考研外語模擬卷16

一、UseofEnglish

1、Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.A

professorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmea

reallyheartbreaking(1)liesaidthatphysicianshaveto

startfromthe(2)_____beginningwitheverypatient.Thereis

nohistory,notimeto(3)一theyknownothingaboutthe

(4).

Wehaveinferiormedicalservice(5)thecomputer

technologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.The

difficultiesofjust(6)patientrecords—apartfrom

analyzingthem(7)一areunnecessaryandhinderusfrom

providing(8)service.

Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof

(9)weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonly

medicalservice,butpreventivemaintenancethat(10)the

patientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotand

demonstrationprojectsinhospitals,bydoctors,and(11)

byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatients

the(12)oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.

Technologies(13)multimediaandinteractivecomputers

can(14)patients,intheprivacyoftheirownhomes,to

askquestionsaboutthese(15).Othercountriesaremoving

muchmore(16)thantheUnitedStatesinmedical

information.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden's

healthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation，s(17)on

thehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethan

one-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheir

medicalrecordscomputerized.(18)somehospitalsinthe

UnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient(19),these

recordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitaland

donotincludetheir(20)medicalhistory.

A.magazine

B.letter

C.gift

D.book

2、(2)

A.very

B.early

C.real

D.first

3、⑶

A.treat

B.care

C.prepare

D.diagnose

4、(4)

A.doctor

B.patient

C.physician

D.nurse

5、(5)

A.but

B.although

C.therefore

D.because

6、(6)

A.handling

B.accessing

C.collecting

D.gathering

7、(7)

A.quickly

B.rapidly

C.properly

D.really

8、(8)

A.common

B.inferior

C.ordinary

D.quality

9、(9)

A.how

B.when

C.why

D.where

10、(10)

A.embraces

B.comprises

C.involves

D.includes

IK(11)

A.especially

B.exclusively

C.exactly

D.extremely

4

12、(12)

A.preferences

B.substances

C.consequences

D.refernces

13、(13)

A.forinstance

B.forexample

C.suchas

D.asto

14、(14)

A.allow

B.confess

C.induce

D.consent

15、(15)

A.substitutes

B.detectives

C.motives

D.alternatives

16、(16)

A.decisively

5

B.aggressively

C.comprehensively

D.excessively

17、(17)

A.growth

B.purchase

C.spending

D.development

18、(18)

A.However

B.While

C.Moreover

D.Furthermore

19、(19)

A.files

B.documents

C.records

D.information

20、(20)

A.partial

B.absolute

C.major

6

D.entire

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One's

physicalassetsandliabilitiesdon'tcountallthatmuchin

amanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmore

than1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifuland

not-so-beautifu1people.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:

Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,

forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremore

likelytobetreatedwellbytheirpatents,soughtoutas

friends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexception

ofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelyto

behired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Thescientists'typicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.

Theygiveeachmemberofagroup一collegestudents,perhaps,

orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmanagersapieceofpaper

relatinganindividuaTsaccomplishments.Attachedtothe

paperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesame

thingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikingly

attractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsome

anunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareasked

toratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrom

personalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbe

promoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,

thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfrom

Sappo,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommon

perception,whatisbeautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,and

deeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whois

anauthorityonthesubject,explains:intermsoftheircareers,

theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.

Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,making

iteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobs

wheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,there

isenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractive

womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswell

aswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethat

inpursuingacareerasamanager

不_____Q

q8

A.aperson'spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch.

B.aperson'soutwardappearanceisnotacritical

qualification.

C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably.

D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded.

2、

Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshows

that

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone'sbest.

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobe

paidwell.

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions.

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthose

whoarenot.

3、

Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluate

individualsoncertainattributes

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep.

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport.

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowratings.

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual's

accomplishments.

4、

Thesentence“goodlookscutbothwaysforwomenz，(Line1,

Paragraph5)meansthat

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpacton

publicjobs.

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything.

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen.

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomen

inmanagerialpositions.

5、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusiness

world.

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksas

attractivewomenare

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceye

usuallydoquitewell

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepublic

eyeusuallygetalongquitewell

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen

6、NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreams,butnotenough

ofthemtomakemeJosemydelightindreams.Tobeginwith,

Iliketheideaofdreaming,ofgoingtobedandlyingstill

不______Q

q10

andthen,bysomequeermagic,wanderingintoanotherkindof

existence.Icouldneverunderstandwhygrown-upstookdreaming

socalmlywhentheycouldmakesuchafussaboutanyholiday.

Thisstillpuzzlesme.Iammystifiedbypeoplewhosaythey

neverdreamandappeartohavenointerestinthesubject.It

ismuchmoreastonishingthaniftheysaidtheyneverwentout

forawalk.Mostpeople—oratleastmostWesternEuropeans—do

notseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappear

toseeitasanannoyinglittlehabit,likesneezingoryawning.

Ihaveneverunderstoodthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemas

importantasmywakinglifeonlybecausethereisfarlessof

it,buttomeitisimportant.Asiftherewereatleasttwo

extracontinentsaddedtotheworld,andlightningexcursions

runningtothematanymomentbetweenmidnightandbreakfast.

Thenagain,thedreamlife,thoughqueerandconfusingand

unsatisfactoryinmanyrespects,hasitsownadvantages.The

deadarethere,smilingandtalking.Thepastisthere,

some-timesal1brokenandconfusedbutoccasionallyasfresh

asadaisy.Andperhaps,thefutureistheretoo,wavingatus.

Thisdreamlifeisoftenovershadowedbyhugemysterious

anxieties,withluggagethatcannotbepackedandtrainsthat

refusetobecaught;andbothpersonsandscenestherearenot

asdependableandsolidastheyareinwakinglife,sothatBrown

andSmithmergeintoonepersonwhileRobinsonsplitsintotwo,

andtherearethickwoodsoutsidethebathroomdoorandthe

dining-roomissomehowpartofatheaterbalcony;andthereare

momentsofsorroworterrorinthedreamworldthatareworse

thananythingelsewehaveknownunderthesun.Yetthisother

lifehasitsinterests,itsenjoyments,itssatisfactions,and,

atcertainrareintervals,apeacefulgloworasudden

excitement,likeglimpsesofanotherform,ofexistence

altogether,thatwecannotmatchwithopeneyes.

Asfordreams,wecanconcludethat

A.whentheauthorhaswonderfuldreams,hewillbehappyfor

thewholeday.

B.iftheauthorhadtoomuchterribledreams,hewouldfeel

annoyed.

C.theauthorwishesthathecouldmakenofussaboutany

holiday.

D.theauthorwishesthathecouldhavemorestrangedreams.

7、

Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor

is

A.achild.

B.anadult.

C.apsychologist.

D.adoctor.

8、

Whathastheauthorneverunderstood?

A.Mostpeoplelikesneezingoryawing.

B.Mostpeopleconsiderdreamingtobeallunimportanthabit.

C.Mostpeopletreatsneezingoryawningasanunimportant

littlehabit.

D.Mostpeopleregarddreamingasanunpleasantlittlehabit.

9、

Thepassagetellsusthatinthedreamworldthereis/are

A.nothingterribleordelightful.

B.onlymomentsofsorroworterror.

C.mysteriousanxietiesaswellasenjoyments.

D.onlymomentsofpeacefulgloworsuddenexcitement.

10、

Brown,SmithandRobinsonare

A.deadfriendsofthewriter.

B.peopleyouorImightknow.

C.livingfriendsofthewriter.

D.somewell-knownpeople.

11Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeople

thatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehands

oftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsit

maybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,return

tothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;

butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,

bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherform,ofrobbery.Itmight

be(thoughpracticallyitneveris)asadvantageousforthe

notionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoney

heextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.But

thisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgate

ontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoextract

ashillingfromeverypassenger,thepublicwouldsoondoaway

withmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthat

itwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspend

theirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,

insteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgate,Icanonlypersuade

themtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruseless

thing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,

moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterof

commercialprosperity.

AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland—forthepoor

ofallcountries一iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthe

subjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,the

operationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheir

immediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerof

itsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatters

little,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformaking

anything,butitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichhe

iscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproduce

food,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesare

low,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,

andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfood

andfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefood

andairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,

tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,

inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionisnot

somuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwill

buywithitanddowithit.

Theauthorgivestheexampleofatollgateinthefirst

paragraphtoindicatethat

A.itisanactofrobbery.

B.itisanimpracticalplan.

C.itwillbreakthelaw.

D.itcanmakepeoplerich.

12、

Theword/，fallacy,，(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.incorrectexplanations.

B.arbitrarydecisions.

C.reasonableexcuses.

D.logicalerrorsinargument.

13、

Whatisthe"mainquestionforthepoor”(Line1,Paragraph

2)accordingtothepassage?

A.Thepoorarenotthemasterofthemselves.

B.Thepoorfailtoseetherealpoweroftheoperationof

capital.

C.Thepoordonotunderstandthattheyarebuyingthingsthey

donotneed.

D.Thelaborersarealwaysdeceivedbytherichwhopretend

tobebenefactors.

14、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves

A.therearefewhonestbusinessmen.

B.thericharethesameasthievesintheiraccumulationof

wealth.

C.robbersarealsobenefactorstosocietyseenfroma

differentangle.

D.equaldistributionofpropertyleadstoincreaseof

consumerdemand.

15、

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor'sattitudetowardtheearly

stageofBritishindustrializationshouldbeoneof

A.ambiguity.

B.indifference.

C.disgust.

D.admiration.

16、ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890'sthat

theagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyin

theUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbythe

closingoftheinternalfrontier—thatis,thedepletionof

availablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmerican

farmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner'sthesisinfluentialatthe

time,itwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholars,

suchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt(1931).Actually,

however,newlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnited

Statesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe

1890's,whenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute,

1,100,000newfarmsweresettled,whichwas500,000morethan

hadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890,under

thetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessors,morenewland

wastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurpose

intheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahigh

proportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyfor

grazinganddryfarming,butagriculturalpracticeshadbecome

sufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasethe

profitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelatively

barrenlands.

Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothe

presumeddisappearanceoftheAmericanfrontierhelpedto

obscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsand

consequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthe

secondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanal

wasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadinthe

UnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraph

andtelephonecommunicationswasspun:Europewasconnectedby

submarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouth

Americain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagricultural

technologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthat

weremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.

HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentina,

Australia,Canada,andintheAmericanWest,andtheseareas

werejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEurope

intoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequence,

agrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscope,

andtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershad

notvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly

1870'sandthe1890,sthemountingagrariandiscontentin

Americaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthe

pricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.

Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibited

thegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependenton

foreignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.Insofaras

Americanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarming,

itwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperilous

timeinwhichtodoso.

Theauthorprovidesinformationconcerningnewlyfarmedlands

intheUnitedStatesinparagraph1tosupport

A.aproposalbyFrederickJ.Turnerthatwaslaterdisputed

byJohnD.Hicks.

B.anelaborationbyJohnD.Hicksofthesisthatformerlyhad

beenquestionedbyTurner.

C.thethesisthatimportantchangesoccurredinthenature

ofinternationaltradeduringthesecondhalfofthe19th

century.

D.theviewthattheAmericanfrontierdidnotbecomeclosed

duringthe19thcenturyorsoonthereafter.

17、

Theauthorimpliesthatthecauseoftheagrariandiscontent

was

A.maskedbythevaguenessoftheofficialrecordsonnewly

settledfarms.

B.overshadowedbydisputesonthereliabilityoftheexisting

historicalevidence.

C.misidentifiedasaresultofinfluentialbuterroneous

theorizing.

D.overlookedbecauseofapreoccupationwithmarket

conditions.

18、

Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingoccurredprior

to1890?

A.FrederickJ.Turner'sthesisregardingtheAmerican

frontierbecameinfluential.

B.Technologicaladvancesmadeitfruitfultofarm

extensivelyonamechanizedbasis.

C.Directlinesofcommunicationwereconstructedbetweenthe

USandSouthAmerica.

D.TheHomesteadActledtoanincreaseintheamountofnewly

farmedlandintheUS.

19、

Changesintheconditionsofinternationaltraderesultedin

an

A.underestimationoftheamountofnewlandthatwasbeing

farmedintheUS.

B.underutilizationofrelativelysmallbutrichplotsofland.

C.overexpansionoftheworldtransportationnetworkfor

agriculturalproducts.

D.extensionofagrariandepressionsbeyondnational

boundaries.

20、

Comparedtotheyearlypricechangesthatactuallyoccurred

onforeignagriculturalmarketsduringthe1880'sAmerican

farmerswouldhavemostpreferredyearlypricechangesthat

were

A.similarinsizebutintheoppositedirection.

B.muchsmallerandinthesamedirection.

C.muchsmallerbutintheoppositedirection.

D.slightlygreaterandinthesamedirection.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalist

ofexamplesorheadings.Choosethemostsuitableonefromthe

listA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).Theremaybe

certainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabout

ManagingtheDellWay.

A.NoExcuse

B.WorryAboutsavingMoney,NotsavingFace

C.LeavetheEgoattheDoor

D.NovictoryLaps

E.NoEasyTargets

F.BeDirect

MichaelDel1revolutionizedthePCbizwithadirect-sales

modelthatkeepscostslowandcustomersatisfactionhigh.That

was19yearsago,yetDellisstilloutdistancingrivals.Credit

hismanagementprinciples:

(41).

It'sanattitude,notjustabusinessmodel.WhentheCEOtalks,

hedoesn，tmincewords,andworkersshouldn,teither.They're

supposedtoquestioneverythingandchallengetheirbosses.And

nooneisexempt.InDell,sownannual360-degreereview,

workerscomplainedofhisdetachedstyle,sohehaspledgedto

bemoreemotionallyengaged.

(42).

Dellbelievesinaccountabilityaboveallelse:"There'sno

'thedogatemyhomework，atDell,“hewarns.Amanagermust

quicklyadmitaproblem,confrontit,andneverbedefensive.

Dellruthlesslyexposesweakspotsduringgruelingquarterly

reviews.Andexecsknowtheyhadbetterfixtheproblembefore

thenextmeeting.

(43).

ToDell,celebrationbreedscomplacency.Heoncerejectedan

ideatodisplayDellartifactsinthecompany'slobbybecause

“museumsarelookingatthepast.〃Whentheysucceed,managers

mustmakeduewithashorte-mailoraquickpatontheback.

Thefoundersmantra:Celebrateforananosecond,thenmoveon.”

(44).

Thecompanyfavors"two-in-a-box“management,inwhichtwo

executivesshareresponsibilityforaproduct,aregion,ora

companyfunction.Thatforcesthemtoworkasateam,playing

offeachother，sstrengthsandwatchingoutforeachother's

weaknesses.

(45).

It'snotenoughtorackupprofitsorturbochargegrowth一execs

mustdoboth.Missaprofitgoal,andyou'renotcuttingcosts

fastenough.Overshootit,andyou'releavingsalesonthetable.

Inthepastyear,theserver,storage,andnetworkingchiefs

werereassigned,despitesolidresults."Pitythefolkswho

didn，tuseallthebulletsintheirgun“saysaformerexec.

Unlikeitsrivals,Dellisquicktopulltheplugon

disappointingnewventures.Thelatest:Despiteayearofwork

andextensivenewscoverage,MichaelDellspikedaplantoput

e-commercekiosksinSearsstoresafterjustfourwere

installed.Instead,kiosksaregoingintopublicareasinmalls.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Today'sworkerisnolongerwillingtoworkinanauthoritarian

anddehumanizingenvironment.Workerswantmeaningintheir

workandbalanceintheirlives.Theywantopportunitiesto

contributeandtoknowhowtheirworkiseffective.Employees

wanttoworkfororganizationsthatrespectthemasindividuals.

(46)Theyalsowanttoknowthattheyareworkingforanethical

company