2022-2023年四川省資陽(yáng)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Differentfromlargeorganicfarms,smallorganicfarmsweremainlyengagedin______.

2.

Ifthereasonwhyachildhatesschoolisfound,______canalwaysbefound.

3.

AccordingtoDr.Weeks,sleephasa(n)______function.

A.time-savingB.energy-savingC.life-savingD.money-saving

4.

ThesuccessofexpandingforeignmarketshasinfluencedthedomesticculturalenvironmentofU.S.aswellasthecountriesthathaveopenedtheirmediamarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.TheMagicofMemory

—ByLaurenceCherry

Ourmemoriesareprobablyourmostcherishedpossessions.Morethananythingelseweown,theybelonguniquelytous,definingourpersonalitiesandourviewsoftheworld.Eachofuscansummonthousandsofmemoriesatwill:ourfirstdayatschool,afavoritefamilypet,asummerhouseweloved.Andyetthemarvelofmemorycontinuestobeatantalizing(挑逗性的)mystery.Nevertheless,withinthepastfewyearsgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinunderstandingwhatmemoryis,howitworks,andhowitmaypossiblybeimproved."We'restandingatthebrinkofawholenewerainmemoryresearch,"saysDr.StevenFerris,apsychologistattheMillhauserGeriatric(老年醫(yī)學(xué)的)Clinic."Forthefirsttime,there'sageneralfeelingthatwe'rereallyontherighttrack."

Foryears,theprevailingtheorywasthatrememberingwassomehowconnectedtoelectricalactivityinsidethebrain.Butwithinthepastdecade,it'sbecomeclearthatchemicalchangesmustalsobeinvolved,otherwiseourmemoriescouldneversurvivedeep-freeze,coma,anesthesia(麻醉)andothereventsthatradicallydisruptthebrain'selectricalactivity.Ingeniousresearchoverthepastfewyearshasdemonstratedthatbiochemicalchangesdoindeedaccompanylearningandremembering.Inonedramaticexperiment,mice,whousuallypreferthesafetyofdarkness,weretaughttofearthedarkandwerethenkilled.Extractsoftheirbrainswereinjectedintountrainedmice,andtheythenbegantoshunthedark.Otherexperimentershaveshownthattheamountsofcertainchemicals,suchasRNA(核糖核酸),radicallyincreasewithlearning,asdotheamountsofcertainneurotransmitters(神經(jīng)傳遞素)—chemicalsreleasedbybraincellsthathelpconductnerveimpulsesfromonebraincelltoanother.Memory,then,isalsochemicalinnature,althoughexactlyinwhatwayremainsamystery.

Almostallmemoryresearchersnowagreethatourbrainsrecord—andonsomelevelremember—everythingthateverhappenstous.Manypeoplewho'venarrowlyescapedsuddendeath,suchassoldiersandmountainclimbers,havereportedthatinthefewsecondsthatseemedlefttothemastreamoflong-lostmemoriesflashedbeforethem.ThefirstexperimentalconfirmationthatthebraindoesrecordeveryexperienceinthisminutewaycamesomeyearsagofromDr.WilderPenfieldoftheMontrealNeurologicalInstitute.Hehopedtocureepileptics(癲癇病人)bystimulatingapartoftheirbrainscalledthetemporalcortex(腦的顳皮層)withamildelectriccurrent.Becausethebrainisimmunetopain,Penfieldwasabletooperatewithhispatientsfullyawake.Tohisastonishment,simplybytouchingthebrainsofsomepatientswiththetipofhiswire-thinelectrode(電極)hewasabletoevokeastonishinglypreciseandvividmemories."Iseeaguycomingthroughthefenceatthebaseballgame,"exclaimedonepatient,wheneverPenfieldtouchedtheupperpartofhislefttemporallobe(腦葉)."It'sthemiddleofthegame,andI'mbacktherewatchinghim)"Anotherwomanreportedbeingbackataconcertshehadonceattendedandcouldevenhumalongwiththeorchestrawheneverherbrainwasstimulated.

Investigatorsusinghypnosis(催眠術(shù))havebeenasastonishedasPenfieldattheamazingcapacityofourmemories.Onceinatrance(昏睡),goodhypnoticsubjectscanreportdetailedrecollectionsofeventsthattookplacedays,months,evendecadesago—which,whencheckedagainstoldrecordsanddiaries,turnouttobeaccurate."Everything,absolutelyeverything,isremembered,"saysonehypnotist.

Evensenilepatients,whocanhardlyrememberrecenteventsatall,retaintheabilitytoremembernewexperiences,butonlyver

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

TheauthorhadworkedintheheadquartersofStandardOilCompany.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.TheInternetmayberedefiningthewaythatstudents______.

A.learnhowtoexchangeunlimitedonlineinformation

B.haveagoodcommandofcopyingandpasting

C.cometoknowmusicfile-sharingandWeb-linking

D.understandtheconceptofauthorshipandsingularity

8.

InAustraliaadisturbingtrendarisesthatyoungpersonsbetweentheageof15to24aretakingtheirownlivesatanalarmingrate.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Ventlifediesquicklywhenexposedtolight.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Oxygenwasformedbytheprocesscalled______.

11.CommonFaultsandEyeMovement

Thereareanumberofbadhabitswhichpoorreadersadopt.Mostoftheseinvolveusingextrabodymovementinthereadingprocess.Inefficientreading,themusclesoftheeyeshouldmaketheonlyexternalmovement.Ofcoursetheremustbevigorousmentalactivity,butextrabodymovements,suchaspointingwiththefingerormovingthelips,donothelpreadingandoftenslowitdown.

POINTINGATWORDS

Afaultthatisoftenseenwhenstudentsaretryingtoconcentrateispointingtothewordswithafinger,pencilorruler.Youngchildrenandverypoorreadersoftenpointwithafingerateachwordinturn.Slightlymorematurereaderssometimesholdapencilorrulerunderneaththelinewhichtheyarereading.Whilemarkingthelinemightbehelpfulforbeginningreaders,itiscertainlyunnecessaryfornormalreaders.Besidesslowingdownthereaderthroughthemeremechanicalmovementofpencil,ruler,orfinger,pointingatlinesorwordstendstocausethestudenttofocushisattentiononthewrongthing.Theimportantthingtoconcentrateonwhilereadingistheideathattheauthoristryingtocommunicate,andnotthelocationofthewordsonthepage.Theeyesofanychildoldenoughtolearnhowtoreadarecertainlyskillfulenoughtobeabletofollowalineofprintwithoutextrahelpfromfingersorrulers.

Anothercommonfaultthatiseasilyobservedisheadmovement.Thismostoftenoccurswhenstudentsarenervousabouttheirreadingortryinghard,asduringareadingspeedtest.Withheadmovementthestudenttriestoaimhisnoseatthewordheisreadingsothatashereadsacrossthelinehisheadturnsslightly.Whenhemakesthereturnsweeptobeginanewlinehisheadquicklyturnsbacksothathisnoseispointedattheleft-handmargin,andhecannowbegintoreadthenewlinebyslowlyturninghishead.Thebeliefthatthisheadmovementaidsreadingispurenonsense.Eyemusclesarequitecapableofshiftingtheeyesfromwordtoword,andthe)'neednohelpfromneckmuscles.

Oftenstudentsarequiteunawarethattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereadingandtheyneedtoberemindedbytheteachernottodo-it.

VOCALIZATION

Vocalizationisanotherfault.Somepoorreadersthinkitnecessarytopronouncealoudeachwordasitisread.Usuallythispronunciationisquitesoft,sothatthestudentismorewhisperingtohimselfthanactuallyreadingaloud,buteventhisisveryundesirable.Thechiefdisadvantageofpronouncingwordswhileyoureadthemisthatittendstotiereading'speedtospeakingspeed,andthesilentreadingofmostnormalreadersisnearlytwiceasfastastheirspeaking.Usuallythisfaultcanbeeliminatedinolderstudentsbytheirownconsciouseffort,possiblywiththeaidofafewremindersfromtheteacher.

Vocalizationbybeginningreadersisacommonfault;afterareaderreachessomematurityitbecomesveryundesirable.

Vocalizationtakesvariousmodifiedforms.Sometimesareaderwillmerelymovehislipssoundlessly.Atothertimeshemaymaketongueorthroatmovementswithoutlipmovement.Stillotherreaderswillhaveactivitygoingonintheirvocalcords,whichcanbedetectedbythestudentifheplaceshisfingersalongsidehisvocalcordsinthethroatwhileheisreading.Vocalcordvibrationcanbefeltwiththefingersquiteeasily.Liketruevocalization,theseminorpartsof"subvocalization"--lipmovement,tongueorthroatmovementandvocalcordmovement--canbestoppedbyconsciouseffortofthestudent.

SUBVOCALIZATION

Subvocalizationisthemostdifficultofalltypesofvocalization.Insuhvocalizationthereisnobodymovement.Thelips,tongueorvocalcordsdonotmove.Butaninnertypeofspeechpersists:withinthestudent'smindheissayingeachwordtohimself,clearlyp

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Accordingtothewriter,mostofthecultureshockhappenswhenhe______.

A.wentintotheclassroomafterwork

B.leftclassandwentbacktowork

C.participatedinagroupproject

D.tookinacollegesportsevent

13.

Sincelanguageshavetobedesignedtosuithumanweaknesses,itbastobedesignedforbadprogrammers.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike______.

15.Morepeoplewouldusenotesandcointoprotect______whenelectroniccashpaymentsareunderstrictmonitoring.

16.

Competitionforgradesandotherpressuresaresupposedtotaketheresponsibilityof______.

17.CryosatshouldhelpfigureoutwhatishappeningattheWestAntarcticfringebecauseitsradaraltimetersshouldbeableto______.

18.

_____isageneralmechanismthatservestheentireanimalkingdom.

19.LynnJosephsuggeststhatbeforeconsideringthejobresearch,thedownsizedshouldfirst______.

A.modifytheirresumetomakeitmoreattractive

B.trytogetsomereemploymenttraining

C.seekhelpfromprofessionalcareercounselors

D.getoverthehurttotheirfeelingscausedbythelayoff

20.Whatdoes"elevatorspeech"refertointhispassage?

A.Thespeechthatisgiveninanelevator.

B.Ageneralexplanationforone'sjobloss.

C.Theformalspeechontopicofunemployment.

D.Adetaileddescriptionforthedownsizing.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(25)

A.Expandingandsecure.

B.Contracting,yetstable.

C.Growing,yetuncertain.

D.Promising,yetshrinking.

22.聽力原文：W:Thebell'sringing.Thecurtainwillgoupinthreeminutesforthenextact.We'dbetterdrinkupandgetbacktoourseatsrightnow.

M:Yeah,nobodylikesbeingdisturbedaftertheshowhasstarted.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(13)

A.Inatheater.B.Inaclinic.C.Atabank.D.Inaplane.

23.(32)

A.Toshowthekeyroleplayedbyairtrafficcontrollers.

B.Toshowthegreatresponsibilityshoulderedbythepilots.

C.Togiveanexampleofairdisasters.

D.Toshowthatairtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacar.

24.聽力原文：W:Tony,whoarethestreetpeople?Howdidtheygettobelivinginthestreet?

M:Well,someofthemlosttheirjobs,someofthemhavementalproblem,andsomeofthemdrink.

Q:Whichofthefollowingfactorsisnotmentionedasacauseofbecomingstreetpeople?

(18)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems.

D.Drinking.

25.聽力原文：M:Hello.

W:Hello,John.Thisis.FlorenceRichardson.I'msorrytophoneyouatthishour,butI'mexperiencingastickyissueandIcan'tthinkofanyonetogetadvicefrombesidesyou.

M:What'sup?

W:Well,ImovedtomypresentapartmentacoupleofmonthsagoandnowI'mthinkingtodefermystudiesandplanningtoreturntomyparents'placenextmonth.Today,Igavenoticetomylandlordbuthesaidhe'sunabletogivemydepositbacksinceIhavetostayaminimumofsixmonths.

M:Areyougivinghima-month-in-advancenoticetomove?

W:Yes,that'sexactlywhatIdidtoday.Inthetenancyagreementthat'sthetimeframe.requestedtonotifythelandlord.

M:Yes,that'stheusualpractice.Well,inthetenancyagreement,diditstatethatthere'saminimumofsixmonthsstayorthedepositwouldbeforfeited?

W:NotthatIcouldremember.Besides,Ihaveneverheardofsuchaclauseinthecontract.

M:Well,Ihaveneverheardofiteither.Itcouldbethelandlordistryingtointimidateyou.Perhapsyoushouldpullyourcontractoutandhaveawordwithhim.

W:Yes,that'sexactlywhatI'mthinkingOf.Buthesaidhespenttimeandmoneyonadvertisementtogetatenantanditwouldn'tbefaironhimifIjuststayedfortwomonths.

M:Well,that'snotthePoint,Florence.Itdoesn'tmatterhowmuchhespentonadvertisement,butthefactisheshouldn'tforceatenanttostayifheorshedoesn'twantto.Besides,ifthecontractdoesnotstatethetimeframe,thenheshouldn'timposeithimself.

W:Youareright,John.Youjustconfirmedmyreasoning.

M:Look,Florence,I'llgowithyoutoseethelandlordtomorrowandifhestillinsistsOnnotgivingyourdepositback,we'llgotothesmallclaimscourttogetyourmoneyback.

W:Thanks,John.Ireallyappreciatethat.

(20)

A.Shecan'tfindanewplacetolive.

B.Thelandlordwantshertomoveoutafteronlygmonths.

C.Shethinksshewillloseherdepositmoney.

D.Thecontractstatesshemuststayfor6monthssoshecan'tmove.

26.聽力原文：M：DoIlookgood?Imean，willtheinterviewerslikemyclothes?Iwanttogivethemagoodimpression．

W：Youlookgreat，honey．Remember，beyourself．Anyway，theyalelookingforsomeonewhoknowshowtorunanapartment，notamodel．

Q：Whatcanweknowabouttheman?

(17)

A.Hewantstobeamodel.

B.Hecarestoomuchabouthisappearance.

C.Heisabouttoattendaninterview.

D.Heisinchargeofanapartment.

27.

【B6】

28.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Whatwouldyoudoifyouheardastrangenoiseinthemiddleofthenight?

W:I'dlieawakealittlewhile,waitingtoseeifithappenedagain.Andifitdid,Iwouldgetupandseeformyselftodecidewhethertocall911.

Q:Howwouldyoudescribethewoman?

(12)

A.Curious.B.Lazy.C.Cautious.D.Cowardly.

29.聽力原文：W:WillwegettoSanFranciscobyship?

M:Ithinkso.We'llleaveLondononMonday,andwecanmakeitbyship.

Q:HowaretheygoingtoSanFrancisco?

(15)

A.TheywillsailtoSanFrancisco.

B.TheywillflytoSanFrancisco.

C.TheywilldrivetoSanFrancisco.

D.TheywilltakeatraintoSanFrancisco.

30.(22)

A.Itsuitsthosebestwhohavenofixedtimetostudy.

B.Itcanprovidemorechancesofeducation.

C.Itcantaketheplaceofthetraditionaleducation.

D.Thestudiesofonlineeducationismoreinteractive.

31.

【B8】

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Themancanhavehiscamerafixedhere.

B.Thewomanwillprobablyfixtheman'scameraherself.

C.Themanwillbuyanewcamera.

D.Thewomansuggeststhatthecamerashouldhavebeenbroughtinearlier.

33.(21)

A.Towireheroffice.

B.Tofixthetransformer.

C.Towireherbuilding.

D.Tofixthewires.

34.

【B4】

35.(29)

A.Quithiseating-outhabit.

B.Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.

C.Usethediscounttickets.

D.Investintoamutualfund.

36.聽力原文：ThestateofGeorgiaisinthemidstofamajordrought.Expertspredictthat,unlessitrains"catsanddogs"realsoon,thewholecityofAtlantawillhavenodrinkingwaterinfourmonths.LakeLanier,thesourceofAtlanta'swaterdeliverysystem,isnowatonly20percentofitsusuallevel.Tomakemattersworse,(29)whenGeorgiawaterofficialstriedtoblocktheflowoftheChattahoocheeRiversouthwardtoAlabamaandFlorida,thosestatesthreatenedGeorgiawithlawsuits.TheyclaimedthattheywerejustasdesperateforandentitledtothatriverwaterasGeorgiawas.

(30)TheGeorgiaCivilAirPatrolhasbeentryingtoseedthecloudsoverheadforthelastsixmonths,but,unfortunately,itdidn'twork.StateofficialsaskedthelocalCherokeeIndianstodoaraindance.TheIndianstoldthemtheywoulddoaraindancewhenthestatereturnedallthelandthatitstolefromtheCherokees.Officialshiredthenation'snumberonewaterfinder.Hefoundastillformakingwhiskey.

Finally,thegovernorhimselfheldapressconferenceonthestepsofthestatecapitolbuilding.Heaskedallthemediatobowtheirheads,raisedtheirhandstoheaven,andprayed."Lord,weareaskingforrelief,notforus,butforthesickandtheyounginthisstate.Thankyou,ohmostpowerfulLord."(31)TheGeorgiaAssociationofAtheistsimmediatelysuedthegovernorforconductingprayersessionsonstateproperty.

(30)

A.BecauseGeorgiaplannedtocutoffthehighwaystothem.

B.BecauseGeorgiacausedabigfirewhichaffectedthem.

C.BecauseGeorgiatriedtoblocktheChattahoocheeRiver.

D.BecauseGeorgiahadcutoffthefoodsupplytothem.

37.

【B9】

38.聽力原文："Thereisasenselessideathatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.AhighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalShelter.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyhighhousingcosts.

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure".Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

(30)

A.Youngadultsshouldleavetheirparentsandliveindependently.

B.Middleclassyoungadultsshouldstaylongerwiththeirparents.

C.Divorcedyoungadultsshouldmovebackhome.

D.Youngadultsshouldattendnearbycollegesinordertolivewiththeirparents.

39.(19)

A.Fivecontestantswoncars.

B.Thewomanmissedtheshow.

C.Themanateduringtheshow.

D.Fourcontestantsfailedtowinprizes.

40.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Naturalresourcesprovidealivingandshelterforhundredsofmillionsofpeopleinthedevelopingworld.Asthoselifesupportingnaturalresourcescomeunderthreatsodoesthe(36)______securityofmillionswhorelyonthem.Climatechange,watershortageandpopulationgrowtharesomeofthemostpowerfulandleastunderstoodenvironmental(37)______.

Usingthesubjectsofwater,climate,land,forestsandminerals,theexhibition(38)______notonlythewaysinwhichenvironmental(39)______canleadtoconflictsandnewsecuritythreats,butalsohowenvironmentalcooperationcan(40)______tosecurityandstability.

Theexhibit,(41)______byAdelphiResearch,focusesonhowmanmadeenvironmentalchangesaffectbothforeignand(42)______policy."Itdrawsadirectconnectionbetweennaturalresources,povertyandstabilityinvariouspartsoftheworld,"AdelphiResearchDirectorAlexanderCariusexplained.

Inaddition,theexhibition(43)______thelinkbetweenenvironmentandsecurityinCentralAsia,theareaofthesouthernprovincesoftheformerSovietUnion.

Theexhibitionalsoshowsthat(44)____________.

Speakersattheexhibitionpredictthatclimatechangewillalterourlives.(45)____________.Anumberofextremeweathereventsmayrendercitiesandtidalregionsuninhabitable,resultinginmassmigration.Theybelievethat(46)____________.

personal

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

TheSaidBusinessSchoolthinkstheirstudentsshouldtakecourseofvarioussubjectssothattheycouldcreate______overothers.

42.

Howdodoctorscommentontheproposal?

A.Itmaydamagedoctor-patientrelationship.

B.Thereisnocontroversyonthisissue.

C.Itisdefectiveandsomewhatunreasonable.

D.Doctorswilltendtobeinvolvedinmoremedicalcases.

43.

Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared

44.Somepeopleareaccustomedtothinkingthatfactsmusteitherbebelievedortheymustbedisbelieved—asifbeliefswerelikealightswitchwithonlytwopositions,onoroff.Myuseofthebathtubhoaxisintendedtoillustratethatbeliefdoesnothavetooperateasasimpleyesornochoice,allornothing.Beliefcanbemoreconditional;itcanbesomethingthatwedecidetohave"uptoapoint"or"toadegree".Andso,thequestionwemightaskourselveswhilereadingdoesnothavetobe"ShouldIbelieve'itornot?"butinsteadcanbe"HowmuchshouldIbelieveit?"Thislaterquestionimpliesthatthebeliefwehaveinanygivenfact,orinanygivenidea,isnotdeterminedbywhetheritsoundsrightorwhetherthesourceisanauthority.Itmeansthatourbeliefsaredeterminedbythereasonsthatjustifythem.

Beliefisnotamechanicalaction,broughtaboutbyinvariablerulesofnature.Itisahumanactivity,theexerciseofjudgment.Withthisinmind,wemightsaythatweperform.thisactionbetterwhenweknowwhatthereasonsarethathaveledtoourbelief,andwhytheyaregoodreasons.Theseobservationsdonotdepriveusofourabilitytobelieveinwhatweread.Theyarenotintendedtotransform.youfromcredulousbelieversintostubborndoubters.

Theprocessofweighingbeliefsagainstthequalityofreasonsisonethatyoualreadygothroughallthetime,whetheryouareawareofitornot.Wealldo.Thepracticeofcriticalreadingistheexerciseofthiskindofjudgmentonpurpose.Bydoingit,weprotectourselvesfrombeingledintobeliefforinadequatereasons,butatthesametimeweopenupourmindstothepossibilityofarrivingatbeliefforadequateones.Ifwedecidetograntorwithholdconsentbasedonthequalityofthereasonsthatwearegiven,weadmitatthesametimethattwothingsarepossible:Weadmitthatwemightconsentlessinthefutureifwediscoverthatthereasonsarenotsogoodafterall;andweadmitthatwemightconsentmoreifweareeverpresentedwithbetterreasonsthanwehadformerlyknown.Thisattitudeisnotpureskepticismanymorethanitispurecredulity.Itissomewhereinbetween.Itistheattitudeofanopen-mindedthinker,ofsomeonewhowishestoberesponsiblefordecidingforherselforhimselfwhattobelieve.

Theauthor'suseofthebathtubhoaxismeanttosuggestthat______.

A.beliefisnothingbutalightswitch

B.factsmustbebelievedunconditionally

C.nothingshouldbebelievedordisbelieved

D.beliefismorethanasimpleyesornochoice

45.

【C9】

46.

Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat______.

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

D.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

47.Theauthorofthepassageisaretired______.

A.physician

B.teacher

C.medicalresearcher

D.constructionworker

48.

AccordingtoPfunst'sexperiment,Hansmostprobablydidhisworkby______.

49.Asaform.ofsynergy,whatareavailablebetweenhigh-speedrailstationsandmajorairports?

50.

Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner'sneckbecause______.

A.theydon'tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn'thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

51.WhatdoesAnneMcGill-Franzen'sexperienceinthebookstoreillustrate?

A.Parentsopposegivingchildrenachoiceinbooks.

B.Readingaboutfictionalfiguresmakeschildrensmarter.

C.Manychildrenbooksareundervaluedinbookstores.

D.Thereexistsgenerationgapinselectingreadingmaterial.

52.

Accordingtotheauthor,thealphastatehasbeenshowntobe______.

A.unmeasurable

B.abriefburstofactivityinthebrain

C.unpleasantforsomepeople

D.comtrollable

53.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

ManyparentswhowelcometheideaoftinningofftheTVandspendingmoretimewiththefamilyarestillworriedthatwithoutTVtheywouldconstantlybeoncallasentertainersfortheirchildren.Theyrememberthinkingupallsortsofthingstodowhentheywerekids.Buttheirownkidsseemdifferent,lessresourceful,somehow.Whenthere'snothingtodo,theseparentsobserveregretfullythattheirkidsseemunabletocomeupwithanythingtodobesidesturningontheTV.

Onefather,forexample,says,"WhenIwasakid,wewerealwaysthinkingupthingstode,projectsandgames.Wecertainlynever