Englishgrammartermsoftenused英語語法經常使用詞語之青柳念文創作1．Partsofspeech

詞類noun

名詞

pronoun

代詞

numeral

數詞

adjective形容詞preposition

verb動詞介詞

adverb

副詞articleconjunction

冠詞連詞interjection

嘆息詞

particle

小品詞2.Wordbuilding

構詞法conversion

轉變

derivation

派生

affixation

詞綴法prefix

前綴

suffix

后綴

compoundwords

合成詞3．Classificationofnouns名詞的分類commonnouns一般名詞propernouns專出名詞individualnouns個體名詞collectivenouns

會合名詞materialnouns

物質名詞

abstractnouns

抽象名詞countablenouns

可數名詞

uncountablenouns

不可數名詞thesingularform單數形式thepluralform復數形式thecommoncase一般格thepossessivecase全部格thesubjectivecase主格theobjectivecase賓格person人稱thirdpersonsingular第三人稱單數4.Classificationofpronounspersonalpronouns人稱代詞

代詞的分類possessivepronouns

物主代詞selfpronouns

反身代詞

demonstrativepronouns

指示代詞interrogativepronouns疑問代詞conjunctivepronouns毗鄰代詞relativepronouns關系代詞reciprocalpronouns相互代詞indefinitepronouns

不定代詞5．數詞、形容詞、冠詞cardinalnumerals基數詞ordinalnumerals序數詞fractionalnumerals分數詞thecomparativedegree比較級thesuperlativedegree最高等Thedefinitearticle定冠詞theindefinitearticle6．Classificationofverbs

不定冠詞動詞的分類nationalverbsauxiliaryverbstransitiveverbs

實義動詞link-verbs系動詞助動詞modalverbs神態動詞及物動詞intransitiveverbs

不及物動詞regularverbs

規則動詞

irregularverbs

不規則動詞thepresentformstheparticiple

此刻式thepastforms分詞thepresentparticiple

過去式此刻分詞thepastparticiple

過去分詞

theinfinitive

不定式thegerund

動名詞

bareinfinitive

不帶

to

的不定式7．Tense時態thepresenttense

一般此刻時

thepasttense

一般過去時thefuturetense

一般未來時

thepastfuturetense一般過去未來時thepresentcontinuous此刻停止時thepastcontinuous過去停止時thefuture

futurecontinuous未來停止時continuous過去未來停止時

the

thepastpresentperfect此刻達成時thepastperfect過去達成時thefutureperfect未來達成時thepastfutureperfect過去未來達成時thepresentperfectcontinuous此刻達成停止時thefutureperfectcontinuous未來達成停止時thepastfutureperfectcontinuous過去未來達成停止時8．Voice語態、Moodthepassivevoice

語氣主動語態

theactivevoice

主動語態theindicativemood

陳說語氣

theimperativemood祈使語氣thesubjunctivemood虛構語氣9．Classificationofadverbs副詞的分類adverbsofplace地址副詞adverbsoftime時間副詞adverbsofdegree程度副詞adverbsofmanner方式副詞adverbsoffrequency

頻度副詞

relativeadverbs

關系副詞interrogative

adverbs

疑問副詞

conjunctiveadverbs毗鄰副詞10．Membersofthesentence句子成分the

subjectpredicativeattribute

主語表語定語

the

thepredicatetheobjectadverbial

謂語賓語狀語

thethetheappositive

同位語independent

elements

獨立成分

the

direct

object直接賓語theindirectobject間接賓語parenthesis拔出語thedoublesubject/objectcomplement

possessive兩重全部格形式主語/賓語主語補足語objectcomplement

the

formalsubject賓語補足語11．Classificationofsentences句子的分類declarativesentences陳說句imperativesentences祈使句exclamatorysentences嘆息句interrogativesentences疑問句generalquestions一般疑問句specialquestions特殊疑問句alternativequestions選擇疑問句disjunctivequestions反意疑問句tapquestions附帶疑問句simplesentences簡單句compoundsentences復合句complexsentences并列句ellipticalsentences省略句phraseprepositionphrases介詞短語infinitivephrases定式短語thequestionword疑問詞

短語不12．Clauses從句mainclauses主句subjectclauses主語從句objectclauses賓語從句directspeech直接引語indirectspeech間接引語predicateclauses謂語從句predicative

clauses

表語從句

attributiveclauses定語從句restrictive

attributive

clauses

限制性定語從句theantecedent

先行詞

non-restrictive

attributiveclauses非限制性定語從句appositiveclauses同位語從句adverbialclauses狀語從句adverbialclausesoftime/place/cause/condition/degree/result/concession/purpose/comparison/manner時間/地址/原由/條件/程度/

成就

/退步

/目標

/比較

/方式狀語從句

sentencesofreal

condition

真切條件句

sentences

of

unrealcondition虛構條件句naturalword-orderinvertedword-order倒裝語序fullinversion完整倒裝partialinversion

自然語序部分倒裝ellipsis

省略

transformationofsentences

句型轉換analysisofsentences句子剖析13.Punctuation標點符號period/fullstop句號comma逗號semicoloncolon冒號dash破折號hyphen連字號brackets括號questionmark問號quotationmarks引號apostrophe省略號14．ThepronunciationofEnglish英語發音internationalphonetic國際音標the

分號sounds

ofEnglish英語語音vowels元音purevowels單元音diphthongs雙元音semi-vowel半元音consonants輔音nasal鼻音plosi