名校版高考英語綜合訓練題含答案（2023屆高三濰坊開學卷）Coveredinlushfurzthethickestintheanimalkingdom,seaotters（海獺）canlivetheirentirelivesintheocean,feedingheavilyuponseaflooranimalssuchasshellfish.Theyareoftenseentoeatclams（蛤》whichburythemselvesinmeadowsofeelgrass（大葉藻場》awide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.Eelgrassmeadowswhereseaottersdigforclamsbecomepartlybare,whichiscommonlyaconcernforecologists.Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScience.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplantsflowerandproduceseeds.What'smore,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.Theenhancedgeneticdiversitycausedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuturethreats.Thefindingisapowerfulexampleofhowanimalssuchasottersinfluencetheirecosystemsbeyondpredation（捕食），ofteninunseenandlittle-knownways,saysstudyleaderErinFoster,aresearchassociateattheHakaiInstitute.Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsandgiveeelgrass,whichisinclangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.Seagrasshabitatsarealsoimportantformanyfish,providingfoodforanimals,absorbing,andfilteringharmfulpollutionandbacteriafromthewater."Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,andconsideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantforeelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,theimpacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,"saysFoster.Whatdoweknowaboutseaotters?Theylivepartoftheirlivesunderwater.Theymainlyfeedonseaanimalslikefish.Theyeatclamsbeneatheelgrassmeadows.Theybecomeanewconcernforecologists.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bygivingopinions.B.Bypresentingreasons.C.Byclarifyingconcepts.D.Bycomparingresults.Whydoestheauthormentiontheendangeredconditionofeelgrass?Toprovideexamplesofseaotters'predation.Toshowtheurgencytoprotecttheenvironment.Tohighlighttheroleofottersintheirecosystems.Towarnagainstthepotentialriskofclimatechange.WhatdoesFosterthinkoftheimpactottershaveonunderwatermeadows?A.Overestimated.B.Noteworthy.C.Temporary.D.Unpredictable.CBCBTodealwiththelackoflightsofarbeneaththesurfaceoftheocean,manydeep-seacreaturesemployaformofbioluminescence（生物發光），achemicalreactionintheirbodiesthatproduceslightbutnotheat.Biologistsbelievebioluminescenceservesseveralfunctions.First,forsomefish,itactslikeaflashlightbyenablingthemtoseeastheyswimwhileinothers,ithelpsthemattractmates.Andsomecreaturesusetheirlighttodrawinothersealife,whichisthenattackedandconsumed.However,bioluminescenceisapoorsubstituteforsunlight,somanydeep-seacreatureshavedevelopedextrasensorstoassistthem.Forexample,somehaveevolvedstrongersensesofsmelltodetectthechemicalscentssentoutbymembersofthesamespecies,whichenablethemtofindmates.Whilegoingdowndeeperzthewaterplacesintensepressuresoneverything.Toavoidbeingcrushed,manycreatureshaveevolvedbybecomingsmallerasopposedtothemoreinflexiblebodystructuresofanimalslivingnearthesurface.Andsomecreatureshavespecializedmolecularstructuresthathelpthembetterwithstandthepressure.Themoleculestheyaremadeupof,arecommoninallfishandareresponsibleforthedistinctsmellmostfishhave,butfishlivingatgreatdepthshavemoreofthemandthereforehaveanevenmoreintensesmell.Thetemperatureofthewaterherestaysbetween-1℃and4℃,whichiscoldenoughtofreezemostlife.Someanimalsmoveatslowspeedstoconserveenergy.SomespotsontheoceanfloorreleaseenergyfromtheEarth7sinterior.Aroundthesehotspots,manylifeformsreside,andtheyhaveestablishedtheirownuniqueecosystems.Anotherproblemisfood.Thereisadistinctlackofsealifeforpredatorstocatchsothatmanyothersdependonmarinesnow,theremainsofdeadfishfallingfromlevelsabovethedeepestpartsoftheocean.Deep-seacreaturesfrequentlyhaveslowermetabolismsthatenablethemtosurviveforlongperiodsoftimeonsmallamountsoffood.Sincemanycreatureslivingdeepintheoceanhavemultipleadaptationsztheynotonlysurvivebutalsothrive..Whatisbioluminescenceusedfor?A.Producingheat.B.Searchingforfood.C.Attackingpredators.D.Detectingspecialsmells..Howdodeep-seacreaturesdifferfromthoselivingnearthesurfaceoftheocean?A.Theyaremuchbigger.B.Theyhaveastrongersmell.C.Theycanmovemoreswiftly.D.Theyaremadeupoffewermolecules..WhydoestheauthormentiontheEarth7sinteriorinParagraph3?A.Todescribefreezingtemperatures.B.Toexploretheuseofheatenergy.