附錄2外文資料The

study

with

regard

to

deep

foundation

pit

during

geotechnical

engineering

constructionAtpresentoftherockengineering,

theexcavationofdeepfoundation

andsupportingstructure

relateto

theengineeringgeology,

engineering

structure,

buildingmaterials,

constructiontechnology

etc.

Becausesupportingstructure

iscomposedof

several

independentfunction

system.Regardlessoftheoverall

functionalstructuredesign

andconstructionorganization.It

should

starttoeach

partcoordinationtoensuresafe,reliable,

economicalandreasonable.

Thisessaymainlyanalyzesthe

deepfoundationsupporting

problemsand

ofgeotechnicalengineeringconstruction.Keywords:Geotechnicalengineering;

Deepexcavation;Supporting;Building

constructionThefoundationengineering

isapractical

and

verystrongempirically

discipline.Intheactualconstruction,weneedface

moreandmore

deep

foundationtrend.Especiallythe

increase

of

environmentalprotectionrequirementsonnowadays.Weneedmore

rigorousscientificattitude

totreatthe

deepfoundationsupport.Thearticlewilldiscussdeepfoundation

supportingaboutthecommonproblems

andthecountermeasuresinthiscontextstudying.

Theauthorhopessumup

and

improvethetechnicallevel

inthefutureengineeringpractice

constantly,andmakescontributionforthe

developmentoftheoryandpracticeof

deepfoundationpitengineering.Thereareproblemsintheconstructionofdeepfoundationpitsupport.1.slopingrepair

isnotuptothestandard

ofoverbreak

andunderbreak

phenomenon

in

constructionofdeepfoundationpit

intheactual

requirements.Theseare

affectedbythe

constructionmanagement

isnotinplaceand

themanipulator

operationlevel

andotherfactors.It

makestheslope

surface

mechanicalexcavation

the

flatness

andstraightness

ofirregular,

andtheartificial

repairs

and

duetothelimitationof

not

forthedepthofexcavation.It

oftenappears

retainingpayment

ofoverbreak

and

underbreakphenomenon.

Thesearemorecommon

deficiency

intheconstruction

ofdeepfoundationpitsupportengineering.2.Thedifferencesbetweentheconstructionprocessandconstruction

design

of

deepfoundationpit

engineeringconstruction.Deepmixing

cement

pile

areofteninadequate,thiswillaffectcement-soilretainingGongmanchangeandthenmakethe

cementsoil

cracks.Inaddition,

intheactualconstruction,

shoddy

phenomenon

isnotuncommon,

thedesign

ofexcavation

deepfoundationpitexcavation

program

often

on

request

toreducethedeformationofbracingand

drawing.But

inactualconstruction,

itoften

regardlessof

thesepatterns,

robprogress,

diagramoflocal

benefit.This

cage

engravedmaster

willcause

Jerry

phenomenon.

Deep

excavationisaspaceproblem.

Thetraditionaldeepfoundationpitsupportingstructuredesignis

treatedasplane

strainproblem.

Theproblem

of

space

beforethetreatment

andrequiredbythe

planestress

moment

section

design

infailed.Thestructureofthesupportingstructure

shouldbeadjustedtoadapttotherequirementsofthe

space

effectof

excavation.

Thispointinthedesign

andactualconstructionis

bigger.Italsoneedhighvalue.3.Thesoilexcavationandslopesupportingdonotformacompletesetofearthworkexcavationtechnologyincludinglead's,

sotheorganizationmanagement

iseasy.

While

retaining

the

hightechnicalcontent,

constructionorganization

and

managementaremore

complexaboutearthworkexcavation.

Sointheactualconstructionprocess,thelargeengineeringiscompletedby

aprofessionalconstructionteamusually.Andthevastmajorityare

twoparallel

contract.

So,

intheconstructionofharmonious

managementareverydifficult.Earthworkconstructionunitsto

grabprogress,

dragperiod,

openbiddingand

aressequence

ischaotic,

especially

proposeanother

periodof

construction,

andevenregardlessofretaining

construction

workrequiredforthe

surface,

leavinga

first

supportingconstruction

surface

isalmost

unabletooperate,

time

cannotbecompleted.

Nursing

work,

theundergroundconstruction

projectbelongstothegeotechnicalengineering,

qualificationdoesnotlimitstrictly,foundationpitengineering

subcontract

ismorecommon,someconstructionunits

donothavethe

technicalconditions.Inpursuitofprofitsandmodifyonengineeringdesign,

broad's

safetydegree.

Sitingmanagement

confusion,resultingindanger,

not

theinformationconstruction

anddynamicmanagement.

Thisisoneof

problemsindeepfoundationpitsupport

construction.Implementationstrategiesofdeepexcavationingeotechnicalengineering:Changethetraditionaldeepexcavationengineeringdesign.Inrecentyears,

ourcountryhasaccumulatedalotofexperiencereallyindeepexcavationtechnologyandworkedoutthelawsofrocksupportingchangesintheactualhookstretchedpreliminarily.Forbuildingthesoundnewtheoriesandmethodsofdeepfoundationpitsupportingstructuredesigntolayagoodfoundation.Butfor

rockandsoil

ofretainingstructureofdeepfoundationpit

design

and

constructionmethodof

practicaltraining

isstill

intheprocessoflearninganddiscussing.Andatpresentthereisnounified

supportstructuredesignnorms

and

socks

better.

Thedistributionofearthpressureaccordingto

Kulun

orRankine

theorytodetermine,retainingpiles

arestillusing"equivalentbeammethod"

tocalculate.

Theseold

calculationtheoryof

thecalculatedresultswiththe

supportingstructureofdeepfoundationpitandtheactualstress

oflargedifference,

neithersafenoreconomic.

Therefore,

theconstruction

ofretainingstructureofdeepfoundationpit

design

shouldnot

use

thetraditional"loadstructure

method",

butitshould

changethetraditionaldesignideacompletely,andestablish

informationdynamicgraduallytofeedback

design

systembasedontheconstructionmonitoring

oriented.2.Payattentiontoobservedeformation

and

remedytimely.Geotechnical

engineeringof

deepfoundationpitsupportingstructure

observationofdeformationincludes:Viewingofthepitslopedeformation.,observationof

deformation,surroundingbuildings

andundergroundpipelines.Overthemonitoringdatacanbeanalyzedinatimelymannerandtokeepabreastofearthexcavationandsupportdesigninthepracticalapplicationcase.Analyzingtheexistenceofdeviationcanunderstanddeformedconditionofthesoilexcavationandearthworkexcavationaswellastheimpactofthesettlementofthecase,suchasdeformationofundergroundpipelines.

Thedeviation

indesigning,

correcting

designofthetraining

parameterstimelyinthelower

construction,the

construction

site

totakeappropriate

remedial

and

controlmeasures.

Therefore,requireon-site

deformationobservation

datamustbeaccurate

andreliable.

AndInstrictaccordancewiththerequirementsofthedeformationobserverscarefullymeasuringpredetermineddesignside,seriousandresponsibletoensurequalityoftheobservation.Ifyoufindanomaliesintheactualmeasurement,youneedtotakeimmediatemeasurestopreventitanditseviloncelargedeformationorsliding,immediatelyanalyzethemainreasontomakereliablereinforcementdesignandconstructionprogramsthatworkquicklyandreinforcementeffectivelypreventthedeformationorslidingcontinuetodevelop.Normsaswellaslocalandregionalresearchandapplicationengineeringexperiencehavebeentheexcavationindustry.Forcurrentlyusedbyexpertsintheformofmajordomesticcomplicatedexcavationoftheprojecttoensuresafety.Reducethecosteffectiveandrealisticapproach.3.Constructionqualityofdrawingexcavationalltheway.Geotechnicalconstructiondeepexcavationliesprocesscontrol.Ifcontrollinkofconstructionprocesshassomeproblems,itwillbedifficulttocorrectandrepair.Sothepenaltydoormustbestrictlycontroltheconstructionprocessmanagementtoinsurethequalityofconstruction.附錄3中文翻譯巖土工程施工中關于深基坑支護的探討目前在巖土工程中，深基坑的開挖及支護結構涉及工程地質、工程結構、建筑材料、施工工藝等諸多方面。因為支護結構是由若干具有獨立功能的體系組成的整體,所以不管是結構設計還是施工組織都應從整體功能動身,要把各個組成部分協調好,才能確保它的平安牢靠、經濟合理。本文主要解析了巖土工程施工中深基坑支護出現的問題及處理。關鍵詞：巖土工程；深基坑；支護；建筑施工當前基坑工程專業是一門好用性及閱歷性很強的學科，在實際施工中面臨著基坑越來越深的趨勢，尤其是在環保要求漸漸提高的今日，我們須要以更加嚴謹的科學看法來對待深基坑支護問題，文章正是在這樣的背景下探討了深基坑支護中常見的問題及其處理對策，作者以期在今后的工程實踐中不斷總結和提高技術水平，為發展深基坑工程的理論和實踐做出貢獻。一、深基坑支護施工中存在的問題1.邊坡修理達不到規范要求實際的深基坑施工中常存在超挖和欠挖的現象，都是由于受到施工管理人員不到位以及機械操作手的操作水同等多種影響因素的影響，使得機械開挖后的邊坡表面的平整度和順直度不規則，而人工修理時又由于條件的限制不行能作深度挖掘，故常常性的會出現擋土支付后出現超挖和欠挖現象。這是深基坑支護工程施工中較為常見的不足之處。2、施工過程與施工設計的差異大深基坑支護工程施工中，深層攪拌樁的水泥摻量常常不足，這就會影響水泥土的支護弓曼變，進而使得水泥土發生裂縫，另外，在實際施工中，偷工減料的現象也并不少見，深基坑挖土設計中常常對挖土程序有所要求來削減支護變形，并進行圖紙交底，而實際施工中往往不管這些框框，搶進度，圖局部效益，這籠刻主就會造成偷工減料現象的發生。深基坑開挖是一個空間問題。傳統的深基坑支護結構的設計是按平面應變問題處理的。在未能進行空間問題處理前而需按平面應刻段設設計時，支護結構的構造要適當調整，以適應開挖空間效應的要求。這點在設計與實際施工相差較大，也須要引起高度的重視。3.土層開挖和邊坡支護不配套土方開挖技術含引氏，組織管理簡單。而擋土支護的技術含量高，施工組織和管理都較土方開挖困難。所以在實際的施工過程中，大型的工程一.般都是由專業的施工隊伍來完成的，且絕大部分都是兩個平行的合同。這樣，在施工中協調管理的難度大，土方施工單位搶進度，拖工期，開招頃序較亂，特另提雨期施工，甚至不顧擋土支護施