動物與飼料的學習資料第1頁/共96頁MajorPointsonIntroductionHowandwhatyoufeedanimalshasabigeffectonprofit

經濟效益Whatyoueataffectsyourhealthandlifespan影響健康和壽命Theanimal’sefficiencyofconvertingfeedtoedibleproductsislow

動物的轉化率是很低的Nutrientsclasseshavedifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertieswhichdeterminetheirfunctioninthebody

營養分類Valueofafeedorfoodisbasedontherelativeamountsofthedifferentnutrientsitcontains

飼料價值依據所含不同營養Thefunctionoftheanimaldeterminestheamountofeachnutrienttheanimalneeds

動物需要的營養第2頁/共96頁FeedingFarmAnimalsRequiresaKnowledgeof飼喂動物需要了解:Fundamentalsofnutritionandfactorsaffectingrequirements營養和影響需要量的因素Characteristicsandnutrientcontentoffeedstuffs飼料原料的特征和營養含量Feedmillingandprocessing

飼料加工Animalproductionsystems

畜牧生產系統Costoffeedstuffsandpricesofproductsold

飼料價格和產品售價第3頁/共96頁Nutrient營養素Substanceobtainedfromfoodorfeedandusedinthebodytoprovideenergyandstructuralmaterialsforsynthesisofbodycomponentsandtoregulatemaintenance,growthandrepairoftissue.第4頁/共96頁DIET飼糧:

whatananimaleats;forexample,adietforfeedlotsteersmayconsistof82%steam-flakedcorn,10%cottonseedhulls,5%cottonseedmeal,1%urea,and2%mineralandvitaminsupplements.閹牛的飼糧RATION日糧:

theamountofdietananimalconsumesinagivenperiodoftime,usuallyoneday.Forexample,oneday’srationforahorsecouldbe5.4kg.ofBermudagrasshayand4.5kg.ofacommercialconcentrate.狗牙草和濃縮飼料第5頁/共96頁CommonFarmAnimals第6頁/共96頁WhyisNutritionImportant?AnimalsHumans第7頁/共96頁EconomicImpactofAnimalNutrition

AnnualU.S.Production2009Slaughtered,MillionsAverageWt.Lb.TypicalFeedEfficiency*TotalFeed,Millions,lbBeef 33.33812936.0F/G258,636Sheep2.3231366.0F/G1,896Hogs112.6122713.5F/G106,812Broilers8,658.8605.591.8F/G87,123Turkeys245.76828.912.0F/G14,210NumberonhandDairy(head) 9.20120,576milk/yr.1.0F/M189,320Layers(head) 337.702223eggs/yr.2.1/dozen

13,179 671,179第8頁/共96頁EfficiencyofConvertingFeed

NutrientsIntoHumanFood

Percentoffeednutrientrecovered

inaproductsuitableforhumanconsumptionEnergyProtein

Cattle

-milk -meat 15-20 3-8 13-36 4-15

Pork 4-20 14-20

Poultry

-eggs -meat

10-18 6-11 10-30 17-23第9頁/共96頁敗血病腎病肺炎老年癡呆癥肥胖癥事故呼吸疾病中風癌癥心臟病第10頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffWater

DryMatter第11頁/共96頁DryingOven第12頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffWater

12%

88%

DryMatterOrganic

Matter

Ash第13頁/共96頁AshingOven第14頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffOrganic

Matter

98%

2%

AshProtein

Vitamins

Lipids

CarbohydratesWater

12%

88%

DryMatter第15頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffProtein10%

Vitamins<<1%

Lipids4%

84%

CarbohydratesTrueNon-proteinnitrogenSolubleFiberWater

12%

88%

DryMatterOrganic

Matter

98%

2%

Ash第16頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffProtein10%

Vitamins<<1%

Lipids4%

84%

CarbohydratesTrue10%Non-proteinnitrogen<<1%

73%Soluble11%FiberWater

12%

88%

DryMatterOrganic

Matter

98%

2%

Ash第17頁/共96頁第18頁/共96頁第19頁/共96頁Farmanimalsefficientlyconvertfeednutrientsintonutrientsconsumedbypeople動物有效地轉化飼料營養成人類消耗的營養TrueorFalse第20頁/共96頁Farmanimalsefficientlyconvertfeednutrientsintonutrientsconsumedbypeople動物有效地轉化飼料營養成人類消耗的營養TrueFalse第21頁/共96頁Ifagroupofgrowinganimalsconsumes450kgofdietandincreasestheirbodyweightby90kg,whatistheirfeedefficiency?第22頁/共96頁Ifagroupofgrowinganimalsconsumes450kgofdietandincreasestheirbodyweightby90kg,whatistheirfeedefficiency?5.00第23頁/共96頁Whichismostlikelytokillyou?DiabetesCancerHeartDiseaseStroke第24頁/共96頁Whichismostlikelytokillyou?DiabetesCancerHeartDiseaseStroke第25頁/共96頁NutrientsNutrientClassDistinguishingCharacteristicPrimaryFunctionsWATERMINERALS

Macro--

Micro--

第26頁/共96頁NutrientsNutrientClassDistinguishingCharacteristicPrimaryFunctionsPROTEINVITAMINS第27頁/共96頁NutrientsNutrientClassDistinguishingCharacteristicPrimaryFunctionsLIPIDSCARBOHYDRATES第28頁/共96頁“Average”ContentofFarmAnimalDiets(DryBasis)NUTRIENT%indietCHOProteinsLipidsMinVit第29頁/共96頁“Average”ContentofFarmAnimalDiets(DryBasis)NUTRIENT%indiet第30頁/共96頁Dryforagesandgrainsareprimarily?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第31頁/共96頁Dryforagesandgrainsareprimarily?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第32頁/共96頁MajorwayenergyisstoredinanimalsWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第33頁/共96頁MajorwayenergyisstoredinanimalsWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第34頁/共96頁ThesearesubdividedintomacroandmicocategoriesWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第35頁/共96頁ThesearesubdividedintomacroandmicocategoriesWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第36頁/共96頁Whichwillmakeuptheleastamountofanimaldiets?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第37頁/共96頁Whichwillmakeuptheleastamountofanimaldiets?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第38頁/共96頁WhichhasthehighestNcontent?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第39頁/共96頁WhichhasthehighestNcontent?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第40頁/共96頁OverviewofFeedingFarmAnimalsFeed/DietWaterProteinLipidsCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsNutrientstoThetissuesFecesGasesofFermentationDigestion

第41頁/共96頁OverviewofFeedingFarmAnimalsFeed/DietWaterProteinLipidsCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsNutrientstoThetissuesFecesGasesofFermentationCO2andH20HeatIncrementDigestion

Metabolism第42頁/共96頁OverviewofFeedingFarmAnimalsFeed/DietWaterProteinLipidsCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsNutrientstoThetissuesFecesGasesofFermentationProductiveFunctionsGrowth-Beef,swine,meatgoatsLactation—DairycowsandgoatsGestation—allspeciesWork—HorsesFiber–sheepandAngoragoatsMaintenance—AllspeciesCO2andH20HeatIncrementDigestion

Metabolism第43頁/共96頁第44頁/共96頁第45頁/共96頁第46頁/共96頁第47頁/共96頁第48頁/共96頁第49頁/共96頁$162,000第50頁/共96頁第51頁/共96頁第52頁/共96頁第53頁/共96頁第54頁/共96頁第55頁/共96頁第56頁/共96頁第57頁/共96頁第58頁/共96頁第59頁/共96頁第60頁/共96頁第61頁/共96頁第62頁/共96頁第63頁/共96頁RandomQuiz1Listatleast2productivefunctionsinthephoto第64頁/共96頁RandomQuiz1Listatleast2productivefunctionsinthephoto第65頁/共96頁Howmanyproductivefunctionsareshown12345第66頁/共96頁MajorPointsonIntroductionHowandwhatyoufeedanimalshasabigeffectonprofitWhatyoueataffectsyourhealthandlifespanTheanimal’sefficiencyofconvertingfeedtoedibleproductsislowNutrientsclasseshavedifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertieswhichdeterminetheirfunctioninthebodyValueofafeedorfoodisbasedontherelativeamountsofthedifferentnutrientsitcontainsThefunctionoftheanimaldeterminestheamountofeachnutrienttheanimalneeds第67頁/共96頁EndofIntroduction第68頁/共96頁WhydowefeedfarmanimalsA.MakeMoneyB.FeedPeopleC.EnjoyablelifestyleD.Convertslowqualityfeedintohighqualityfood第69頁/共96頁HowmanystatementsareCORECT1234PlantsstoreenergyasstarchandlipidsAnimalsstoreenergyasglycogenandlipidsPlantsaremostlycarbohydratesonadrybasisAnimalsaremostlylipidsonadrybasis第70頁/共96頁WhydowefeedfarmanimalsMakemoneyFeedpeopleEnjoyablelifestyleConvertslowqualityfeedintohighqualityfoodAlloftheabove第71頁/共96頁Howmanyofthestatementsbelowaretrue?123456CarbohydratesarethemainnutrientinfarmanimaldietsLipidsareaconcentratedsourceofenergyProteinsarethethirdmostabundantnutrientinfarmanimaldietsProteins,lipids,andwaterarethethreemostabundantnutrientsintheanimalsbodyVitaminsandtracemineralsmakeuptheleastamountoffarmanimaldietsFarmanimaldietsareprimarilyplantbased第72頁/共