\t"/Article/200807/_blank"高中英語謂語動詞的時態和語態精講及練習1.

非謂語動詞的時態不定式或現在分詞的動作若發生在謂語動詞的動作之前，用完成式(過去分詞沒有完成式)，否則，就用一般式。若與謂語動作同時發生，并強調正在進行的情景或持續性，可用不定式的進行式(現在分詞和過去分詞均沒有進行式)。如：Havingfailedtwice,hedidn’twanttotryagain.

他已經失敗了兩次，不想再試了。Hecamein,followedbyhissecretary.

他走了進來，后面跟著他的秘書。Heseemstohavecaughtacold.

他似乎感冒了。Heseemstobesayingsomething.

他似乎在說什么。2.

非謂語動詞的語態不定式或-ing

形式與其邏輯主語若是主動關系，用主動式；若是被動關系，用被動式。如：Whoisthewomanbeingoperatedon?

正在動手術的女人是誰?Diditneedtobedonesosoon?

這事需要這么快就做嗎?注：(1)

過去分詞沒有被動式。(2)

有些非謂語動詞要主動式表示被動意義。非謂語動詞語態用法詳解不定式的被動語態不定式的被動語態由“tobet過去分詞”構成，其用法與不定式的主動形式相似，只是表示被動意義。如:Iobeattackedbytheenemyisnotabadthing,butagoodthing.被敵人反對是好事，不是壞事。(作主語)Heaskedtobekeptinformedaboutdevelopments.他要求隨時向他報告發展情況。(作賓語)Thepointstobediscussedcanbebroughtunderthreemainheadings.所論各點可以歸為二個主要方面。(作定語Heknockedatthewindowtobeletin.他敲窗戶要進來。(作狀語)Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.箱子太重了，孩子搬不動。(作狀語)Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday,preferablybeforemeals.這藥一天吃=次，最好飯前吃。(作表語)Hesaidthathewishedittobepublishedinitspresentform.他說他希望以其現有的形式出版。(作賓語補足語)[幾點說明]1.有時不定式用完成被動式。如:Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似平沒有造成損失2.begoingto后接被動結構。如:Themeetingisgoingtobeputoff.會議將要延期3.oughtto后接被動結構。如:Suchactivitiesoughttobeprohibited.這種活動應當禁。4.hasto.haveto.hadto后接被動結構。如:Hebrokehislegduringthematchandhadtobecarriedoff.他在比賽中撞新了腿而被拍走。5.beabout(due)to后接被動結構。如:Theworkisabouttobefinished.這工作即將完成二、現在分詞的被動語杰現在分詞的被動語態由“being+過去分詞”構成，其用法與現在分詞的主動形式相似，只是表示被動意義。如:Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.我看到他正被警察帶走。(作賓補)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary正在維修的那座樓是我們的圖書館。(作定語)Beingwritteninhaste,thecompositionisfullofmistakes.這篇文章倉卒寫就，故錯誤百出。(作狀語)[用法說明]有時現在分詞用完成被動式。如:Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I1startmakingpreparationstomorrow.因為邀請我去進話，我明天就得做準備。三、動名詞的被動語態動名詞的被動語態由“being+過去分詞”構成，其用法與動名詞的主動形式相似，只是表示被動意義。如:Beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.迷路可能是一種很可怕的經歷。(作主語)Hedyedhisbeardtoavoidbeingrecognized.他染了胡子，以免我們認出他。(作賓語)[用法說明]有時動名詞用完成被動式。如:Thesafeshowednosignsofhavingbeentouched.保險箱沒有被人動過的痕跡。四、過去分詞沒有被動式過去分詞沒有被動形式，因為它本身就可以表示被動意義。如:Carsparkedillegallywillberemoved.非法停的車要被拉走。(作定語)Herjobwastotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.她的工作就是照料這個傷員。(作定語)Nevertouchanelectricwirewhenitisbroken.絕不要動斷了的電線。(作表語)Incamethefirstrunner,closeyfollowedbythesecond.第一位賽跑者進來了，緊跟著第二位也進來了。(作狀語)Icouldn’tmakemyselfheardabovethenoise.我的聲音被鬧聲淹沒了。(作賓語補足語)Idon'tspeakgoodFrench,butIcanmakemyselfunderstood.我說不好法語，但我能使別人聽懂我的話。(作賓語補足語)[用法說明]與不定式、現在分詞、動名詞均有完成被動式不同，過去分詞不僅沒有被動式《因為過去分詞本身可表示被動》，而且也沒有完成式(因為過去分詞本身可表示完成)。[相關訓練]0l.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhereA.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound02.Itremainswhethertheoperationwassuccessful.A,seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee03.I'llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgooutIdon'twantlikethisAtoseeB.tobeseeingC.tobeseenD.beingseen04.ArailwaystationisnoplaceforachildaloneatnightA.leaveB.leavingC.tobeleavingD.tobeleft05.-DoyouhaveanythingProfessorSmith?-NothanksA.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.beingtyped06.ThecaseagainstMr.Whiteissaidtomorrow.A.tohearB.beingheardC.tobeheardD.beingheard07.ShegottherethattheyhadgoneonholidayA.onlytobetoldB.onlytellingC.onlytoldD.onlyhavingtold08.whereveryougoisthepriceyoupayforbeingfamous.A.BeingrecognizedC.RecognizingB.TohaverecognizedD.Havingrecognized09.Aftertheflightwouldbedelayed,wemadeotherarrangementsA.informingB.beinginformedC.toinformD.tobeinformed10.Hewastakentohospitalafterbyacar.A.beinghitB.tobehitC.havinghitD.tobehitting1l.-They'llgettheirmoneyback.Ishouldhopesotoo,afterlikethat.A.beingtreatedB.tobetreatedC.treatingD.treated12.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneedA.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded13.ThewhiskyisbottledherebeforeabroadA.sentB.SendingC.beingsentD.havingsent14.IfoundIcouldeasilymakemyselfbyusingsignlanguage.A.UnderstoodB.understandC.tounderstandD.beingunderstood15.Themeeting.overfivethousandpeople,welcomedtheChinesedelegationA.attendingB.tobeattendingC.beingattendedD.attendedby16.Thewindowinthestormhasnowbeenrepaired.A.brokenB.tobreakC.beingbrokenD.havingbroken17.Ithinkthepartywasgreat,allthings-Imeanwedidnthavemuchtimetoprepareandnohelp,butitstillwentwel.A.consideringB.consideredC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered18.inhiscar,thepopsingerwavedtothecrowd.A.SeatingB.SeatedC.ToseatD.Beingseated19.Alltheafternoo