwayto

interpret

thingsistolookatthem

comparatively;thatis,tocomparethemwithotherthings.Wehaveseenthisinouranalysisofchartsandgraphs.Comparingdifferencesinexportsandimportsbetweencountrieshashelpedustounderstandor

interpret

thesignificanceoftheinformation.LANGUAGEELEMENTSDecidewhichendingofthewordtouseinthefollowingsentences.First,noticetheexample:Example:AnMNCmayproduceitsmanufacture

d

goodsinonecountryandselltheminanother.LANGUAGEELEMENTS1.Adetail

ed

manualwaspreparedforworkersintheairplanefactory.2.Therearebothinternalandexternalmotivat

ing

factors.3.Itisimportanttokeepcarefulwritt

en

records.4.Inajobsimplification,thereareclearly-defin

edandhighly-specializ

ed

tasks.5.Readthefollow

ing

passageanddiscussthequestions.LANGUAGEELEMENTS6.Onewayofcreatingastrongcollectivesenseamongworkersisstructuringjobssothattheyhaveoverlapp

ing

responsibilities.7.Onekindofsocial-maintenanceactivityinagroupishelpingpeopleunderstand

oppos

ing

pointsofview.8.Oneimportantproblemindevelop

ing

countriesis:strengtheningthebankingsystem.9.An