汽車專業(yè)英語Unit1OverviewofVehicle第一單元車輛概述

1-1TheShapeandSizeofVehicle

汽車的外形和尺寸A----overalllength,totallength總長

vehiclelength車長B----overallwidth,totalwidth總寬

vehiclewidth車寬C----unloadheight

空載高度，無裝載質(zhì)量高度

vehicleheight車高D----frontoverhang前懸E----WB=wheelbase或axlebase軸距F----rearoverhang后懸G----groundclearance最小離地間隙H\I----track,tread/treadwidth/wheeltrackH----fronttrack/trackfront前輪距I----reartrack/trackrear后輪距J----approachangle/angleofincidence

接近角K----departureangle/angleofparture，

rearoverhangangle離去角L----loadingheight裝載高度M----maximumlengthofchassisframebehindcab

駕駛室后車架最大可用長度N----cargobodyheight貨箱高度O----interiorcargobodywidth

貨箱內(nèi)寬度P----cargobodywidth

貨箱寬度R----interiorcargobodylength

貨箱內(nèi)長度輪距閱讀材料

IdentifyandMeasuretheWheelbaseThewheelbaseisthedistancebetweenthecenterofthefrontwheelandthecenteroftherearwheelandisnormallythesameonbothsidesofthevehicle.Somevehiclesmayhavedifferentwheelbaseeasurementsfromlefttoright.Beforeyoutakethemeasurements,alwayscheckthemanufacturer'sspecifications.

Twootherdimensionsshouldbenoted:theoveralllengthofthevehicle.Thisisthedistancebetweenthefrontandrearextremities.Thesecondistheoverallwidthofthevehicle.Itisthedistancefromtheextremerightsidetotheextremeleftsideofthevehicle,butnotusuallyincludingtheexternalmirrors.Thesemeasurementsareparticularlyimportantforlegislativepurposes.Avehicle'soveralllengthandwidthcandeterminetheroadswhereitcanlegallyoperate.1-2PassengerCarTypes

乘用車類型PC=pass.car=passengercar/PV=passengervehicle乘用車（指包括駕駛座在內(nèi)不多于9座、主要用作乘用的汽車）A----saloon/sedan/salooncar(折背式車身)轎車

3-boxsed

三廂式（車身）轎車，三廂式車身轎車

fourdoorcar4門轎車B----convertible(saloon,car）/cabriolet活頂乘用車（轎車），敝篷車

convertiblecoupe或2-doorconvertible

雙門活頂乘用車（轎車）B/C---sportcar/sport,sportscar運(yùn)動型車，跑車

sportcoupe或2-doorsedan

雙門跑車C----GTcar=grandtouringcar高性能乘用車（轎車），GT車，高速旅游轎車D----stationwagon或WG=wagon,estate旅行車E----coupe或2-doorsedan雙門乘用車（轎車）F----PU=pickup或pickupcar,pickuptruck客貨兩用車，皮卡，貨車（按美國規(guī)定，“皮卡”屬輕型貨車，但國內(nèi)有的部門把它劃入“乘用車”）G----SUV=sportutilityvehicle運(yùn)動型多用途車，多用途跑車

hatchback艙[直]背式乘用車（轎車）H---RV=recreationalvehicle休閑車I----4-doorhardtopsaloon4門硬頂乘用車（轎車）J----pillaredhardtopsaloon無中（門）柱硬頂乘用車（轎車）K----Pullmansaloon[sedan]或executivelimousine高級乘用車，高級轎車,房車L----racecar或sportcar賽車M----MPV=multipurposepassengervehicle多用途乘用車

APV=allpurposevehicle多功能車

oneboxvehicle單廂式車輛閱讀材料

ImprovementsinPassengerCarsToday'ssedansareverydifferentfromthemodels10yearsago.Theoldoneshadmanualdoorlocksandwindows,noairconditioningandbasicaudiosystems.Inonlytenyears’time,ordinarypassengercarshavegainedbasicconveniencefeatures,advancedenginetechnologiesandsafetyfeatures.Despitetheaddedweightofnewsafetyandconveniencefeatures,today'smidsizecarsoutperformtheirpredecessors.Enginesaregettinglargerandhavealsogottenmoreefficient.Performanceisn'ttheonlyareawheremidsizecarsareimproving.Safetyfeatureslikesidecurtainairbags,antilockbrakesandelectronicstabilitysystemsareinstalledinthecars.Electronicstabilitysystemsapplyindividualbrakeswhenavehiclebeginstoskid,inordertokeepitundercontrol.Themajorityofbest-sellingsedanshavepowerwindowsanddoorlocks,aCDplayerandairconditioning.Luxurycarsaretypicallybuiltwithhigherstandardsthanmidsizecars,includingthegapbetweenpanelsintheinterior.1-3CommercialVehicleTypes

商用車類型CV=comm.Vehicle=commercialvehicle/commercialmotorvehicle商用車A----motortruck（lorry）或TRK=trk=truck或lorry貨車，載貨（汽）車，卡車A1----LT=light(duty)truck或lightlorry輕型貨車（目前產(chǎn)量最大的輕型貨車是“皮卡”類）B----ORV=off-roadvehicle或O-Hvehicle=off-highwayvehicle/ATV=all-terrainvehicle或cross-countryvehicle越野車B1----HMMWV=highmobilitymulti-purpose高機(jī)動性多用途車輛，(俗稱)悍馬（主要

wheeledvehicle或Hummer裝備于美軍，20世紀(jì)90年代起也用作民用SUV車C----deliverytruck或deliverylorry送貨汽車，市區(qū)載貨車C1----deliveryvan或deliverywagon

廂式送貨汽車C2----low-bedflatbedtruck（lorry）低臺送貨汽車C3----high-bedflatbedtruck高臺平地板貨車

high-bedflatbeddeliverytruck高臺平地板送貨車D----trucktrain,或truck-trailer(combination,unit)/lorry-trailer(combination,unit)貨運(yùn)列車，全掛汽車列車D1----drawbar,towbar牽引桿D2----fulltrailer或multi(ple)-axletrailer全掛車

vantrailer廂式全掛車）E----semitrailertrain（truck），articulatedtruck（lorry或roadtrain）半掛貨運(yùn)列車E1----semitrailertractor（truck）或semitrailertowingvehiclefifthwheeltractor半掛車牽引車E2----STLR=stlr=semitrailer半掛車D2,E2----trailer掛車F----bus客車F1----micro-bus,minibus微型客車，小客車F2----standardpublicbus標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型公共客車F3----double-deck(er)bus,twindeckbus或doubledecker

雙層公共客車F4----articulatedbus鉸接客車F5----intercitybus或interurbanbus或long-distancebus長途客車F6----touringcoach或touristbus或interurbancoach

旅行客車,游覽客車，觀光客車G----agriculturalvehicle/agriculturaltractor農(nóng)用車輛，農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)H----dump(ing)truck或dumper或tipper自卸車

heavydumptruck重型自卸車

miningdumptruck礦用自卸車H1----constructingdumptruck施工（建筑）用自車閱讀材料

DefinitionofaCommercialMotorVehicleAcommercialmotorvehiclecanbedefinedas:Vehiclewithagrossvehicleweightratingorgrosscombinationweightratingof26,001ormorepoundsVehicledesignedtotransport16ormorepassengers,includingthedriverVehicledesignedtotransport11ormorepassengers,includingthedriver,andusedtotransportstudentsundertheageoftwenty-oneyearsoldtoandfromschoolVehicleofanysizeandusedinthetransportationofhazardousmaterialswhichisrequiredtobeplacardedThetermcommercialmotorvehiclewillnotinclude:Emergencyvehicleswhichareassignedorregisteredtoafiredepartmentorfireserviceorganizationwhendrivenbyfireservicepersonnelinpursuitoffireservicepurposes.RecreationalvehiclesMilitaryvehicleswhendrivenbynon-civilianmilitarypersonnelinpursuitofmilitarypurposesVehiclesusedexclusivelyforagricultureandfarming1－4

SPVTypes=Special-purposeVehicleTypes

專用汽車類型

SPV=special(ity)vehicle，special-purposevehicle

專用汽車A----refusetruck或garbagetruck

垃圾車

refusecollector（collectingtruck）或garbagecollector（removaltruck）自裝卸垃圾車B----beveragetruck

食品車C----staketruck或box-staketruck

倉柵式汽車D----tanker或tanktruck

罐式車E----vantruck或box-typetruck或box-bodytruck

廂式貨車F----wreckertruck或breakdownlorry救援車G----snowremover或snowsweeper除雪車H----schoolbus學(xué)生客車，學(xué)校客車（中、小學(xué)生用客車）I----readymixtruck或concretemixer或mobile(concrete)mixer混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車J----MH=motorhome=mobilehome宿營車，旅居車K----ambulance(car/van)或motorambulance救護(hù)車L----cranetruck,cranemobile

汽車起重機(jī)M----containerplatformvehicle或containercar集裝箱運(yùn)輸車N----snowmobile摩托雪橇閱讀材料

WhatisaSpecialPurposeVehicle?

TherearethreekindsofSPVs:typeP(plant),typeT(truck)andtypeO(overmass).AnSPV,vehiclemustmeetthefollowing:Primarypurpose:thevehicleisnotbuilttocarrypassengersorgoodsasitsmainpurpose(e.g.atractororcranemobile).Locationofoperation:thevehicledoesnotoperateinaloadedcapacityonaroad(e.g.acherrypicker).

Permanenceofconstruction:theequipmentrelatedtothefunctionofthevehiclecannotberemovedwithoutmajormechanicalalterations(e.g.apermanentlyfixedaircompressorormobilegenerator).TypeP(plant)isaspecialpurposevehicle.Itisprimarilyforoffroaduse,foruseonaroadrelatedareaoronanareaofroadthatisunderconstructionorrepair.Examplesincludeagriculturaltractors,self-propelledharvesters,bulldozers,backhoes,gradersandfront-endloaders.TypeT(truck)isusedonroadsandhasnoaxleoraxlegrouploadedinexcessofthemasslimits.TheseSPVsarebuiltonatruckchassisandincludecherrypickersandmountedconcretepumps.TypeO(overmass)isaspecialpurposevehicleonatruckchassisthatisusedonroadsandhasanyaxleoraxlegroupinexcessofthemasslimits.Examplesincludemobilecranesandwell-boringplant.1－5Clutch,DriveShaftandAxles

離合器、傳動軸和車橋A/B----FF=frontenginefrontdrive前置發(fā)動機(jī)前輪驅(qū)動

FWD=frontwheeldrive前輪驅(qū)動A----fronttransverseenginewithfrontwheeldrive

前橫置發(fā)動機(jī)前輪驅(qū)動B----frontlongitudinalenginewithfrontwheeldrive

前縱置發(fā)動機(jī)前輪驅(qū)動1----engine發(fā)動機(jī)2----transaxle變速驅(qū)動橋3----transmission變速器C----FR=frontengine(with)reardrive前置發(fā)動機(jī)后輪驅(qū)動C/D/E----RWD=rearwheeldrive后輪驅(qū)動D----MERWD=mid-enginerear-wheeldrive

中置發(fā)動機(jī)后輪驅(qū)動

ME=mid-engine

中置發(fā)動機(jī)E----RE/RD=rearengine/reardrive

后置發(fā)動機(jī)后輪驅(qū)動

RE=rearengine,backengine

后置發(fā)動機(jī)閱讀材料

DriveTrainLayoutThedrivetraincanbeclassifiedasthefollowingkindsbytheirlayoutonavehicle.

Front-wheeldrivelayoutInfrontwheeldrivevehiclestheenginecanbemountedtransversely,orlongitudinally.Drivereachesthefrontwheelsthroughatransmissionandfinaldriveunitcalledatransaxle.Rear-wheeldrivelayoutInaconventionalrearwheeldrive,engineandtransmissionaremountedlongitudinallyatthefront.Driveistransmittedtoarearaxleassemblybyapropellershaft.Four-wheeldrivelayoutVehicleswithpart-timefourwheeldrivearedesignedforoptionaloffroaduse.Fourwheeldrivecanbeselectedforabnormalsurfacesanddisconnectedfornormalro