1Veni,vidi,vici.Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.JuliusCaesar(凱撒)

2Outline

Bornandfamily

Politicallife

ThedeathofCaesarAssessmentCaesar’sreforms

Caesar’sworks3Born:inRomeonJuly12or13100BCinaNoblefamilyDistinguishedandinfluentialfamily

Relatives:manyofhisrelativesplaystheroleasConsul

(執(zhí)政官),grandjustice(大法官)andsoonUncle:SextusJuliusthegrandjustice(大法官)Aunt:JuliamarriedfamousGaiusMarius(馬略)Father

：ministoroffinanceandviceroy(總督)Mother：fromapowerfulnoblefamily4Politicallife：onthewayup69BC：Quaestor（財務官吏）65BC：Aedile（行政官）62BC：Praetor（執(zhí)政官）

62BC：

CaesarwasappointedtogovernSpain,probablywithproconsular(總督)powers.69bc：Hisauntandwifebothdied.ThenheleftforSpain

forwork.63BC：

HeranforelectiontothepostofPontifexMaximus(大祭司長）,chiefpriestoftheRomanstatereligion.560BC:Threeoverlordsform

analliance------

thefirstTriumvirate

(三頭同盟)CaesarPompey(龐貝)Crassus（克拉蘇）6Thegentry

﹨—／﹨—

MarcusBibulus

(畢布路斯）7GallicWars

（高盧戰(zhàn)爭）AaggressivewaragainstGaul(高盧).Toenlargethecontinentandaggrandizehimself.8CivilWarVSAfterthat,thehumanworldisatragedy;nottocrosstheriver,ismyownruin.9RunawaytoEgyptandKilledbyEgyptian

龐培PompeyCaesarfellinlovewiththeEgyptianqueenCleopatra.10CaesarwasnowmasterofRomeandmadehimselfconsulanddictator.Heusedhispowertocarryoutmuch-neededreforms,themostimportantofwhichwashisreformofthecalendar.ReformsRelievingDebtEnlargingthesenateBuildingtheForumIulium11Caesar’sReformspublicworks

：

builtforum(公共討論的廣場)andmanyotherpublicworksreform

ofthecalendar(儒略歷)Thecalendaratthetimewasregulatedbythemovementofthemoon,andthishadresultedinagreatdealofdisorder.CaesarreplacedthiscalendarwiththeEgyptiancalendar,whichwasregulatedbythesun.Hesetthelengthoftheyearto365.25daysbyaddinganintercalary/leapdayattheendofFebruaryeveryfourthyear.12TheDeathofCaesarHissuccessandambitionalienatedstronglyrepublicansenators.Agroupofthese,ledbyCassiusandBrutus,assassinatedCaesarontheIdesofMarch44BC.13TheDeathofCaesarMar15th44b.cCaesar’swaskilledMar15th44b.cCaesar’swaskilled.14HisworksDuringhislifetime,Caesarwasregardedasoneofthebestorators（演講家）andprose（散文）authorsinLatin—evenCicero（西塞羅）spokehighlyofCaesar'srhetoricandstyle.OnlyCaesar'swarcommentarieshavesurvived.15HisworksMemoirs

/wiki/File:Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico.jpgCommentariideBelloGallico,usuallyknowninEnglishasTheGallicWars《高盧戰(zhàn)記》TheCommentariideBelloCivili(TheCivilWar)《內戰(zhàn)記》OtherworkshistoricallyhavebeenattributedtoCaesar,buttheirauthorshipisindoubt.16AssessmentJuliusCaesarwasaRomangeneral,statesman,ConsulandnotableauthorofLatinprose.Caesarisdeemedtobeoneofthegreatestmilitarycommandersinhis