高三下學期英語一模試卷一、完形填空1.完形填空ALabradorhasbeendoinganimportantjobtohelppeoplestaysafeduringtheCOVID-19

pandemic.Eight-year-oldRobyrunsthroughthestreetsofthehillycityofMedellinseveraltimesadaywith

a

1 inhisjaws,takingvegetables,fruitandpackagedfoodstocustomersoftheFresh4U

mini-market."Hehelpsustomaintainsocialdistancing,"saidRoby'owner,SherryBotero.

"And

people

2 itwhenwesendthedog."Robyenjoys

eating

carrots 3 tohimbycustomers,atipforbringingabasketof

food.Robywasn'talwaysastar.Hewasacceptedinto

thefamily

4 byMsBoteroafter

repeatedrequestsbyher

son

to 5 adog.ButMs

Boteroquickly

6 withthedog.Andwhensheopenedamini-marketfouryearsago,hestartedtoaccompanyhertomake

deliveries.Robycan't

read 7 .Butheremembersthenamesofcustomerswhohavepreviouslyrewardedhimwithtreats.Andwithsomepractice,hehaslearnedtogototheirhousesonhis

own."Heknowsthenamesoffiveorsixofourcustomers,"MsBoterosaid,"SoIsendthegoodswithareceiptin

thebasket,andmycustomers

8 methroughabank

transfer(轉賬；轉移)."Robymightnotknowthathe's

become

an 9 worker.Butheishappytohelphisownerand10 hisdailypay.1.A.

bagB.

chainC.

basketD.

stick2.A.

respectB.

loveC.

followD.

notice3.A.

giftedB.

returnedC.lentD.

donated4.A.

intentionallyB.

regretfullyC.

immediatelyD.

unwillingly5.A.

adoptB.trainC.

adoreD.

walk6.A.got

awayB.keptin

touchC.caught

upD.fellin

love7.A.

mindsB.

addressesC.

numbersD.

receipts8.A.

treatB.helpC.payD.

impress9.A.

essentialB.

honestC.

optimisticD.

adventurous10.A.

spendB.

calculateC.

collectD.

increase二、用單詞的適當形式完成短文以下短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫

1

個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Cometsareamongthemostbeautiful

and

interesting

(sight)intheuniverse.Forcenturies,

people

(show)greatinterestinstudyingthem.In1682,EdmundHalley,anastronomer,noticedacomet

thatwasespeciallybrightandlarge.Basedonhiscalculations,Halleypredictedthatthisbrightcometwouldreturnin1758or1759—thiswasabout

75years

hefirstsawthecomet.Thecometreallyreturnedontimeanditwasnamed"Halley'sComet"inhonorofEdmundHalley.以下短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫

1

個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Emmawasonherwayhomewhensheheardasuddenscream.Lookingaround,shesawalittleboyon

thesidewalk

gasping(急喘)

forair,

his

(frighten)motherbeggingforhelp.Emmarushedtothe

boy,

facehadturnedpurple."What'swrong?""Acandy!Inhisthroat!"ItwasluckythatEmmahad

learnedhow

(perform)

theHeimlich

maneuver(海姆利克急救法)atschool.

She

acted

quickly.

Soon,theboycoughedupapieceofcandyandbeganbreathing

again.He

(save)in

time.以下短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫

1

個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。InJapan,thewordbonsaimeanstrayplant.Itrefersto

the

interesting

(combine)ofartand

theplantingandgrowingofminiaturetreesandplants.BonsaioriginatedinChinamorethan2,000yearsago

and

(spread)toJapanabout700yearsago.Somepeoplebelievethatonlysmallplantsmustbeused

inbonsai,butthisisnottrue.Nearlyanytypeoftreeorplantcanbeused,aslongasit

isgrown

a

seedorasmallcutting.三、閱讀選擇5.閱讀理解Aspartofourmissiontoinspirethenextgenerationofscientists,inventorsandengineers,theScienceMuseumGroup(SMG)haslaunchedanexcitingnewonlinegame—Total

Darkness.OverthelastyearwehavebeendevelopingTotalDarknesswiththeaimofcreatinganexperiencethatcan

haveapositiveimpactonpeople'sattitudestowardsSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmaths),aswellashavingafocusonself-reflection,ratherthanaskingplayerstorecallspecificfactsor

concepts.TotalDarknessisadigitalstorytellingexperiencewhichencouragesyoungpeopletorecognisehowthe

skillstheyuseeverydayrelatetoSTEMandcanhelpthemdeveloptheirconfidenceinsciencethinking.Thegameinvitestheplayertosolveamysteriouspowercutintheirhometown.Thegameputsplayersincontrol,allowingtheirchoicesanddecisionstoguidethemthroughthe

story.Astheplayernavigatesthroughthedarkenedstreetsofthetown,equippedonlywithatorch,theywillfacevariouschallenges.Usingtheircuriosity,communicationskillsandcreativeproblemsolving,theywill

discovernewtheories

about

what

might

have

causedthe

blackout(停電；斷電).

But

with

every

steptheirtorchfades,andtheplayermustsolvethemysterybeforethebatteryruns

out.Theplayer'schoicesandactionsthroughoutthegamewillscorethemcuriosity,creativityor

communicationpoints.Attheend,theskillstheplayerhasusedwillberevealedalongwiththeirsciencestyle,showinghowtheycouldputtheirskillsintoactioninthereal

world.TotalDarknessisaimedat8-15year-olds—animportantstageinteens'sciencedevelopment.Researchshowsthatasteensmakethestepbetweenprimaryandsecondary,manymoveawayfromaninterestinscienceasotherinfluenceshaveastrongerpullintheir

lives.TotalDarknessisafreeonlinegameplayableonsmartphone,tabletanddesktop.Playnowat

.〔1〕TotalDarkness

aims

tohelpplayers

.A.recallscientific

conceptsB.betterunderstand

STEMC.improvestorytelling

abilitiesD.developcommunication

skills〔2〕What'sthe

key

to

gettingpoints

inTotal

Darkness?A.Judgement.B.Teamwork.C.Equipment.D.Gaming

skills.〔3〕Whatis

themainpurpose

ofthepassage?A.Topromoteanew

product.B.TointroducetheSMG's

mission.C.Toexplaintherulesofanonline

game.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceof

STEM.6.閱讀理解NickTorrance,ajuniorinhighschool,suffersfrommusculardystrophy,andattendsschoolinaspecializedwheelchair.Themusclediseasepreventshimfromaccomplishingmanyeverydaytasks,suchascarrying

hisbooksandputtingthingsawayinhislocker.Sohehadafellowstudentassignedtohelphim.ButAmySmith,theschool'soccupationaltherapist,thoughtthatbeingabletodosomethingsimplelikeopeninghislockeronhisownwouldbe

empowering.Amyinitiallythoughttheywouldbeabletobuyadevicetohelp.Butsearchingonlineturnedupnothingthatcouldmeettheirneeds—everythingneededakeycodeorsomeotherphysicalaction,thingsherdisabledstudentcouldn'tdo.Aftertheoutsidesearchforamethodcameupshort,shelookedwithintheschoolitselfforananswer.Amyturnedtotheschool'sroboticsinstructor.Theinstructor,inturn,suggestedthattwoofhismostcapablestudentstakeontheproject:MicahStuhldreherandWyattSmrcka.Theytookfirstplaceinanationalroboticscompetition,sotheywereanaturalchoicetotacklethelockerdoorproblemwitharoboticssolution.MicahandWyattwastednotimegetting

downtoworkandforanhoureachschoolday,theboysbrainstormed,built,andrebuiltvariousversionsofthe

deviceuntiltheylandedontheperfectsolutiononeyear

later.Likeinanydevicedevelopment,ittookalotoftrialanderrorforMicahandWyatttomakesomethingthatwouldworkfortheirtargetaudience.Forexample,theyinitiallybuiltalocker-openingbutton,butNickwasn'tstrongenoughtopushit,sotheyreplaceditwitha

sensor.Now,betweenclassesNicksteershiselectricwheelchairtohislockerandwaveshishandoverasensoronthearmofthewheelchair.Afewsecondslater,thelockerdoorswingsopen.Anotherwaveclosesthedoor.Nickcanmakeitwithease—itmaybeasmallthing,butitgiveshimasenseof

independence.〔1〕Why

did

Amy

Smith

wantadevice?A.Toincreaseherstudent's

confidence.B.Toencouragecooperationatschool.C.Toinspirearobotics

invention.D.Tohelptreatamuscle

disease.〔2〕With

asensor

inhis

wheelchair,Nick

can

.A.movearound

easilyB.puthisthings

awayC.continuehisschoolingD.openandclosehis

locker〔3〕According

to

the

passage,

which

words

can

best

describeMicah

and

Wyatt?A.Caringand

passionate.B.Talentedand

ambitious.C.Sensitiveandinsightful.D.Humbleand

warmhearted.7.閱讀理解Accines

(疫苗)

maysoon

maketheirfirst

film

appearance.

Led

by

expertMaria

A.

Croyle,

researchers

havedevelopedathinsheetthatpreservesvaccinesforlongperiodswithoutrefrigeration.Thismeansthe

carefullycooledsmallbottlesnowusedtoshipvaccinescouldpotentiallybereplacedbylightweightfilmsthatcanbemailedinanenvelopeandstoredona

shelf.Croyle'slaboratorybegandevelopingthetechnologyin2007.Inspiredbyamber'sabilitytopreservetheDNAofinsects,theresearcherssetouttocreatetheirownversionofthesubstancebymixing"alotofsugar

andalittlebitofsalt,muchlikehardcandy,"Croyleexplains.Thevaccine-containingfilmisadministeredbymouth—sweetnewsformanywhodislike

needles.Thefilmistailoredtosuiteachspecificvaccinecandidateandprovideaprotectivecoating."We'velearnedovertimethatthekeytoreallystabilizingwhateverthefilmholdsistohaveitintermixedwithallthecomponents,"Croylesays,addingthattheprocessisquickandusesaffordable,standardequipment."Wereallywantedtocomeupwithsomethingthatwouldbetransferabletodeveloping

countries."Immunization(免疫)

programs

depend

heavily

on

keeping

vaccines

cold(2℃-8℃)asthey

are

transported,sometimesoverthousandsofkilometerstofar-awaylocations.Deliverycanbedifficultandcostly,andtransportdisruptionscancausethevaccinestobe

ineffective.Butthisnewproductcanstoreliveviruses,bacteriaandantibodiesforseveralmonthsat20℃.Ina

paperpublishedinScienceAdvances,thescientistsshowthatthelivevirusesinonevaccinewerepreservedinthefilmevenafter36months.Theyalsofindthatafluvaccinesuspendedintheirfilmcomparesfavourablywithatraditional

flu

shot(流感預防針).

"Thestudy

demonstrates

early

proofof

concept

for

an

exciting

platform

forvaccineproductdevelopment,"saysLisaRohan,apharmacologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Shealsonotes

that

each

vaccine

type

wouldneed

a

customformulation(配方)

forfuturestagesof

development.Findingpartnerstomass-produceforclinicaltrialsistheresearchers'mostpressingproblem,Croyle

says.Theyarealsoexploringpackagingmethodstokeeptheirfilmsstableupto

40℃.Sizeis

a

major

advantage—a

letter-sized

sheetof

the

filmcan

carry

more

than

500

doses(劑)

of

vaccine,about1?900theweightofthesameamountoftraditionaldoses.Bymakingiteasierandcheapertoshipandpreservevaccinesefficiently,Croylesays,thetechnologycouldvastlyimproveimmunizationratestheworldover,particularlyinmiddle-tolow-income

countries.〔1〕Whatcan

welearn

about

thefilm?A.Itcontainsanimal's

DNAB.Itwillreplace

vaccines.C.Itcomesindifferent

flavours.D.Itcanhold

bio-products.〔2〕According

to

Paragraph3,

wecanlearnabout

thefilm's

.A.key

componentB.development

scheduleC.possibleadvantagesD.transportation

requirements〔3〕The

authormentions

LisaRohan's

words

to

.A.advisepersonalizing

vaccinesB.suggesttheproductis

promisingC.provethestudyissupported

widelyD.stressthefunctionsofanew

platform〔4〕What

will

bethenexturgent

task

for

Croyle'steam?A.Advertisingthefilm

worldwide.B.Improvingthefilm's

capacity.C.Reducingtheshipping

cost.D.Seekingideal

manufacturers.8.閱讀理解AlbertEinstein's1915masterpiece"TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity"isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn'tbepublishableinascientificjournal

today.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersin

theoreticalphysicsaremuchmore

difficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,"Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan

12."No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneous

today,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists'work,norarethere

anygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirst

editors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesof

paperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolscience

competitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedwork

comingoutofinternships(實習)atestablished

laboratoriesisthe

norm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodern

science.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.

Butthere

are

serious

downsides.

A

lot

of

unproductive

effort

goes

into

jumping

through

bureaucratic

hoops(繁文縟節),and

outsidersface

entry

barriersat

every

turn.Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn'thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametasteto

read.〔1〕According

to

RichardFeynman,

Einstein's

1915paper

.A.wasaclassicintheoretical

physicsB.turnedouttobe

comprehensibleC.neededfurther

improvementD.attractedfew

professionals〔2〕What

does

the

underlined

word

"extraneous"in

Paragraph

4

mean?A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.〔3〕According

to

theauthor,

what

is

affectedas

modern

sciencedevelops?A.Theapplicationofresearch

findings.B.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.C.Theselectionofyoung

talents.D.Theevaluationof

laboratories.〔4〕Which

wouldbe

the

best

titlefor

this

passage?A.WhatmakesEinstein

great?B.Willsciencebe

professionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublished

today?D.Howwillmodernsciencemake

advances?四、任務型閱讀9.任務型閱讀Reversal—changeyourperspectiveandsolveyour

problemIt'softenyourdefinitionofaproblemthatlimitsyouinfindingasuitablesolution.Creativesolutionsrequireachangeof

perspective.

Thereversaltechniqueisacreativethinkingtechniquethatisbasedonthethoughtthattochangeyourperspective,yousometimesneedtochangetheorderofthewordsinyourproblem

definition.Howyouchangetheorderofthewordsdoesn'tmattermuch,aslongasthekeywordsare

reversed.

Yourchallengeis"Howdowemakesurethatfewerpeopletakecarstotheirwork?".Swappingthekeywords,youcouldrephrasethischallengeas"Howdowemakesurethatfewercarstakepeopletotheirwork?"Inthiscase,thefirststatementwillmakeyouthinkofalternativemeansoftransportation,liketrainsorbikes,whilethesecondstatementwillprobablymakeyouthinkofsolutionslikecarpooling—fewercarsforthesamenumberof

people.Noteveryproblemstatementissuitableforareversal.Sometimesusingthistechniquerequiresyoutofirstrephrasethe

question

altogether.

Forinstance,thequestion"howmightwesellmorewashingmachines?"isnoteasilyreversed—thereisnokeywordtoswapwith"washingmachines".Yet,whenyourephrasethequestionto"Howmightwesellmorewashingmachinestoyoungparents?"youcaneasilychangeitto"Howmightwesellmoreyoungparentsto

washing

machines?

Youcouldinterpretthislastsentenceas"thewashingmachinepaystheyoungparentstotryitout".Then,youcouldstartcommunicatingtopotentialbuyershowmuchtheywillsaveeachyearwhentheychooseyourenergyefficientwashing

machine.Asthisexampleshows,somereversalswillrequireaveryflexibleway

ofthinking.

However,thinkingaboutthetinyamountoftimeitwill"cost"youtotryoutareversal,youhaveverylittletoloseand,potentially,lotsto

gain.Thesecondproblemstatementismuchmore

logical.Oftenithelpstoaddonemorekeywordtothe

sentence.Rephrasingyourchallengeistochangetheproblem

statement.Agreatwaytodothisisby"reversing"yourproblem

statement.Forinstance,imagineyouareresponsibleforlimitingthetrafficjaminyour

area.Admittedly,itisaveryunusualchallenge,butitmightjuststimulateacreative

thought.Noteveryonewillbeabletomovefromanunreasonablestatementtoausefulsolution.10.閱讀下面短文，根據題目要求答復以下問題。Quietthe

ComplainerForyears,JaneBooth'smothermadelengthyairingofcomplaints.ItgotsobadthatJanefeltitwasruiningthequalityoftheirtimetogether,soshefinallyspokeupandhelpedhermotherrealizehowoftenshecomplained.ItturnedoutthatJane'sinterventionnotonlyhelpedhermother—italsohelpedtheir

relationship.YoumaynotbeasdirectasJanewastohermother,butthereareotherwaystogetaconstantcomplainertoend.Tobeeffective,ithelpstocorrectmisbeliefsaboutcomplaininginthefirstplace.Infact,even

thekindest,mostconsideratepeoplecomplain.Andcomplainingdoesn'talwayshaveanegativeimpact.Sometimes,complainingcanchangeanunfavorablesituationintoamoredesirableone.Othertimes,itcanfosternewrelationshipswithpeoplewedon'tknow

well.The

problems

start

when

complainingbecomes

the

default

mode(默認模式).

"When

we

havea

needto

beheard,werepeatourselves,"saysDianKillian,alifecoach,"thesatisfactionforfrequentcomplainers

comesfromattention,sotheyareneversatisfiedwithanysuggestiontoaddresstheproblemsthattheyhighlight—resolutionisn'ttheir

aim."So,howdoyouquietaconstantcomplainer,forthesakeofyourhealthand

his?Changethesubject.Somecomplainerswillswitchgearsifyoushifttheconversationinadirectionthatinterests

them.Summarizethecomplaint.Ifyourcomplainerkeepsrepeatinghimself,hemaystopifyoudemonstratethatyou'relistening.Challengethepersontoact.Whenaconstantcomplainertellsyouabouthislatestproblem,asknicelywhathe'sdonetoimprove

it.Behonest.Whenyouhavethingstodo,tellthecomplainerthatyoumustcuttheconversationshort—especiallyifit'ssomeonewho'scomplainedtoyoumanytimes

before.Whensomeonestressesyououtwithlotsofnegativity,it'simportanttotalkabouttheproblem.

Otherwise,ifyoubottleupyourfeelingsandcontinuelisteningtorepeatedcomplaints,youmaygrowannoyedorstartavoidingthe

person.Remember:Quietingaconstantcomplainercanbebeneficialtobothof

you.〔1〕What

did

Jane

Booth

do

to

stophermother

complaining?〔2〕According

to

Paragraph2,what

are

themisbeliefs

about

complaining?〔3〕Pleasedecide

whichpart

is

falsein

the

followingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Complainingfrequentlyisawaythatpeopleaskforsuggestionsfortheir

problems.〔4〕Your

friend

hasbeen

constantlycomplaining

about

almost

everything

in

life.

What

would

you

do

tohelphim?(about40

words)五、提綱類作文11.假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你校英語俱樂部的上一任外教Jim

為你們推薦了一位新外教。作為俱樂部負責人，請你給

Jim

寫一封電子郵件，內容包括：1〕表示感謝；2〕講述新外教給予的幫助。注意：1〕詞數

100

左右；2〕開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。Dear

Jim,……Yours,Li

Hua答案解析局部一、完形填空【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了在新冠疫情期間，拉布拉多犬

Roby

幫助人們送蔬菜、水果和包裝食品的故事。【點評】考查完形填空，此題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的根底上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。二、用單詞的適當形式完成短文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了哈雷彗星命名的由來。【點評】考查語法填空，此題考點涉及名詞，時態，連詞等知識點的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的根底上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式?！窘馕觥俊痉治觥勘疚氖且黄洈⑽?，講述了

Emma

在回家路上，救助被糖果卡住喉嚨的小男孩的故事。【點評】考查語法填空，此題考點涉及形容詞，定語從句，非謂語動詞以及時態語態等知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的根底上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了

Emma

在回家路上，救助被糖果卡住喉嚨的小男孩的故事。【點評】考查語法填空，此題考點涉及形容詞，定語從句，非謂語動詞以及時態語態等知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的根底上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。三、閱讀選擇【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹并推銷?完全黑暗?的游戲，講了開發它的目的和優勢?！军c評】此題