動詞類單詞、詞組辨析★1.accept，receive【辨析】receive通常指被動地“收到”或“接到”，而accept則指主動地“接受”。注意：receive也可表“接受”，如：receive/getabettereducation，意為“接受更好的教育”。【舉例】Wehaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.我們很久沒有收到他的來信了。Sheofferedhimaliftandheaccepted(it).她請他坐她的車，他領(lǐng)情了。【演練】()1.OnmytwentiethbirthdayI_______severalgifts.A.getB.acceptedC.receivedD.took()2.Hecouldn’t_______oursuggestionsbutourgifts.A.acceptB.receiveC.acceptedD.expectedCA()3.Hedidnot_______agoodeducationatuniversity.A.acceptB.receiveC.receivedD.got()4.She_______hispresent，butshedidn’t_______it.A.accepted;receiveB.received;acceptC.receives;acceptD.accepts;receivedBB★2.advise，suggest【辨析】兩者都是動詞，都表示“向……建議”。兩者的區(qū)別在于：advise的固定搭配是advisesb.(not)todo建議某人(別)做；suggest的固定搭配是suggest(sb.)doing或suggestone’sdoing建議(某人)做。當然它們都可以接賓語從句，但賓語從句的動詞形式必須是(should)(not)do…【舉例】Iadvisemyfathertostopsmoking.我建議我爸爸戒煙。Isuggestmyfather(father’s)stoppingsmoking.我建議我爸爸停止吸煙。Iadvise/suggest(that)myfather(should)stopsmoking.我建議我爸爸不再吸煙。【演練】()1.Thedoctoradvisedme_______.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.don’tsmokeD.nottosmoke()2.Hesuggested_______awalkwithmygrandma.A.tookB.totakeC.takingD.metotakeDC()3.Thehusbandsuggested_______tothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhim_______uptheidea.A.moving;givingB.tomove;togiveC.moving;togiveD.tomove;givingC★3.agreewith，agreeto【辨析】agree意為“同意”，其反義詞為disagree。(1)agreewithsb./sth.表示“同意某人或某人的意見、想法、分析、解釋等(即持同一觀點)”。(2)agreetosth.意為“同意某事”，agreeto后接建議、計劃、安排(suggestion，advice，plan，arrangement)等。(3)agreetodosth.(此時to是不定式符號，后接動詞原形構(gòu)成不定式)，意為“同意做某事”。【舉例】Iquiteagreewithyou.我完全同意你(的意見)。Heagreedtotheplan.他同意了這個計劃。Weagreedtoleaveearly.我們同意早點出發(fā)。【演練】()1.Doyouthinkhewill_______mysugges-tion？A.agreetoB.agreestoC.agreewithD.agreeswith()2.Herparentsboth_______whatshesaid.A.agreetoB.agreedwithC.agreeswithD.agreedto()3.Iagree_______swimmingtomorrow.A.togoB.togoingC.withgoD./ABA★4.beableto，can【辨析】兩者都表示“能；會”，后面都接動詞原形。beableto有人稱、時態(tài)及數(shù)的變化，可以用于任何時態(tài)。而can沒有人稱或數(shù)的變化，但有一個過去時形式could，相當于was/wereableto，也可以表示現(xiàn)在的能力，相當于is/am/areableto。注意：beableto可以用于不定式；當表示過去通過努力終于做成了某事時要用beableto，而不能用can；表猜測時要用can,而不能用beableto。【舉例】Hecan/isabletospeakGerman.他會說德語。Icould/wasabletodressmyselfwhenIwas10monthsold.我十個月時就會自己穿衣服。Kittywillbeabletoarriveontimeifsherunsfastenough.如果凱蒂跑得夠快，她就能準時到達。Hehasnotbeenabletocomesincehegothurt.自從受傷以后，他就一直未能前來。Thatcan’tbeyourbag.那不可能是你的書包。【演練】()1.Theywill_______tellyouthenewssoon.A.abletoB.beabletoC.canD.areableto()2.—You_______usemydictionary.—Thankyou.A.canB.areabletoC.wereabletoD.couldBA()3.Somebodyisknockingatthedoor.Who_____itbe?A.isabletoB.couldC.canD.can’t()4.I_______swimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.A.amabletoB.canC.wasabletoD.canableto()5.—CouldIborrowyourpen?—Sure,you_______.A.canB.couldC.can’tD.areabletoCCA★5.borrow，lend，keep【辨析】(1)borrow意為“借進”，borrowsth.fromsb./sw.表示“向某人/從某處借入某物”。(2)lend意為“借出”，是borrow的反義詞，lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.表示“借出某物給某人”。(3)keep意為“保留；借”，borrow，lend表示的“借”是短暫性的，而keep表示的是持續(xù)性的。keepsth.＋時間段表示“借某物多長時間”，常用于完成時態(tài)。【舉例】CanIborrowyourpen?我可以借用一下你的鋼筆嗎？Doyouoftenborrowbooksfromthelibrary?你經(jīng)常從圖書館借書嗎？Canyoulendmeyourpen?把你的鋼筆借給我好嗎？Youmustn’tlendittoothers.你一定不要把它借給別人。Hehaskeptthesebooksfortwoweeks.他借這些書兩周了。—HowlongcanIkeepthebook?這本書我可以借多久？—Twoweeks.兩周。【演練】()1.Youcan_______myiPodforfourdays.A.lendB.borrowC.keepD.get()2.Thanksfor_______methemoney.A.borrowingB.lendingC.keptD.lentCB()3.Joseph_______hisguitartoBettylastFriday.A.lentB.lendedC.borrowsD.kept()4.Daisy_______abookfromhercousinandshehas_______itforthreeweeks.A.borrowed;lentB.borrowed;keptC.lent;keptD.lends;borrowedAB★6.develop,developing,developed,development【辨析】(1)develop意為“發(fā)展；開發(fā)”，既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。(2)developing意為“發(fā)展中的”，為現(xiàn)在分詞，起形容詞的作用，表示主動含義。(3)developed意為“發(fā)達的”，為過去分詞，起形容詞的作用，表示被動含義。(4)development意為“發(fā)展”，用作名詞。【舉例】Thechildisdevelopingwell.這孩子發(fā)育得很好。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。Japanisadevelopedcountry.日本是一個發(fā)達國家。Educationisimportanttoachild’sdevelop-ment.教育對一個孩子的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。【演練】()1.Weshould_______thestudents’abilitytosolveproblems.A.developB.developmentC.developedD.developing()2.Whatareyourplansforthe_______ofyourcompany?A.developedB.developingC.developD.developmentAD()3.Indiaisa_______country，whileAmericaisa_______one.A.developed;developedB.developing;developingC.developing;developedD.developed;developingC★7.die，dead，death，dying【辨析】(1)die是瞬間動詞，意為“死；死去”，表示生命的結(jié)束，不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。(2)dead是形容詞，意為“死的”，在句中可以充當定語或表語。(3)death是名詞，意為“死亡”。(4)dying可作die的現(xiàn)在分詞，也可作形容詞，意為“奄奄一息的；瀕臨死亡的”。【舉例】Hisfatherdiedlastweek.上周他父親去世了。Hefoundadeadbirdinthegarden.他在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只死鳥。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfortwoyears.他的祖父逝世已經(jīng)有兩年了。(注：bedead可以與時間段連用，而die則不可以。此句若用die改寫則為：Hisgrandpadiedtwoyearsago.他的祖父兩年前去世了。)Shecriedoutafterknowingherhusband’sdeath.得知她丈夫的死訊后，她失聲痛哭。Thedyingmanwassavedbyakindheartedlady.那個奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救了。Ithinkhisdogisdying.我認為他的狗快要死了。【演練】()1.Thinkingofthe_______ofmygrand-father，Ifeelverysad.A.deadB.dieC.deathD.died()2.Whocansavethe_______dog？A.deadB.dyingC.diedD.dieCB()3.Thepoorman_______lastnight.A.wasdeadB.isdyingC.deadD.died()4.Thecathas_______fortwodays.A.diedB.beendiedC.beendeadD.deathDC★8.diefrom，dieof，dieout【辨析】(1)diefrom和dieof均表示“因……而死”，所接賓語均表示死亡的原因。具體使用時，dieof指死于(疾病、感情、饑寒等)自身原因；diefrom一般指死于(事故、外傷等)外部原因。若死因是環(huán)境影響到體內(nèi)，即兩方面共有的原因，則用of和from均可。(2)dieout意為“(家族、物種等)滅絕；絕跡”。【舉例】Mr.Liudiedfromanearthquake.劉先生死于一場地震。Nowadaysmanypeopledieofcancer.如今很多人死于癌癥。Manykindsofanimalsareindangerofdyingout.許多動物種類都處于瀕臨滅絕的危險中。【演練】()1.MissLin_______heartdiseaselastspring.A.diedofB.diedfromC.diedoutD.dieddown()2.Humanbeingsmay_______onedayiftheycontinuetodestroytheenvironment.A.dieoutB.dieofC.dieinD.diefromAA()3.Eachyear,manypeople_______trafficaccidents.A.diefromB.dieofC.dieoutD.diedownA★9.getto，arrivein/at，reach【辨析】三者均可表示“到達”。get表“到達”時是不及物動詞，后接表示地點的名詞時要與介詞to連用，即“getto＋地點”。arrive表“到達”時也是不及物動詞，后接地點名詞時要借助介詞in或at，即“arrivein＋大地點，arriveat＋小地點”。reach表“到達”時是及物動詞，后面直接接表示地點的詞。注意：(1)get，arrive后接表示地點的副詞(如here，there，home等)時，不需要任何介詞作為媒介。(2)到達的地點在句中沒有出現(xiàn)時，只能單獨使用arrive。【舉例】Hegottothestopat5:00o’clockthisafternoon.他今天下午五點到站的。HearrivedinBeijingyesterday.他昨天到達了北京。Whenhearrivedatthestop,thebushadleft.當他到達公共汽車站時，公交車已經(jīng)開走了。WhendoesthetrainreachLondon?火車什么時候到達倫敦？WhenIgotthere,thefilmhadbeenonfor5minutes.當我到那里時，電影已經(jīng)上映五分鐘了。—Whendidyouarrive？你什么時候到的？—Threedaysago.三天前(到的)。【演練】()1.Sadlywe______thefactoryfiveminuteslate.A.gotB.arrivedinC.reachD.arrivedat()2.Whendidhe_______homeyesterday？A.arrivedB.gettoC.reachD.getsDC()3.Whatwereyoudoingwhenthesandstorm________？

A.arrivedB.reachedC.gottoD.arrivedin()4.Thekiteisinthetree.Canyou_______it?A.gettoB.arriveatC.reachD.reachinAC★10.happen，takeplace【辨析】兩者都可表示“發(fā)生”。happen意為“意外、偶然、未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生”，常見搭配有sb.happentodosth.“某人碰巧做某事”和sth.happentosb./sth.“某事意外發(fā)生在某人/某事身上”。takeplace意為“按事先計劃或有預(yù)謀地發(fā)生/舉行”。注意：與happen搭配的往往是accident，crash，earthquake，tsunami(海嘯)等；與takeplace搭配的往往是murder，sportsmeeting，party，celebration，marriage等。此外，happen,takeplace往往不用于被動語態(tài)。【舉例】IhappenedtomeettwoforeignersfromArgentinaonthemountainyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我碰巧在山上遇見了兩位來自阿根廷的外籍人士。Cindylooksupsetthesedays.Whathappenedtoher？辛迪這幾天看起來很沮喪。她怎么了？AhorriblemurdertookplaceonJuly22，2009.2009年7月22號發(fā)生了一起可怕的謀殺案。【演練】()1.Whendidtheearthquake_______？A.takeplaceB.happenC.happeningD.tookplace()2.In1919，theMay4thMovement_______inChina.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.willhappenD.wastakingplaceBA()3.Greatchanges_______inthetownsince1998.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace()4.I_______toseehimonmywayhome.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.happeningD.takeplaceAB★11.havebeento，havebeenin，havegoneto【辨析】(1)have/hasbeento強調(diào)“曾經(jīng)去了某個地方，此時人已經(jīng)不在那里了”，后常接次數(shù)，如once，twice，threetimes等，也可和just，never，ever等連用。

(2)have/hasbeenin表示“在某地待了多長時間”，常與時間段狀語for…/since…ago等連用。(3)have/hasgoneto強調(diào)“去了某個地方”，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)在那個地方了，總之不在說話者處，上下文中往往出現(xiàn)Whereissb.？/Haveyouseensb.recently？/sb.willbebackin…之類的暗示語。注意：當它們后面接表示地點的副詞(如here，there，home等)時，要省略介詞in，to。【舉例】MyfatherhasbeentoBeijingtwice.我父親去過北京兩次。IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到上海已有三年了。—WhereisJim？吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英國了。You’veneverbeentherebefore，haveyou？你從來沒有去過那里，是嗎？【演練】()1.He_______Beijing.Hewillcomebackintendays.A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasgoneto()2.—Howmanytimeshaveyou_______Paris？—Onlyonce.A.beeninB.gonetoC.gotoD.beentoDD()3.—Howlonghaveyou_______thiscity？—Formorethantenyears.A.stayinB.beeninC.beentoD.cometo()4.—Longtimenosee.Wherehaveyou_______？—IwasonatriptoAustralia.A.beenB.gonetoC.goneD.comefromBA★12.hearof，hearabout，hearfrom【辨析】hearof與hearabout的意思相近，這兩個詞組在英語中有時可以通用。hearof意為“聽說過；聽到；提起某事”，直接指其對象。hearabout意為“聽到、得知關(guān)于某人或某事的消息”，比hearof知道得更詳細、具體。hearfrom通常接表示人的名詞或代詞，意為“收到……的信；收到……的電報；得到……的消息”。【舉例】Ihaveneverheardofhimsinceheleft.自從他離開后，我再也沒有聽到過他的消息。I’vejustheardabouthisillness.我剛聽說他生病的事。Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehetelephoned.自從那次他來電話后，我一直沒有收到過他的來信。【演練】()1.I’vejust_______hispromotion.A.hearaboutB.heardfromC.hearofD.heardabout()2.Wedon’tknowthesinger，andwe’venever_______her.A.heardofB.hearaboutC.heardfromD.heardDA()3.—Howoftendoyou_______yourgrand