1流域概況蒼南縣位于浙江南部沿海，與福建省交界，屬浙中、南山區(qū)與沿海丘陵、平原的交叉地區(qū)。地勢西高東低，西部山區(qū)群山盤結(jié)，山澗峽谷陡峭；東部地勢平坦遼闊，河網(wǎng)縱橫交織，池塘星羅棋布。海域遼闊，海岸曲折，多港灣。沿浦河流域為蒼南縣東南部沿海一個獨立入海水系，沿浦河發(fā)源于鶴頂山西麓，經(jīng)十八孔水庫下泄至馬站溪下游與支流橫路坑匯合，貫穿馬站平原，經(jīng)沿浦水閘排入大海。云遮水庫壩址位于沿浦河十八孔水庫上游，壩址以上集雨面積8.03km2，河長3.2km，河道坡降110‰。壩址以上流域?qū)僦小⒌蜕角饏^(qū)，地勢西北高東南低呈階梯形遞降，山峰高程大都在620m～990m，坡降大，溪流湍急。流域水系見圖1。2水文氣象流域地處東南沿海，氣候溫和濕潤、光照充足、雨量充沛，屬中亞熱帶海洋型季風氣候，全年季節(jié)變化明顯，以溫和、濕潤、多雨為主要氣候特征。降水量年內(nèi)分配不均。春末夏初（4月16日~7月15日）由于太平洋副熱帶高壓逐漸加強，與北方南下冷空氣交綏，靜止鋒徘徊，形成連綿陰雨天氣，稱梅汛期；夏秋季（7月16日~10月15日）受太平洋副熱帶高壓控制，熱帶風暴或臺風活動頻繁，經(jīng)常發(fā)生大暴雨，稱臺汛期；10月16日~翌年4月15日稱非汛期，除出現(xiàn)少數(shù)雨雪天氣外，基本以晴冷、干燥天氣為主。根據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計，多年平均氣溫為18.1℃，多年平均日照時數(shù)1696h，平均無霜期達300d以上，多年平均降雨量1442.5mm，實測最大年降雨量為2527.3mm（1990年），最小年降雨量為770.9mm（1967年）。圖1流域水系圖3徑流量根據(jù)降水徑流計算得到的云遮水庫壩址1962年～2009年共48年徑流系列，經(jīng)P-Ⅲ型曲線適線，變差系數(shù)Cv=0.43，偏態(tài)系數(shù)Cs=2.5Cv，適線成果見表1、圖2。表1云遮水庫設(shè)計年徑流計算成果表計算斷面云遮水庫壩址集水面積(km2)8.03多年平均降雨量(mm)1442.5多年平均流量(m3/s)0.202多年平均徑流深(mm)792.2多年平均徑流總量(萬m3)636.2Cv0.43Cs/Cv2.5代表年流量（m3/s）P=10%0.318P=50%0.186P=90%0.105表3云遮水庫各月平均流量表單位：m3/s年12345678910111219620.1490.0500.1470.2730.7110.5450.4000.2950.4770.3880.0940.0430.30019630.0190.0090.0040.0050.0400.1630.4260.1270.8370.1710.0800.0350.16219640.0510.1140.0990.0440.1410.4650.0910.1380.2400.1070.0340.0150.12719650.0070.0030.0050.2710.3390.5810.1640.6630.1860.1030.0480.0280.20019660.0130.0830.1420.2620.1260.2500.0780.1410.4250.0970.0390.0270.14119670.0120.0470.1620.1940.0940.2560.0460.0200.0090.0040.0020.0030.07119680.0000.0370.0820.0860.1760.6620.2800.0900.1060.1350.0280.0130.14119690.0600.2180.2550.1520.2390.3740.1060.1160.3020.2100.0610.0280.17719700.0130.0060.1630.2610.2750.3750.1590.0980.6080.1530.0600.1020.19119710.0680.0330.0190.0380.0240.2200.1030.0530.6740.2140.0920.0510.13319720.0440.1760.0700.2050.2350.3310.2781.3520.2980.1420.0620.0280.26919730.0140.0460.0680.6340.6660.4370.3110.1270.1480.2990.0770.0300.23919740.0140.0110.0220.0140.1530.2420.1480.2470.0770.1330.1000.0300.10019750.0550.2760.2090.2150.4540.5090.1000.1460.0480.3250.0570.0250.20119760.0110.0180.0780.2360.1710.4780.2810.0580.0280.1050.0380.0140.12619770.0380.0250.0160.0830.1640.2580.1760.4540.1220.0660.0230.0210.12119780.0500.0590.2880.4280.3750.4380.1050.5050.2950.0740.0870.0240.22619790.0120.0510.3960.2790.2430.2370.0530.1530.1290.0320.0150.0070.13419800.0030.0370.2680.3280.3210.1440.0390.1060.1020.0420.0230.0140.11819810.0070.0040.2160.3350.4150.2330.1410.0930.4910.2330.0810.0350.19219820.0160.0160.1660.0970.1210.3930.1780.1900.0900.0330.3040.1690.14919830.1610.1490.3790.4800.2270.3590.2020.3650.2270.0730.0320.0150.22219840.0070.0040.0670.4340.2060.2480.0710.1460.3340.0590.0270.0120.13419850.0060.0430.2740.1380.1510.1570.0380.4070.5290.1280.0560.0260.16319860.0120.0080.2430.2480.2100.1160.0370.0170.0630.0490.0720.0150.09119870.0070.0080.1180.2980.1370.1340.0450.0390.3580.0680.1090.0750.11719880.0200.0560.3450.2690.3670.5580.1530.1340.4800.1250.0510.0240.21519890.2180.0880.1030.1670.7290.3130.3100.2960.2260.0710.0460.0610.22119900.1670.2840.2190.4580.3630.4630.1700.6542.2690.3850.1910.0820.47719910.0380.0180.2540.3110.1050.2600.1000.0560.3180.2200.0710.0440.15019920.1180.2520.4430.2820.1620.1730.5930.3191.2010.2590.1150.0530.321續(xù)表云遮水庫各月平均流量表單位：m3/s年12345678910111219930.0240.0360.0780.1350.4130.3530.1160.0370.0290.0190.0500.0800.11519940.0180.1240.1620.1570.1750.5730.3190.9910.4660.2090.0770.1680.28719950.1060.1250.1710.1820.2780.7440.3480.1650.0560.2880.0530.0220.21119960.0100.0050.2260.2680.1000.2820.0710.4760.1690.0630.0780.0200.14819970.0180.0740.1790.2750.3710.3300.5840.7270.4910.1320.0620.0690.27419980.1150.4710.3950.1300.2490.9270.2250.0960.1310.0450.0340.0180.23419990.0180.0040.1910.2640.6060.3120.2280.7010.1270.0800.0290.0130.21620000.0060.0090.0630.1810.0630.7530.4080.4780.1740.1400.1600.0950.21020010.1250.1270.1990.2710.3250.3830.1040.2100.2280.3500.0710.0370.20320020.0750.0710.1110.1600.1990.4430.3140.5210.5740.1380.1040.0770.23420030.0740.1330.1040.2320.2530.1740.0480.2090.0710.0250.0200.0060.11220040.0030.0240.1610.1730.1820.0680.2400.2970.5000.1070.0590.1100.16120050.0520.2220.1120.0920.5170.6991.4890.4720.2650.2060.0600.0270.35320060.0160.0170.1250.1930.4841.0520.4940.9220.3980.1240.0940.1100.33720070.0680.0760.1160.1850.1150.5630.1061.2001.0401.0990.2680.1460.41820080.1070.2330.1550.4960.1780.4070.5560.3300.8230.4900.1790.0640.33520090.0290.0140.1630.2410.0940.4360.1860.7400.1720.1480.1050.0430.199最小值0.0000.0030.0040.0050.0240.0680.0370.0170.0090.0040.0020.0030.071最大值0.2180.4710.4430.6340.7291.0521.4891.3522.2691.0990.3040.1690.477平均值0.0470.0830.1670.2320.2650.3930.2340.3370.3630.1700.0770.0470.2024工程任務(wù)云遮水庫工程是以供水為主，兼顧防洪及改善水環(huán)境等綜合利用水利工程。云遮水庫的工程任務(wù)主要為優(yōu)化配置水資源，緩解近、遠期馬站鎮(zhèn)工農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的用水之憂。保證馬站小流域溪中下游左右岸的居民生活用水和工業(yè)用水保證率達到95％。5供需平衡和徑流調(diào)節(jié)計算（1）庫容曲線根據(jù)2012年實測的1/2000庫區(qū)地形圖進行量算，水庫水位、面積及庫容關(guān)系見表4。表4水庫水位～面積～庫容關(guān)系表高程（m）面積（m2）庫容（m3）高程（m）面積（m2）庫容（m3）6400901299391175628662119141391136597130888268558488429214259414484677083692270293148766159413672120994305794154886174595274160707113295161271190401976206651077719616864220689627833085161036971759532241247805073624423098182997242071082678513624039919207026082258487716517546