Uni11Greatscientists

Teachingaims

1.ToheIpstudentslearntodescribepeop1e

2.Tohe1pstudents1earntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnow

3.Tohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“Greatscientists”

4.Tohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressions

5.Tohelpstudentsidentifyexamplesof"ThePastParticiple(1)as

thePredicative&theattribute”

Period1Warmingupandreading

TeachingProcedures

I.Warmingup

StepILeadin

Talkaboutscientist.

T:Hi,morning,class.Nicetoseeyouonthisspecia1day,theday

whenyoubecomeaseniortwograder.Iamhappytobewithyouhe1pi

ngyouwithyourEng1ish.Todaywearetoreadaboutacertainscient

ist.Butfirst1et'sdefinetheword“scientisf\Whatisascientist?

Ascientistisapersonwhoworksinscience,tryingtounderstand

howtheuniverseorotherthingswork.

Scientistscanworkindifferentareasofscience.Hereares

omeexamples:Thosethatstudyphysicsarephysicists.Thosethat

studychemistryarechemists.Thosethatstudybio1ogyarebiologists.

StepII

。Askthestudentstotrythequizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.

T:Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechanged

theworId.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayin

thefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?

Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswera11these

questions.

1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.

2.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808-1882).ThenameofthebookisOrig

inofSpecies.

3.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729),aninventorofsteamengine.

4.GregorMendel,Czech,abotanistandgeneticist.

5.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench,achemistandphysicist.

6.ThomasEdison,American,aninventor.

7.LeonardodaVinci,Italian,anartist.

8.SirHumphryDavy,British,aninventorandchemist.

9.ZhangHeng,ancientChina,aninventor.

10.StepperHawking,British,aphysicist.

II.Pre-reading

StepI

Getthestudentstodiscussthequestionsonpage1withtheir

partners.Thenaskthestudentstoreporttheirwork.Encouragethestudentst

oexpresstheirdifferentopinions.

1.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?

Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhav

eanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.People

maybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease,somayanimaIs,suchasbirdf1

u,AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesared

ifficulttocure.

2.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?

Choleraisthei1InesscausedbyabacleriumcalledVibriocho1erae.

Itinfectspeople'sintestines（腸），causingdiarrheaandlegcramps

（抽筋）.ThemosIcommoncauseofcholeraisbysome。neeatingfoodo

rdrinkingwaterthathasbeeneomaminated（污染）withthebacteri

a.Choleracanbemild（不嚴重的）orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms（癥

狀），butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.

3.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?

Anybodymightcomeoutwithanewidea.Buthowdoweproveit

inscientificresearch?Therearesevenstagesinexamininga

newideainscientificresearch.Andtheycanbeputinthefollowingorder.W

hatorderwou1dyouputthesevenin?Justguess.

Findaproblem一Makeupaquestion—>Thinkofamethod—>Collectresu1

ts—

Analysetheresults一Drawaconclusion一Repeatifnecessary

III.Reading

StepIPre-reading

1.DoyouknowJohnSnow?

JohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondon

andhedefeated"KingChoiera,5.

2.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?

Itisakindofterrib1ediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcau

sedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodef

eat.

Let'sgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated"KingCho1era”in1854

inLondoninthisreadingpassage：

StepIISkimming

Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.

1.Whodefeats“KingChoiera44?(JohnSnow)

2.Whathappenedin1854?《CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.)

3.Howmanypeoplediedin10days?500(。)

4.WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswe11

asatNo.8and9CambridgeStreet?

(ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreet

pump.)

(Optiona1)

Skimthepassageandfindtheinformationtocompletethe

formbelow.

WhoWhenWhatHowResuIt

John1854he1pingExaminingthesourceuKingCholera"

Snowordinarofal1watersupp1defeated

ypeop1eiesandfindingnewmeth

exposedtodsofdealingwith

ocholepollutedwaster

ra

StepIIISeanning

Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhapp

ened.

2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.

1AnoutbreakofchoierahitLondonin1854.

4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.

7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.

3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasv

erysevere.

8KingChoierawasdefeated.

5_Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.

6Hehadthehand1eremovedfromthewaterpump.

StepIVMainideaandcorrectstage

Readthepassageandputthecorrectstagesintothereadingabo

utresearchintoadisease.

JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera

ParagStagesGenera1ideas

raph

Findaprob1em：Thecausesofcholera

1Whatcausethecholer

a?

Makeupaquestion：Thecorrectorpossib1etheory

2

Whichisright?

Thinkofamethod:Co1lectdataonwherepeoplew

3Testtwotheoryereillanddiedandwheretheygot

theirwater

Collectresu1ts:Piotinformationonamaptofind

4

Markthedeathoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie

Ana1yzetheresu1ts:Lookintothewatertoseeifthat

5Findtheresourceoisthecauseofthei1Iness

fthewater

FindsupportingevidencFindotherevidencestoconfirmhis

6

econclusion

DrawaconclusionThepol1uteddirtysourceofd

7rinkingwaterwastoblameforthe

causeoftheLondoncholera

StepVGroupdiscussion

Answerthequestions(Finishexercise2onPage3)

1.JohnSnowbe1ievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyprove

it?

(JohnSnowfina1lyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutb

reakthatwascIearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinfbrmationa

ndwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.)

2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouIdhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthe

map?

(No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentify

thosehouseho1dsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-d

rinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsu

rveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollute

dwaterbeingthecause.)

3.Choleraisa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkis

similartocholeratoday?

(Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDS

beeausetheyarebothserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpu

blichea1thcaretosolvethem.)

StepVIUsingthestagesforscientificresearchandwriteasum

mary.

Period2&3Languagefocus

StepIWarmingup

1.characteristic。

①n.aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsomeonethatistypicalofthem

andeasytorecongnize.特性；特性。

WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCan

adians.

②。a.verytypicalofaparticu1arthingorofsomeone'scharace

r典型性的,

Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.

WindydaysarecharacteristicofMarch.

［辨析］characteristic與character

characteristic是可數名詞，意為“與眾不同的特性“

character表達（個人、集體、民族特有的）“性格、品質”，還意為“人物；文字”

Whatyouknowabouthimisn'thisrea1character.

2.putforward:tostateanideaoropinion,ortosuggestaplanor

person,forotherpeop1eto

consider提出

Heputforwardanewtheory.

Theforeignershaveputfbrwardaproposa1forajointventure.

Aninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearound

Marshasbeenputforward.

☆puton穿上；戴上;增長叩utout熄滅（燈）；撲滅（火Aputupwith…忍

受。putdown寫下來；放下；putoff耽誤；延期a。putup建立；建造，

putup舉起,搭建，粘貼

3.analyze:toexamineorthinkaboutsomethingcarefullyinordertoun

derstandit°vt.分析結果、檢討、細察

Acomputeranalysesthephotographssentbythesatellite.

Theearthquakeexperttriedtoanalyzethecauseoftheearthquakeo

ccurredonMay12,2023.

oLet'sana1yzetheprob1emandseewhatwentwrong.

。Heana1yzedthefoodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison.

Wemusttrytoana1yzethecausesofthestrike.

☆analysism.分析，解析，分解

4.conc1ude>decidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringa1thein

formationyouhave。得出結論;推論出。toendsth.suchasameetingorspeech

bydoingorsayingonefinalthingvt.&vi結束,終止；

Weconcludedthemeetingat8o'clockwithaprayer.

。Fromhisappearancewemaysafe1yconcludethatheisaheavysmok

er.

Whatdoyouconcludefromthesefacts?

?Weconcludetogoout/thatwewouIdgoout.

conclusionn.結論

oarriveataconc1usion；cometoaconelusion;drawaconclusion;re

achaconelusion

Whatconelusiondidyoucometo/reach/draw/arriveat?

Fromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthe

pyramidswerebuilt.

Step2Reading

1.defeat

①vt?towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,g

ameetc.打敗,戰勝，使受挫

rvetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!

Ourteamdefeatedtheirsinthegame.

②n.失敗，輸fai1uretowinorsucceed

Thismeansadmittingdefeat.

Theyhavegotsixvictoriesandtwodefeats.

［辨析］win,beat與defeat

①win“贏得”賽事、戰事、某物；后接人時，意為“爭取贏得…的好感或支持；說服”

②beat“戰勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對手，可與defeat互換

Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.

Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.

The1ocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeating

a11theothertearns.

Icaneasi1ybeat/defeathimatgolf.

Heistraininghardtowintheraceandrealizehisdreamof

becomingachampionatthe2023OlympicGames.

2.expert

。①n.osomeonewhohasaspecia1skillorspecia1knowledgeofasub

Ject專家，能手

oanexpertinpsychology?anagricultura1expert

②a.。havingspecia1ski11orspecia1knowledgeofasubject純熟的,

有專門技術的

anexpertrider0aliexpertjob需專門知識的工作

oHeisexpertin/atcooking.

3.attendvt.&vi參與,注意，照料

(Dbepresentat參與attendaceremony/lecture/amovie/school/c1

ass/ameeting

Ishallbeattendingthemeeting.

Pleaseletmeknowifyouareunabletoattendtheconference.

②attendto(on)：to1ookafter,carefor,serve服侍，照顧，看護

Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.

DrSmithattendedherinhospitai.治療

Areyoubeingattendedto?接待

Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.

③attendto解決，注意傾聽。a11endtothematter

oAnurseattendstohisneeds.

Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?

Imaybelate-1havegotoneortwothingstoattendto.

Excuseme,butIhaveanurgentmattertoattendto.

［辨析］attend,join,joinin與takepartin

①attend指參與會議、上課、上學、聽報告等

②join指加入某組織、團隊，成為其中一員

③joinin指加入某種活動；表達與某人一起做某事joinsb.insth.

④takepartin指參與正式的、有組織的活動，切在活動中起積極作用

Only2peopleattendedthemeeting.

HejoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguein2023.

Willyoujoinusinthegame?

Weoftentalepartintheafter—classactivities.

4.expose：toshowsth.thatisusuallycovered

exposesth.tothe1ightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下

Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).我威脅要(向警察)揭發他.

Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮膚暴露在陽光下.

Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.

Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.

5.cure?>vt.&n.<>tomakesomeonewhoisi11wel1agian治療，痊愈

WhenI1eftthehospita11wascomp1ete1ycured.

①curesbofadisease

Whenyouhaveapaininyourshoulders,youwil1gotoseeadoctor.

Thedoctorwillcureyou.

Theonlywaytocurebackachejstorest.

Hewillcurethepaininyourshoulders

WhenIleftthehospitalIwascomplete1ycured.

0Theillnesscannotbecuredeasily.

Althoughtheboywasbeyondcure,hisparentstriedtocurehimofba

dhabits.

②acureforadisease

Aspirinissaidtobeawonderfu1cureforthepain.

?Thereisstillnocureforthecommoncold.

olsthereacertaincureforcanceryet?

@acureforsth.:toremoveaproblem,orimproveabadsituation

解決問題，改善困境

Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingpr

ices.

［辨析］cure與treat

①cure重要指痊愈，強調的是結果

②treat強調治療過程，指通過藥物、特別的食品或運動治療病人或疾病，不強調結

果。

Theycuredmeofmyinfluenza.

Theytreatedmewithanewdrug.

6.contro1wt.&n.。

①vt.：tohavepowerover,ru1e,direct控制，支配，管理

Hecannotcontrolhisfee1ings/anger.

Youaretryingtocontro1measthoughIwereyoursiave.

Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.

②beunderthecontro1of...；beincontro1of;

take/gaincontrolof;get/beoutofcontrol;Iosecontrol

of;beyondcontrol

Georgetook/gainedcontro1ofthebusinessafterhisfatherdied.

Thecarwentoutofcontro1anderashedintothepole.

theheadincontrolofthecountry

Thedriverlostcontro1ofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.

Mr.Brownisincontroloftheshop./Theshopisinthee

ontrolofMr.Brown.

Thismoneyisundercontro1ofMrBrown.

Who'sincontro1oftheproject?

Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontro1.

7.suggestev.建議；暗示;表白

①suggest+doing/sth./that-clause

Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.

Whatdidyousuggesttotheheadmaster?

Isuggested1eavingear1yfortheairport.

Shesuggestedthatherfather(shou1d)giveupsmoking.

他建議我們參觀長城。

HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.

HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWal1.

Hesuggestedthatwe(shou1d)visittheGreatWa11.

②suggest(暗示，表白)+從句不用虛擬語氣。

Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.

Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.

Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasserious1yi11.

Hisworksuggeststhatheisacarefu1man.

8.absorb

①totakesth.inespecia1lygradual1y吸取

P1antsabsorbcarbondioxide.

Incoldc1imates,housesneedtohavewa11sthatwi11

absorbheat.

Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblo11ingpaper（吸墨紙）.

Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesma11compani

esintoitsownorganizations

②tounderstandfactsorideascompletelyandrememberthem

Nt'shardtoabsorbsomuchinformation.

☆beabsorbedin=concentrateon專心于

HeisabsorbedinheresearchofChinesehistoryrecently.

Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgotf1ickthe

ashesfromhiscigar.IwassoabsorbedinabookthatIdidn't

hearyouca11.

☆absorbone'saitention

Chinesehistoryabsorbshiattentionrecently.

9.suspect:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrueor1ikely,especia11ysom

ethingbad

①vt.懷疑，猜疑。n.嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人。adj.可疑的，靠不住的

suspectsb.ofdoingsth.懷疑某人做…

Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.

②認為，猜想

Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.

10.severea.

①soserious,sobad。嚴厲的，苛刻的，嚴格的

Comeon!Don'tbesoseverewiththechildren.

Hisreportcontainsseverecriticismofthecompany?sactions.

Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.

②veryharmfu1orpainfu1,seriousoruncomfortab1e（疼痛）劇烈，的嚴重

的，

Iwascaughtinaseverestorm1astnightandcou1dn'tgobackhome

intime.

Hehassuchaseverei1Inessthathehasbeeninhospital.

Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.

oHehadaseverepainintheleg.

11.fbresee:toknowthatsth.isgoingtohappenbefbreitactuallyhap

pensvt.預見，預料

Themethodwasusedinwaysthatcou1dn'thavebeenforese

enbyitsinventors.

Fewanalystsforesawthatoilricewou1drisesosteeply.

Noonecou1dhaveforeseenthingswou1dturna11hisway.

It'simpossibletoforeseehowlifewillworkout.

12.blame^v.責備；譴責；把...歸咎于。n.過失;責備

①blamesb./sth.forsth.:tosayorthinkthatsb.orsth.is

responsiblefbrsth.bad

因…而指責

It9snotfairtoblameme.It'snotmyfault.

Theyb1amedthesecretaryforthede1ayoftheplan.

Manychi1drenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmista

kesinspeakingEnglish.

②blamesth.onsb./sth.把歸咎于：beresponsibleforsth.bad

Thepo1iceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack'scarelessd

riving.

③(be)toblame應受責備(積極表被動)；承擔責任

Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.

Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?

EitherheorIamtoblame.

Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year—oldboy,sayingt

hathewasnottheonetoblame.

Whoistoblameforthefire?

?taketheblame承擔責任tosaythatsth.isyourfault

Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.

⑤puttheblameon怪在...身上

It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.

13.1ookinto。調查,了解，研究，瀏覽，向…里看

We'lllookintothecaseassoonaspossible.

?Butnowtheauthorityislookingintothecostofmodifyinga11of

itswindows.

oThebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepo1iceare

nowlookingintothematter.

lookaround；lookafter,lookdownupon；lookfor;lookforwardlo;looklike；

lookover瀏覽，過目一遍；lookout；lookthrough瀏覽,檢查；lookon；look

upto;

14.handlevt.todea1with解決，買賣，操作n.把手，把柄

ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcan'thandlethem.解決

Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.買賣

Wedon9thandlethatsortofbook.買賣

Howshal1wehandletheprob1em.解決

Canyouhandlethesituationatpresent?解決

Ithasafreehandle.活把手

Helearnthowtohand1etheaxe.操作

15.1ink

①“連接，聯系

Thetwotownsare1inkedbyarailway.

Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.

Televisionstationsaroundtheworidare1inkedbysatel1ites.

Thenewbridgewil1linktheis1andtothemainland.

②n.

Researchershavedetectedalinkbetweensmokingandhea

rtdisease.

Istherea1inkbetweensmokingand1ungdisease?

A1otoflinksfittedtogetherformachain.

linkup(with)連接,結合;link.,.with/to把…與相連接

16.announce

①tomakeknownpublie1y;togiveinformationusinga1oudsp

eaker,esp.atanairportorrailwaystation;tointroduceaprogramonT

Vorradio

ThenewswasannouncedbyRadioBeijing.

Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.

Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingto1and.

Thegovemmentannouneedthattheywouldbuildanewhi

ghwaytothemountain.

Thearmyannouncedacease-fire.

Theannouncerannouncesthreeprogramsaweek.

IthasbeenannouncedthatMr.AandMissBwillbemarriednextweek.

②announcement

trainapproachannouncement

Hewaitedfortheannouncementoftheresultofthecompetitio

n.

☆makeanannouncement

17.instruct:toteach;toorder

—Whoinstructsyourclassinhistory?--MrB1ack.Heisourin

structor.

Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthistelephone.

I'vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.

Thedoctorinstructedmetostayinbed.

Theo1dworkersinstructusnotonlyinwordsbutdeeds.

☆instruction:detai1eddirectionsonprocedure;anorder;t

eaching

ThebossgavemesomanyinstructionsatonetimethatIgotmu

ddiedup.

Weforgottoreadtheinstructions.(aninstruetionbook)

UnderBerry'sinstruction,Islowlymasteredtheartofglassblowing.

Hegaveustheinstruetionstofinishtheworkassoonasposs

ible.

Alwaysreadtheinstructionsonthebottiecarefullyandtakethe

rightamountofmedicine.

Period4Learningaboutlanguage(Grammar)

Teachingaims

Tohelpstudentslearnto